Modern Western wemagariro evanhu

XX remakore yaiva nguva zvakasimba chaizvo kukura evanhu nesayenzi. Modern wokumavirira evanhu chete yakaitika iyi. Zvaive munguva iyi paiva akaita nedzidziso uye dzinokura, National Society Nyanzvi dzezvemagariro evanhu uye International Sociological Association dzakatangwa, kuva Zvakarurama nzira zvidzidzo empirical kuti vakatakudzwa kubva mugadziriro kutsvakurudza uye kukura nzvimbo.

Modern wokumavirira evanhu dzakatangira Europe, asi pamwe 20-ies pamusoro XX remakore. kutungamirira nezvenzvimbo evanhu akatamira kuUnited States. Munyika ino, akakurukura sainzi wemagariro evanhu sechinhu Zvakarurama sainzi, izvo nezvezvakanaka positivist pfungwa kururama uye zvinhu sezvazviri uchapupu nesayenzi. With American evanhu vatsvakurudzi yokungotaura sayenzi rakavapo muna inoshanda.

In kufanana muitiro uyu ano Western evanhu mune dzimwe nyika sezvo chinokosha zvedzidzo evanhu. Izvi zvakatungamirira kuti zvimiso weboka wemagariro evanhu panguva Zvakarurama uye yokungotaura.

Modern wokumavirira evanhu sezvo kurangwa rakakamurwa kuva zvakakwana yokuwanda minda siyana dzesayenzi uye zvikoro. Patsanura navo zvakaoma nokuti yakasiyana uye yokungotaura wezwi, uye nguva kuwanika uye tsvakurudzo nzira.

Chimwe chezvinhu musoro uye zvakafanana classifications ndeiyi. Sociological zviri kuitikawo rakakamurwa mapoka maviri kura. Chokutanga "macrosociological" pfungwa, musimboti riri uchapupu ndiro rine chokwadi kwenzanga pachinhu kana mumwe chete. The pfungwa boka iri tsvakurudzo kunosanganisira kufamba kusvika woga yose, kureva, pfungwa "unhu" kuti "vanhu" uye pfungwa "magariro."

Kutanga dzidziso idzi anodzokera dzidziso Comte, Durkheim, G. Spencer. boka iri kunosanganisirawo STRUCTURAL uye dzichipfekeka kuongorora (inotungamirwa T. Parsons), kurwisana dzidziso (inotungamirirwa L. Coser uye Dahrendorf), structuralism (waRevhi-Strauss, Foucault), kwezvinhu mupi werutemo (V . Rostow Dron R., D. Bell, J. Galbraith) Neoevolutionism (J. Stewart, L. White, J .. Murdoch), uye vamwe.

Boka rechipiri rinosanganisira "microsociological" dzidziso, izvo ayo pfungwa akaisa mberi pakutanga - unhu, munhu, munhu. Vanotsvaka kutsanangura mitemo rwevanhu Sociological, ongorora dzomunyika nyika yacho munhu, kunyanya kubata munhu nevamwe vanhu chikamu vanhu. The maitiro boka iri masayendisiti kunoda kufamba kubva zvikurukuru mukuru, kubva munhu kuruzhinji hurongwa.

Tanga rinopeta dzidziso idzi zvinoreva maonero M. Weber, vamwe vamiririri psychosociology (G. mañana, L. Ward, Pareto). Western evanhu uyu muitiro zvino anomiririrwa rokufananidzira interactionism (A. Stress, C. Cooley, H. Blumer, A. Rose, J .. Mead, G. Stone), phenomenological evanhu (A. Schutz, Luckmann T.), chinjanai dzidziso (J. . Homans, P. Blau) ethnomethodology (Garfinkel D. A. Sikurela) uye vamwe.

Tsanangudzo chokuita imwe methodological boka, kunogona kusiyana zvikuru yekudyidzana uye nzvimbo mubereko, uye panguva kududzirwa mananara pasi kukurukurwa.

Modern wokumavirira evanhu Dictionary anotungamirira anoyevedza ndandanda zvikoro uye yokurera kukura panguva iri Europe uye America. Kuzviita dzakabudirira uye empirical uye yokungotaura nzira. Vakawanda zvino mupfungwa nyanzvi kuti vakawanda mananara uye muitiro. Chikoro French kunoratidzwa soro kufarira kuti kudzidza zvepfungwa revanhu. Mukuwedzera, kukura uye kwesayenzi mirayiridzo nezvemagariro evanhu. Dzakasimukira maindasitiri pfungwa, post-maindasitiri uye ruzivo vanhu. Zvinonzi nekukudziridza nemauto-Sociological mirayiridzo.