Fuko Mishel: Biography uye Philosophy

Fuko Mishel mumarudzi ake kuonekwa kupfuura yepakutanga uye mberi uzivi kuFrance. The chikuru pokutungamirira basa rake - kudzidza dzevanhu mavambo ari chechinyorwa chenhoroondo, mafungiro kwenzanga kurutivi mupfungwa kurwara uye pfungwa iyoyo chirwere chepfungwa.

Uduku. mukomana

Mishel Fuko akaberekwa musi October 15, 1926 kurutivi rweZasi wepurovhinzi taundi duku. mhuri yake vaiva vanachiremba hwedzinza: baba vake nasekuru, vose vaiva ne basa. Vaitarisira kuti dangwe muzukuru uye mwanakomana mberi basa ravo uye uende munzira utano, asi pasinei, mukomana akadzivirira kodzero yavo nokuzvidzora pakuziva uye pamwe akabva mushonga metaphysics. Chimwe Kusara kuushe raiva duality zita rake. In mhuri yake paiva tsika - zvose vomuzana borns kupa zita raPauro, asi mai yaPauro akadana mwanakomana wake Michel, uye mwana akasarudza paakanga ainzi zita wechipiri. Saka, zvose zviri pamutemo mapepa agozviratidza Pauro, asi veruzhinji rinozivikanwa Mishel Fuko. Biography ake zvakare zvikuru nharo.

Future nyanzvi, wenhoroondo uye muzivi, aiva yakanakisisa kusekondari France, asi akanga asingakwanisi kuwana nekuonana nehama dzako vadzidzi. Average dzidzo chete akagamuchira munguva yevaNazi blockade kweEurope, uye izvi zvakakanganisa zvikuru iye somunhu, akachinja pakona nezvaanoratidzwa. Zvose zvakaitika panguva apo mutemo kunotema njodzi kuvanhu, haigoni kubatwa nemhaka ano tsika uye zvetsika zvine nheyo vanhu. Vanhu vaifunga zvakasiyana, upenyu hwavo zvakachinja nokukurumidza, uye kwete nokuti nani, saka vakanga vatsigiri okunyanyisa matanho.

youth

Tapinda yunivhesiti muna 1946, upenyu hunotanga kuti makumi maviri Michel. Uye zvakaita zvikuru kupfuura okutanga. vadzidzi All zvakaipa vakadzvinyirirwa basa nezveramangwana ravo, nekuti yunivhesiti vadzidzi vaiva vanhu vakakurumbira zvakadaro Sartre uye Canguilhem, aiva nguva kunyora zita rake yendarama tsamba munhau. Kudzokorora kana kupfuura nzira dzavo, chaifanira kuva zvinoshamisa vakasiyana nevamwe.

Panyaya iyi, Fuko Mishel akaita yemichindwe. Aiziva kuti zvinoshamisa refu uye zvakaoma basa, kudzidza, basa unyanzvi. Uyezve, ayo dzidzo kwazvo, ndyaringo uye caustic kutsvinya haana navo chirwere chake kushungurudzwa. Somugumisiro, vomukirasi vakatanga kudzivisa kwaari, akafunga kuti kupenga. kusawirirana kwakadaro kwakatungamirira kuti Mishel Fuko akaedza kutora upenyu hwake makore maviri pashure chionekeso. Chiitiko ichi chiri kutanga akamuuisa kuchipatara chepfungwa St. Anne. ake chiito zvakanaka kumativi achiri vaiva nokuti Rector akasimbisa kusagadzikana mudzidzi kuti yoga kamuri.

zvevapi vamazano

Chokutanga, akavonga uyo muzivi Mishel Fuko akakwanisa kutora nzvimbo mune ramangwana, aiva Zhak Lakan Gyusdorf. Ndiye akaronga dzavo vadzidzi 'hurukuro pamusoro wepfungwa, vakaenda navo kuchipatara St. Anne nokuda kunodzidziswa anobatsira. Next aiva Al-Louis Tyusser, mberi tsika baba vake maererano chokudzidzisa vadzidzi. Fuko Mishel, pasinei mukurumbira wayo, aigona kuita shamwari naye kwemakore akawanda.

nyanzvi

Muna 1948, ivo Sorbonne anopa munyori nedhigirii zvoruzivo. Papera gore Paris Institute of Psychology anomupa dhipuroma ake, uye makore mana gare gare Fuko Mishel kudzidza chikoro chete, asi kare dzakagadzirirwa psychopathology. A yakawanda basa unoparadza nguva of muzivi muna St. Anne Hospital. Anoenda kuna vanachiremba bvunzo mutirongo, musha vanorwara, kudzidza upenyu hwavo uye anorwadza ezvinhu. Nokuda mafungiro ichi varwere, zvakakomba basa ungwaru akapfupikisa ano Mishel Fuko. Biography anorondedzera muchidimbu ichi nguva hwake, nekuti iye haasi kugara pariri. The chipatara aiva mumwe dzakawanda ipapo France. Haana kuva chinhu chinokosha zvakanakira kana zvazvakaipira kunobereka asi mwoyo pfungwa kana iwe kuzvitarisa kuburikidza meso chiremba ano.

kudzidzisa

makore mashanu, kubvira muna 1951 kusvika 1955, Fuko Mishel akadzidzisa panguva Ecole Normale Supérieure uye kutevedzera zvevapi vamazano dzavo, zvakare, anotungamirira vadzidzi kuchipatara St. Anna pamusoro Tours uye hurukuro. Yakanga isiri Neine Basa Chaizvo nguva muupenyu muzivi. Panguva iyoyowo, anotanga kushanda rake rinonzi "The History of Upengo", akafuridzirwa Marxism uye existentialism - yakakurumbira dzenzvimbo ouzivi nguva. Achida kudzokorora yakunda Sartre uye ari kudzidza tsika chete, kuti chinzvimbo musayendisiti akatsvaka mukana wose kuvandudza zvisikwa zvake. Akatoita kuti kudzidza German kuverenga mabasa Heidegger, Husserl uye Nietzsche.

From Nietzsche uye Hegel - Foucault

Kwapera makore, apo mafungiro ake akananga Marxism uye existentialism akachinja, kuremekedza basa Nietzsche kunogara hwose. simba rake kunogona kuonekwa akazotevera mabasa Foucault. Yakanga iri muzivi wokuGermany kwakamuita kuti pfungwa dzinza, ndiko kuti, kudzidzwa nhoroondo kwakabva pfungwa, zvinhu uye pfungwa.

Chimwe chinhu okugadzira zvinhu Mishel Fuko vanosungirwa Hegel. Kana pane, mudzidzisi wake Hippolyte, akanga kuchitsigira mutsigiri Hegelianism. Chiri saka akafuridzirwa uzivi ramangwana kuti kunyange chinyorwa chakatsaurwa kuti kuongorora mabasa Hegel.

Marxism

Mishel Fuko, Biography uye uzivi zvakanga zvakanyatsobatana ezvematongerwo enyika panguva iyoyo Europe, kuti vabatane Communist Party muna 1950. Asi kuora mwoyo pfungwa idzi dzakauya nokukurumidza, uye makore matatu gare gare anobva "tsvuku" dzakatevedzana. Panguva yake pfupi vari mubato Foucault Rinotarisira dziite vadzidzi Ecole Normale Superieure uye kuronga kuti yakaurungana zvido imwe mhando. Institute chivanze ikava tsvimbo hatifaniri kukakavadzana, mutungamiriri wakanga Chokwadi, Michelle. Ichi chido chokuchinja, ari runoenzanirana mafungiro pakati vechiduku vanogona kutsanangura kuti uduku kwavo uye kuyaruka kwakaitika munguva Second World War, uye jaya - iri nedanho redistribution kuti mabhora ose simba pakati USSR uye Western Europe. Vakaona sezvo umhare, uye zvakajeka zvachakaita, uye mumwe nomumwe wavo auya Nemishonga mubato iri kudanana denderedzwa rechiedza. Nhengo iri Communist Party akavapa mukana kuti pedyo hope dzavo.

Zvakakurukurwa bato, yakaoma Kutarira yakapoteredza chokwadi, rakapinza kurambwa Bourgeois zvinangwa zvinoratidzwa basa Foucault. Asi, sezvo nguva dzose, vashoma pane yakasiyana akachinjikana pane zvaitarisirwa kwaari. Akawanda zviri kuda simba ukama. Asi hazvisi mienzaniso pachena, uye avo pakavanda vaivapo munzanga: mubereki-mwana, mudzidzisi-mudzidzi, chiremba-murwere dzora mutariri. More muudzame muzivi kunzwisisa uye kurondedzera ukama pakati chiremba wezvirwere zvepfungwa uye pfungwa anorwara munhu.

nzendo

Upenyu France waneta Michel Foucault, uye iye akakurumidza arongedza mabhegi ake, akasiya kuenda. Kwaakatanga Sweden, achiteverwa Poland uye Austria-Hungary. Munguva iyi, pane kushingaira basa iri "History of Upengo." Ichi nguva hwake dzinoratidzwa penchant kuti zvimwe iye sei akaona Mishel Fuko ( "Biography"). Photos of rainzwika kunyika dzakasiyana uye kunyange makondinendi, tiri nokuvhura itsva, vakarasika muzivi. Iye zvokuita muBrazil, Japan, Canada, USA, Tunisia.

mhuri

Pakupera hwake, murume uyu matarenda akanga pakupedzisira akawana nzvimbo akakwanisa kufara zvechokwadi. The refu kutsvaka kwakakonzerwa kunzwisisa anonzwisisa uye kubvuma European nzanga sei taigara Mishel Fuko. upenyu hwake pachake kwagara haanzwisisiki, sezvo ungochani muCommunist pfungwa nyika mukasagamuchirwa pachena. Asi muna California, US, zvinhu zvakanga zvisina kuipa. Pane iripo imwe yoga subculture vanhu vane ngochani, Dzakarwa kodzero dzavo, mapepanhau uye magazini kurega. Zvichida iyi ndiyo nzira youpenyu uye kukanganiswa kukurumidza kuenda Foucault muupenyu. In Mumatsutso 1983 muzivi rokupedzisira akashanyira United States, uye muzhizha 1984 kufa magumo-Danho HIV - AIDS.

afterword

Kudzidza kuti kupenga sezvo munhu Kupfururira munzanga uye ayo kukura, vanhu Maonero kurutivi mupfungwa kurwara, nesungano pakati chiremba uye murwere chokwadi Foucault akafunga kuti hapana akanga asina kudzidza dambudziko iri kubva mukati kunzanga yevanhu. bhuku rake - hakusi nhoroondo wepfungwa, asi nzira kwayo kukura uye kugamuchirwa zviri nzanga chirango.

Akanga kufarira zvakaita hwoupengo kukanganisa tsika iyo zviri kushingaira kukura. Akavhomora zvakafanana pakati nhau ichikosha uye chikuru, maererano kambani, nokuratidzwa noupengo, ipapo ichi zvinoratidzwa mabhuku, nhetembo, kupendwa nguva. Pashure pezvose, vanhu ounyanzvi vagara nechokwadi kuti pfungwa achirwara anoziva zvimwe zvakavanzika okuvapo kwevanhu uye anogona kunzi sezvo chokwadi chikuru, asi chokwadi hachisi akanaka uye unofadza nguva dzose, saka vanhu "utano" vanofanira akakombwa akabviswa kwezvakazarurwa ari "vairwara".