Masero Animal - nhoroondo ruzivo

The cellular mamiriro zvakasikwa mazivisa vanhu nokukurumidza pashure nokugadzirwa kwakaitwa maikorosikopu. Muna 1590, mumwe mudziyo kugadzirwa nevanhu H. Jansen, akauya kutsvakurudza kuvandudza. History yakawanikwa kwamakamuri vakatanga kubva iyoyo. Masayendisiti iyoyo refu yokusvika ruzivo chairema zvose zvipenyu zvose, kusvikira paiva zvakawanikwa kukuru. Chirimwa Sero yakatanga kuona uye vakadzidza Chirungu nyanzvi uye yefizikisi Robert Hooke muna 1665 pamusoro zvikamu koko akawana kujairika mapatani, chitarisiko chavo chakafanana nyuchi mizinga. Izvi akadana masero. Asi Robert Hooke varimunyika kukanganisa muzvidzidzo zvavo, zvichireva kuti masero pachavo vari maturo, uye avo masvingo uye vari nyaya mhenyu.

Pakuzadzisa optics chakaguma zvakawanda yepamusoro yemashoko nemaikorosikopu. Zviri kuburikidza izvo azvino Dutchman Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek akakwanisa kuona sei kuti vavake mhuka sero. Akasiya dzavo Zvakawanikwa papepa muchimiro pasi-mifananidzo, kuratidza kuti kuonekwa kuburikidza maikorosikopu. Vakanga yakarondedzerwa utachiona, dzisingaoneki, uyewo masero matsvuku eropa uye ravo kufamba ari capillaries. Asi kunyange pasinei pakutsvakurudza nemasayendisiti, hazvina refu akaramba mubvunzo unsolved - kana masero zvechokwadi ndiwo musimboti sechivako zvose zvipenyu. Yakanga chete muna 1838 - 1839 mhinduro zvinogona kupa nyanzvi M. Schleiden uye wemhuka T. Schwann. Ivo akagadzira dzinokosha postulates sero pfungwa, urwo rwakatora kusvikira nhasi, zvidiki kuchinja, akagadzirisa pamwe ichangoburwa zvinowanikwa nesayenzi.

Zvino, masayendisiti German waongorora kuti data available kwavari, vakakwanisa kuziva kuti zviri zvachose zvose zvinomera nemhuka akaumbwa masero. Saka, mumwe nomumwe zvinomera nemhuka masero vari nomumwe akazvimirira Unit, kurarama rinopindirana kubatana pamwe yose muviri. Asi zvavaifunga zvakanga handizvo zvachose. Zvisinei, nhoroondo kudzidza sero izere zviitiko zvakadaro. Papera kanguva compatriot wavo Virchow akakwanisa kuti sero rimwe rinobva mamwe masero, uye kufungidzira nezvekwakabva cellular zvinhu pasina, chinoitirwa vamutangira, kuti akariisa zvinyoronyoro, kururama.

Masero Animal panguva pachena nokutsvakurudza munyika dzakawanda. Saka, kunyange pamberi paumbwe sero pfungwa, Chirungu nyanzvi R. Brown vakawanamo fanira chezvinonhuwira sero rimwe - musimboti. Uye muna 1895, T. Boveri akakwanisa kuona kuburikidza maikorosikopu uye tsanangura mhuru akarara pedyo musimboti, iyo vainzi centrioles. Muna 1890, masayendisiti R. Altman akatsanangura dvumembrannye organelles anonzi mitochondria. Maererano naye, chikuru kushanda mitochondria kwaiva kugovera masero pamwe simba. Uye, zvinoshamisa, kubvuma ichi kuva akarurama uye rwukasimbiswa nemakore kutsvakurudza.

Zvadaro, pamusoro nguva refu, Hama zvedzidzo vakwana mudziyo nemaikorosikopu, vachibvumira kudzidza kunyatsotevera sechivako sero. Nguva nenguva, paiva zvakawanikwa, kwokururamisa yaivapo sero dzidziso. Asi chaiyo chaivo budiriro chete pashure pakatanga yacho Erekitironi maikorosikopu. K. Porter muna 1945 akakwanisa kuona uye kutsanangura endoplasmic reticulum (reticulum), kuburikidza iyo mhuka sero unobereka mapuroteni usage, shuga uye lipids. Gare gare, muna 1955 gore kushandisa chiedza maikorosikopu lysosomes vakanga vadzidza - kunyanya globular hurongwa kuti kukamurwa uye biopolymers ane siyana proteolytic makemikari.

Kudzidza masero mhuka ndiyo musimboti "kubvira nyore - kune zvakaoma". Modern tsvakurudzo nzira kubvumira kuti zvakazara kudzidza DNA okunze, ari Zvinoumba protoplasm uye zvakawanda. Saka, pamwe mberi zvigadzirwa pane mukana nokuziva zvose zvipenyu zvenyika. Kureva izvi zvinowanzoita kuti pfungwa dzevanhu.