Pisphorus

Phosphorus chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvikuru zvemakemikari zvakabatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvipenyu. Icho chikamu cheprotoplasm uye yakawanda yemhuka uye mapuroteni emichero. Phosphorus yevanhu inokosha pakuzadza zvizere nhengo uye mazinga, pamwe nekuita kuti hutano hunoshanda huvepo. Hazvishamisi kuti Academician AE Fersman akaritumidza icho chinhu chehupenyu uye kufunga.

Iyo phosphorus mhepo mu biosphere inosanganisira hutano hukuru hunoshandiswa - marombo, ivhu, zvinomera nemhuka. Izvo zvinokonzerwa nephosphorus-ine makemikari mumasikirwo ndiyo apatite mineral, iyo ine kubva 5 kusvika ku 36% ye phosphorus oxide. Mvere dzemapatite dzinowanikwa muzvinyorwa zvegneous uye munzvimbo dzekubatana navo ne sedimentary rocks. Zvakachengetedzwa zvekuchengetedzwa kwemaminera aya zvinowanikwa muBrazil neNorway, uye iyo huru yemari iri muKhibiny (Kola Peninsula).

Mukufamba kwenguva, zvichiitika pasi pesimba remamiriro ekunze, ivhu remidzimu, zvisikwa zvipenyu, apatites zvinoparadzwa uye zvinobatanidzwa muhupenyu hwephosphorus, hunofukidza bio, hydro- uye lithosphere.

Zvirimwa zvinodya phosphate anions kubva phossphates yakanyungudutswa uye inowedzera icho chinowanikwa zvikuru mumitumbi inobereka - michero nembeu. Zvikamu zvakasiyana zvezvirimwa zvinodyiwa nemhuka nevanhu, uye kupfurikidza kwephosphorus inoenderera mberi.

Mune mhuka chero ipi zvayo yemhuka, zvirongwa zvepanyama zvinowanzoitika, zvakabatana nekuparadzanisa, kushandiswa uye mamwe makemikari ekushandurwa kwemakemikari ane phosphorus. Mune mhuka, izvi zvinowanikwa mumapuroteni eropa, mukaka, kutya, bone uye uropi matukisi. Inowanikwawo mune zvakagadziriswa nucleic acids - makemikari anobatanidzwa mumagadzirirwo ekutsvaga ruzivo rwehupenyu. Mushure mekufa kwezvipenyu zvisikwa, phosphorus inopfigira - chinhu chinodzokera kune lithosphere, kubuda kunze kwechimirochemical cycle. Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu (somuenzaniso, nekuchinja kwakasimba mumamiriro ekunze, kuchinja kwehuyu, kutonhora, acidity yemvura, nezvimwewo), kune kufa kwehupenyu hwezvisikwa uye kuunganidza zvisikwa zvavo mugungwa. Somugumisiro, zvinyorwa zvitsva zvephosphorus-ane mabwe ezvinyorwa kubva (semuenzaniso, phosphorites) zvinoumbwa. Nokufamba kwenguva, organogenic matombo - bioliths - inova mutsva wezvinhu izvi mumutambo webiogenic.

Sezvakasiyana-siyana zvezvinhu zviri mumasikirwo evanhu, munhu anonyatsopindira nehutano. Phosphorus nemakemikisi ayo anoshandiswa mune metallurgy, chemikemikari inoita, mukugadzirwa kwemagetsi, mashizha uye zvinodhaka. Asi mutengi mukuru we phosphates ndeyekurima. Ichi chinhu chinodikanwa kuti zvirimwa zvive nekukwanise kupenya uye kufuta, zvinowedzera kuoma kwechando uye zvinobatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwemuitiro. Asi pane ivhu rakarimwa, phosphorus yakachengetedzwa zvishoma nezvishoma, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive zvakakodzera kuzivisa manyowa, nokuda kwekugadzirwa kweiyo phosphorites uye apatites inoshandiswa.

Nokudaro, hutsva hunosanganisira anthropogenic unhu - indasitiri uye zvekurima - zvinosanganiswa mukufamba kwephosphorus. Mabasa evanhu anorongerwa kuwedzera kuiswa kwechinhu ichi mumhepo. Ichi chinoshamisa, chinonzi nesayendisiti phosphatization yenyika, inokonzerwa nekukohwa kwezvokudya zvegungwa uye kubudiswa kwephosphorus-ine maminera emvura uye kushandiswa kwakatevera mumatavi akasiyana-siyana eagro-industrial complex. Phosphatization yakanyanya kunyanya inowanikwa munzvimbo dzakabudirira dzakagadzirwa nehuwandu hwakawanda hwehuwandu hwevanhu. Munharaunda dzine vanhu vakawanda uye munzvimbo dzekubudiswa kwemaapatite uye phosphorite, asi zvinopesana, kuputika kwemafupa kunoitika.