Absolute monarchy

Absolute monarchy isiri yehurumende yehurumende. Mumamiriro ezvinhu ezvo sangano, mutongi, mukuru, mutemo, uye mune dzimwe nguva, simba remweya rinonyanya kuiswa muzvanza zveumwe mutongi.

Absolute monarchy yakagadzwa panguva dzakasiyana mune dzakawanda dzinotaura kuti dzakange dzisati dzavapo zana remakore rechi18. Maererano nevanyori vezvakaitika kare, maitiro aya ehurumende yenyika iyoyo panguva yakauya.

Absolute monarchy (mupfungwa yakazara) inoratidzika semasimba asingagumi, akagara nhaka. Mune pfungwa yakamanikana, iyi maitiro ehurumende anoreva mamwe maitiro. Nokudaro, somuenzaniso, munyika dzakasiyana-siyana mhedzisiro yakakwana yakaendeswa kune miviri yakamiririra (iCortes muSpain, iyo nyika huru muFrance, Zemsky Sobors muRussia).

Pamwe neizvi, kunyange vane simba risingaverengeki, mutongi aifanira kuverenga nevatongi vake. Mafungiro evanhu vari munyaya iyi anogona kuratidzirwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana: kubva kune mazano evarayiridzi kuti vauye kudengenyeka uye kuparadzwa kweTsar.

Mhedziso yakakwana mumakore ekujekesa yakanga isiri simba risingagumi, asi simba raMwari. Izvi zvakakonzera zvakanyanya kuvadzidzisi vezvechitendero panguva iyoyo. Louis 14 yakanyatsotsanangurwa pfungwa yemhedutism mumutsara wake "Nyika ndeyangu".

Ichi chimiro chehurumende chinobatsira pakuvandudzwa kwemahofisi ehurumende, mapurisa anosingaperi nemauto ari kuumbwa.

Mhedziso yayo yeheydayday mumasimba eWest Europe yakasvika mumazana zana nemakore zana nemasere kusvika gumi nemaviri. Munguva iyi, hurumende yakanyatsotarisana . Mutongi, anopiwa simba rekutonga uye rekutonga, ari oga anoita zvisarudzo, anogadzira mitero uye, pamusana pekuchenjera kwake, anotora mari yehurumende.

Simba risingagumi rechipiri rakatsigira kuvakuru. Kuumba mumamiriro ezvinhu ekuparadzana kwemafiodal, kutendisidzika pamatanho ekutanga kwakakurumidza kukurumidza. Nguva yekuumbwa kwesimba iri yakarongerwa nezviito zvekufambira mberi: kurwisana nematombo ekuparadzana kwevanhu, kufanana kwechechi, kuiswa kwemitemo yakabatana. Kuvandudzwa kwemabhizimisi, kutengeserana, uye hupfumi hwenyika yaive nechinangwa chekusimbisa kukwanisa kwehondo kunowanikwa mune ramangwana.

Maererano nevanyori vezvakaitika kare, zvinhu zve absolutism zvaive, kune imwe nzvimbo kana imwe, zviripo munyika dzose dzeEurope. Zvisinei, iyi fomu yehurumende muFrance yaiva yakakwana. Nyika iyi yakauya ku absolutism kare muzana remakore rechi16. Uye chimiro chayo chehurumende chakauya panguva yekutonga kweBourbons (Louis 13 ne14).

Mhedziso yakakwana muEngland yakasvika pakakwirira panguva yekutonga kwaErizabheti wekutanga Tudor (1558-1603). Zvisinei, muBrithani Isles, muchimiro chayo chechipiri, simba iri harina kumbogadzirwa. Munzira dzakawanda, paramende yakadzivisa izvi. Mukuwedzera, kwakanga kusina hondo, kwete mahofisi.

Munyika dzakasiyana-siyana, absolutism yaiva nemamwe maitiro. Kusvika pamwero mukuru, vainge vakagadzirirwa nekutungamirirwa kweizvi kana zvimwe zvikamu zvenzanga pamusoro pehutano hwemhuri munyika. Somuenzaniso, muEngland neFrance bourgeoisie yakanga ine simba guru.

Muchikamu chechipiri chezana remakore rechi18, absolutism yakapfuurira kune imwe nhanho inotevera. Chimiro chehurumende munguva iyi chakakonzerwa nemafungiro eChiedza. Nokudaro, "Chiedza cheEtuministism" chakaumbwa.

Nekuvandudzika nekusimbiswa kwehutungamiri hwehurumende munyika dzeEurope, kuvapo kwemhedutism kwakatanga kupikisa zvakasimba urongwa hutsva munzanga.

Mune dzimwe nyika (somuenzaniso, muFrance, Russia), kupesana pakati pevanhu vari kusimukira uye simba iro rakagadziriswa rakagadziriswa nenzira yekuchinja. Mamwe masimba akazosvika pakuderera, maitiro ehurumende.