Chii Shafi'i chikoro?

Islam sechitendero mumakumi emakore achangopfuura vava chinhu pedyo kuongororwa nokusaita chete vaMuslim, asi vamiririri zvimwe zvitendero. Izvi akwanise cheGlobal Political mamiriro, mabhuku uye cinema. Muchidimbu atitaurire Islam angangotadza abudirire, asi zvinoita kudzidza tumapoka kwokutanga kumuzikamwi - zvikoro dzechitendero uye zviri pamutemo. Chimwe chezvinhu rakakurumbira munyika, uye kunyanya kuRussia, - the Shafi'i chikoro. Ndianiko kwayo muvambi uye chii rinomiririra?

General ruzivo pamusoro Islam

Islam - mumwe zvitendero zvenyika nhatu monotheistic, iro rakaumbwa muna VII remakore. Muvambi aiva muprofita Muhammad. Maererano nengano, aiva muzukuru vaIshmaeri muprofita, uyo pamwe baba vake Ibrahim yakavakwa yava Kaaba pakati Mecca - neKijuni zvenyika vaMuslim. An dzinonakidza kuchiitwa guta rino iri yokuti chete vaMuslim vanobvumirwa kupinda munharaunda yayo. Islam, pasinei zvakawanda kuchinja zvakaitika kare uye nenzvimbo, akaramba anenge chawaitwa, nemhaka yokuti huru dzechitendero zvinyorwa - the Korani uye Sunnah - yakanyorwa Arabic.

Chii Shafi'i chikoro?

In Islam, mumwe madhhab kunzwisisa chikoro dzechitendero-pamutemo, kwakavakirwa kunzwisisa Imam magwaro matsvene ari Korani uye Sunnah. Pakutanga paumbwe Islamic zvikoro pamutemo vaiva mazana zvikoro, asi chete zvina zvikuru - Hanbali, Maliki, Shafi'i uye Hanafi.
Panguva iyoyo, mashoko Shafi'i chikoro - mumwe zvavo zvikoro, asi mukurusa nhamba nevateveri vayo kurarama muSiriya, kuPalestine, Lebanon, Jordan, Egypt, Malaysia, Indonesia, India, Pakistan, Iraq uye Caucasus. Unorema kubva Sunni Shafi'i kunyengetedza anogara Yemen uye Iran.

Imam reMirwi Shafi'i: Biography

The muvambi Shafi'i chikoro repamutemo raiva Imam Al-Shafi'i - muzukuru wemhuri Prophet Muhammad. Izvi zvinowanzooneka vanotaurwa hadith, uye sezvo uchapupu, unogona kutaridzwa ukama pakati vabereki Ali Ibn Abu Talib uye mai Imam. Akanga akaberekerwa Gaza, asi pashure pokufa kwababa vake, kuchangotanga, amai yaitakurwa kuna Mecca, kumhuri yababa vake. Taundi akava chinokosha kukanganisa inotungamirwa yayo sechinhu webhaibheri, sezvo akanga pakati nyanzvi Fiqh, Hadith uye Arabic.

Kudzamisa zivo mumakore 20 akatamira Medina, apo akadzidza nezvehukorokodzwa mutauro Arabic uye Maliki fiqh. mudzidzisi wake akanga Malik Ibn Anas - Musiki Maliki chikoro vomurayiro. Muna 796, mudzidzisi wake akafa, uye Imam vakadzokera Mecca, apo akagadzwa kuva mutongi muna Najran (Saudi Arabia). Asi gare gare akanga kusungwa achipomerwa nhema uye akasunungura kuburikidza kurevererwa Mukuru Justice of Baghdad Al-Shaibani, aimbova mudzidzi Abu Hanifa. Pashure pokudzidza Hanafi madhhab, iye kwakasimbiswa yayo, iro rinobatanidza zvinokosha Maliki uye Hanafi zvikoro. Shafi'i chikoro chake akawana mukurumbira.

Atamisa kuIjipiti, anochinja muzvinyorwa ake uye fatwas sezvo Aingoziva mukutanga edzidziso nhaka. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, basa Al-Shafi'i rakakamurwa mangwanani uye mushakabvu, iyo inotungamirira makakatanwa mukati madhhab.

Common zvinhu mazhabs

Ose tumapoka zvakafanana mashoko nechigadziko - the Korani uye Sunnah (Hadith collection - nyaya paupenyu Muporofita Muhammad), uye saka vakanga kugoverana zvimwe zvinhu:

• Shahada - the yemaitiro, vakatevera kuzivisa munhu anova muMuslim. It anoenda seizvi: "ndinopupura kuti hakuna akakodzera kunamatwa kunze Allah uye ndinopupura kuti Muhammad - muranda wake uye mutumwa.".
• Kunyengetera namaz --nguva shanu minyengetero.
• Kutsanya mwedzi Ramadan kunosanganisira Kurambwa kwezvokudya, mvura, kusvuta uye pabonde panguva kwaedza maawa. Hazvina zvomudzimu zvakasikwa, sezvazvakanyorwa akaronga kuti kurovedza uye mukukurira ari nafs (zvido uye rekusuwa yokusafa nemweya yakaipa). Saka vaMuslim vanoda vabudirire kuda Mwari.
• Kuripwa zakat - chegore negore vaMuslim mutero achitsigira varombo.
• Hajj - the kunonamata Mecca, kuti Kaaba 1 kamwe hwose. Mumwe prerequisites - zvinhu zvaiita kuti kuita rwendo.

Zvinoita zviri Shafi'i madhhab

Pasinei ukoshi yembiru, kuti havaoni zvikoro kwepfungwa uye nevateveri vavo kusvikira zvino vasawirirana tsika dzechitendero. Izvi imhaka yokuti mbiru Islam nezvaro Mutsvene Book, uye avo aurayiwe kuperetera muna Sunnah, uye dzimwe nyaya paupenyu muporofita vamwe vafundisi vaigona kusvika, nepo vamwe - kwete. Saka, pane misiyano pakati mazhabs. Sezvo Shafi'i kuchikoro anobva chikoro mutemo Abu Hanifa, ndivo vanofanira kufunga musiyano Hanafi dzidziso pamusoro Shafi'i:

• Mukuita pamutemo mirayiro Korani uye Sunnah ndivo ruzivo mujinga pamwe chete basa uye kukosha. Asi kana vamwe hadith zvinopesana, zvinotora kutungamirira basa Korani uye hadith anonzi simba. A kukosha zvikuru hadiths shamwari uye zvinotakura chete muprofita wacho.
• Ijma rakakamurwa 2 mumapoka: zvinogadzirisa yakavakirwa zvakananga uye yakajeka nharo pamusoro Zvakazarurwa uye zvisarudzo zviri nharo uye vanokakavara hwaro.
• Kana mafungiro hapana zvinodiwa kuti munhu mashoko kune mumwe.
• Qiyas, kana pfungwa nomuenzaniso of ezvinhu anotsanangurwa Korani kana Sunnah. With nzira iyi, hapana zvatinofarira mismatch Kiyasov chero chitendero uchapupu uye nokuchengeta kufarira maererano huru zvebasa Shariah.

Kunyengetera namaz. ablution

Kunyengetera namaz pamusoro Shafi'i chikoro - chinhu chinodiwa kuti varume nevakadzi makore 14-15, nepfungwa uye zvichirwadziwa tsika kwomwoyo. Saka, bhati - a chinodiwa kuzadzika minyengetero. Hazvina kwakakwana (ghusl) uye diki (zvemishonga). Zvemishonga-kugeza pamusoro Shafi'i chikoro une zvinotevera hurongwa:

• Niyat (chinangwa) kunyengeterera nokuda Allah. Somuenzaniso: "Ini kuda kuita Fard (Sunnat) Fajr munamato nokuda Allah."
• Kugeza chiso inofanira kutanga kubva huma uye mberi muganhu, uko hairline inotanga. Kana chiso ane ndebvu kana ndebvu, izvo zvinogona kuonekwa kuburikidza ganda payo, inofanira kuva zvachose nyoro, mvura akabata ganda.
• Kugeza maoko emaoko. Kana zvipikiri kana pasi vane pendi kana tsvina, iwe ipapo vanofanira kurasa vavo, kuitira kuti mvura yasvika pasi pavo.
• Achipukuta musoro chinofanira kuitwa zvakakangwa ruoko kubvira pakutanga hairline panguva huma uye nape kwemitsipa kuti. Kana bvudzi hakusi, ipapo unofanira kuchenesa ganda.
• Kana tsoka dzako uye zviziso zvemakumbo mvura awire pakati minwe, pasi zvipikiri, uye kana pane Maronda uye makatsemuka pamusoro pavo.

Ablution anonzi yaigamuchirwa kana kuitwa nenzira iyi.

Ghusl - ablution akaita pashure zvepabonde, ejaculation, kumwedzi ropa uye Generic. Unorudzi Ghusl:

• Ita Niyat kuita ghusl vachiti "Bismillah".
• Geza maoko avo uye kugeza sikarudzi.
• Ita ablution, kusuka muromo wako uye mhuno.
• Katatu dira mvura uye sukurudza musoro wako, kurudyi nekuruboshwe pamapendekete. On dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri kuenda ruoko kuti arege kuramba chero asina kushambwa nzvimbo, kusanganisira nzeve ndima uye guvhu.

Conditions yokunyengetera, verenga nevanhu

The huru ezvinhu ndiwo munyengetero iwoyo kuti aroorane, asi pane dzimwe kusiyana tsika, izvo zvinobva kuna hunhu varume nevakadzi vavo basa Islam. Saka, kuva munamato:

• kufukidza awrah kubva guvhu kumabvi;
• muna chiuno uye akakotamira pasi havafaniri kubata pazvidya uye mudumbu kusiya emaoko enyu kwazvo kunze;
• munguva sunnah minyengetero, varume vanogona kuverenga zvinonzwika suras uye vaviri;
• muna Jamaat namaz vanofanira kumira pedyo Imam;
• munguva munyengetero unofanira kumira shure Imam;
• kudzokorora mashoko adhan uye ikamat mu-Sunnah minyengetero.

Conditions yokunyengetera, verenga nevakadzi

Munyengetero Shafi'i chikoro vakadzi ane zvinotevera zviri:

• The muviri wose inofanira kufukidzwa anongoremberera kukunakira mbatya, kunze chiso uye maoko.
• In muchiuno uye kukotamira pasi vanofanira kuva pedyo sezvinobvira kuchengeta dumbu kusvikira pazvidya uye emaoko - kuti muviri.
• Munguva sunnah minyengetero, havagoni kuverenga suras uye vaviri zvinonzwika kana inzwi anzwe chinoshamisa murume.
• The Jamaat namaz vakadzi vanofanira vamire Imam kure sezvinobvira.
• The namaz nemukadzi Imam akaronga chimwe chete mutsetse kurudyi nokuruboshwe mativi payo, asi zvishoma mberi zvigunwe havana pamusoro ndima chete minwe yose Imam.
• The kwairayirwa namaz pasina varume vatorwa vanogona kudzokorora ikamat.
• The Sunnah namaz hapana adhan kana ikamat kwete nomuromo.

Tarawih-namaz

Tarawih-namaz pamusoro Shafi'i chikoro ndohwaJehovha muchikwata che Sunna, kuti zvaaida, uye rinoitwa ose usiku panguva Ramadan kutsanya. Inoita 8 kana 20 rak'ahs - 4 kana 10 2 Rakatan minyengetero. End fanira mamwe NAMAZ witr rak'ahs 3 - 2 1 Rakatan rak'ah. Sei tarawih Minyengetero sei? Sezvakarayirwa rairo Shafi'i kuchikoro sezvinotevera:

• Akaita usiku (mukadzi) Minyengetero fard uye Ratib, verenga zvinotevera dua (1) - "La Hawle VA the illa kuvvata Billaah Allagumma Sally 'ala Muhammadin Sekai' ala Ali Muhammadin Wasallam Allaumma INNA nasalukal Jannat fana'uzubika minannar ..."
• Munyengetero rinoitwa taravikh 2 rak'ahs dua uye verenga kubva pakutanga danho.
• Dzokorora nhanho 2 katatu kuverenga zvinotevera dua (2): "Subhan Allaah valhhamdu lillyahi Sekai the ilaha illallah Sekai Subhan Allaah Akbar Allaah 'Adada halkihi Sekai Sekai Rizal nafsihi Zeenat' arshihi Sekai midada Kalimah.". Dua verenga kubva pakutanga danho.
• Dzokorora danho 2, uye verenga dua 1.
• Dzokorora danho 3.
• Munyengetero rinoitwa witr rak'ahs maviri uye kuverenga dua kubva padanho 1.
• Witr munamato rinoitwa kubva 1st rak'ahs, uye verenga inotevera dua: .. "Subhanal malikil kuddus (2 times) Subhanallahil malikil kuddus, subbuhun kuddusun rabbul malyaikati varruh Subhan Mans ta'azzaza auto kudrati wal Sekai baka kaharal 'ibadah auto Iata wal fana . Subhan rabbika rabbil 'Izzat' Amma yasifun Sekai salyamun 'alal mursalina valhamdu lillyahi rabbil' alyamin ".

Tarawih-namaz pamusoro Shafi'i chikoro - mumwe chaidzo minyengetero, sezvo inoitwa 20 rak'ahs uye ndiyo imwe vanoremekedzwa-Sunnat kunyengeterera vaMuslim vakatendeka.

mashoko anokosha pamusoro komisheni romukova

Achitsanya Ramadan ndiye Vanosungirwa vechiMuslim vose vakura, zvisinei chechikadzi. The chikuru kudiwa - Kurambwa kwezvokudya, mvura, kusvuta uye zvepabonde kubvira panguva Subh munamato pamberi Maghrib munamato. Kuti anotyora nokutsanya kunoitwa Shafi'i chikoro?

• Water kana chikafu, ikamedza nemaune, zvisinei kukura.
• Kupinda chero muviri kuburikidza horo, nhengo nyadzi, nzeve, muromo, kana mhino.
• Chiziva kurutsa.
• Zvepabonde kana ejaculation somugumisiro bonhora kana hope kunyorova.
• Kumwedzi uye postnatal buditsa.
• Kurasikirwa chikonzero.

Kana mamwe mabasa dzaiitwa nokuda kukanganwa kana zvisinei dzokutsanya, nokutsanya hakuna kuputswa. Zvikasadaro, unofanira kuripa nokuda kurashikirwa zuva kana kubhadhara faindi, kana zvichibvira. Mukuwedzera, tarawih panguva Shafi'i kuchikoro - mumwe vakada chiito yaiva Ramadan.

Books pamusoro Shafi'i chikoro

Basics Madhab kudzidza mabhuku kunge rakanyorwa Imam Al-Shafi'i nevateveri vake:

• "Al-Umm" reMirwi Shafi'i.
• "Nihayatul matlyab" Al Juwayni.
• "Nihayatul matlyab" Al Ghazali.
• "Al-Muharrar" Ar-Rafi.
• "Minhaj t-talibin" An-Nawawi.
• "Al manhaj" Zakariya.
• "An-Nahj" Al-Jauhar.

Books Shafi'i madhhab zvisingaiti kufungidzira pasina kududzira dzavo:

• "Al-Vadzhiz" uye "Al-Aziz" Ar-Rafi.
• "Ar-Rawda" An-Nawawi.