Colonels - uto diktitura kuGreece. Maitiro zviri junta

Udzvinyiriri pakati colonels muGreece aiva dziine tsvina, dzisingatarisiki gwapa munhoroondo mamiriro. Kwemakore 7 ivepo munyika dzakanga chabvisa zvose democratic masangano. The kupikiswa yaparadzwa, mambo vakatapwa, nhepfenyuro vakanga zvakasimba kudzorwa. Kamwe vakatanga kudzidza ichi yenhoroondo Greek, masayendisiti akavadana simba kwete chete semunhu udzvinyiriri nemauto-hwechiFascist, Kutaura Anti-vanhu vake hunhu webasa.

Zvinokonzera mamiriro kubvuta masimba

Muna 1965, Korol Pavel akafira Greece, iye enyika akanaka. Iye nounyanzvi vaifambisa pakati ezvematongerwo enyika, hondo uye nevashandi vehurumende. Pashure porufu rwake, akakwira choumambo nomwanakomana wake Constantine. Zvinosuruvarisa, mugari wenhaka akanga asina simba kudaro mune zvematongerwo enyika uye zvehondo soro madenderedzwa, kufanana nababa vake. The nyika wapinda munguva enyika dambudziko. King chero hurumende vasingagoni kuwana mutauro nevakawanda, saka chinowanzoonekwa chikaparara. Mugumisiro raiva aiminama mamiriro ezvinhu muupenyu enyika munyika, iyo, ukuwo, chakabata upfumi uye evanhu kukura. Izvi iripo kusvikira 1967, apo Black Colonels (kana junta) vakabata simba.

Greece usiku hwokupedzisira ari kubvuta masimba

Nechekare muna 1966, sefungu mienzaniso uye Misangano mikuru. Muna January wavanozvisunga vashandi uye vashandi vari uwandu 80 zviuru vanhu June - zviuru 20 vashandi pakati nemabhengi vashandi 6,000 mabha-, 150 zviuru vashandi vomuAtene vehurumende mumigwagwa yeguta, uye October akakwira Vavaki Greece yose, kuverenga zvayo pamisara 180 zviuru vanhu . Zvinodiwa parinouya kunyanya vaiva ezvoupfumi zvakasikwa, kunyange zvazvo pakanga masirogani ezvematongerwe enyika: "Free sarudzo", "pasi hurumende".

Vamwe vezvematongerwo enyika kumbotarisira kumuka kuti simba rehondo udzvinyiriri. zvakaitika kazhinji XX remakore nhoroondo rechiGiriki iri: muna 1923, 1925, 1936, 1953. Kazhinji, udzvinyiriri akauya simba kwenguva pfupi nguva kumisa kugadzikana uye runyararo munyika, ipapo akatamisa simba zvavo. Black colonels muGreece, 1967-1974 gg. Raiva kunze.

Nepo vamwe vakafanotaura kuti pave nesimba rehondo, vamwe vakati Nguva udzvinyiriri akatotanga akapfuura muEurope. "The Vagari nyika yedu nedzimwe nyika vachava naro, uye masoja pachavo, kuti nokupika kudzivirira kodzero vagari haangarevi kusimudza ruoko kwavari," - saka vakati junta akaramba mukana kuuya simba. Zvisinei, zvose akaenda chaizvo kuti! The University of Atene kunyange kuverenga nhevedzano hurukuro kuti vanotsigira kunobatsirei udzvinyiriri zviomerwe ezvinhu enyika.

uto kubvuta masimba

Patsime 1967, zvematongerwo dambudziko awana anovhundutsa zvikuru. April 21 chiitiko chinokosha - the chepamutemo simba munyika rakaparadzwa. Panguva achidzora cheHurumende akava junta pakati colonels. Yakanga isiri ropa chimurenga, zvakanga nevapanduki. Mangwanani guru, vanhu yakanga vanopeputswa nokutsiurwa kufamba Matangi mumigwagwa veAteni. The redhiyo kare vakanzwa chiziviso kuti simba yakapfuura mumaoko nemauto. Ivo waiti: Greece ari kubvuta masimba asati akaramba underdeveloped enyika nyika muEurope, uye mapati kuita undemocratically. Power aiva mutungamiri, vaishora, vakanga vasingagoni kuhurumende pamisara. Raiva rakazara tsika uye enyika nenyonganyonga.

Military akabudirira pasina dambudziko zvikuru yokumubata simba, kureva. A. Population anenge 100% chaiva. Muchiuto nokuti XX rose remakore akaumba chifananidzo "nevatongi" nokuvumba kugadzikana uye mwero muzana remakore rose. Uyezve, kutsigira chavagari Black Colonels vakakunda pashure mashoko avo zvavanoziva nezvinetso uye zvinotarisirwa zvavo.

triumvirate 1967-1974

Mushure kubvuta masimba munyika kwaitanga aitonga anorenda, asi simba chairo rakanga kusimbiswa mumaoko triumvirate - G. Papadopoulos, S. Pattakos, N. Makarezos. Chokutanga izvi akazova mutongi sepasi Greece. Muna 1967, mauto akauya simba, iyo, chaizvoizvo, ndiye Black Colonels. Greece pashure pemakore anodarika 20 hweruzhinji akayeuka kuti udzvinyiriri yakadaro.

Papadopulos Georgios

Ndakaberekwa mumhuri evadzidzisi vokumaruwa muna Peloponnese. Nharaunda yave nhoroondo kwave murombo chaizvo, saka vanhu kana vanowanzofunga kuisiya, kana akaenda kuhondo, uye kugara ikoko. mugumisiro wakadaro zvakawira George. Akakurumidza vakatamira vakasimudza yemakambani manera, achifumira kusvika pachinzvimbo chevatatu konoro. Avimbiswa munyaya pakavanda, izvozvo chaibatanidzwa pakagadzwa nevanhu Mexican ungwaru basa uye deginamajai. Ndakanga up chaizvo uye fungidzira claustrophobic.

Makarezos Nicolas

Maererano netsamba vakararama panguva, akanga kupfuura azvakaita dzakabudirira nhengo vamiririri triumvirate. Chinozikamwa kuomarara uye noumhizha, kuwana uye kushandisa zvechokwadi yepakutanga uye, Chikurukuru, pfungwa zvakakodzera. I akateerera zano uye kuteerera kwavari. Panguva udzvinyiriri akakonzera rinonyanya kukosha nzvimbo ehurumende - upfumi, muchitenda kuti shanduko ayo zvinogoneka chete pasi ezvinhu nokugadzikana mukati ehurumende. Sezvo nhengo triumvirate "Black Colonels", achiri wepachokwadi mutsigiri Republican mudziyo.

Pattakos Stillianos

Zvakanzi zvachose "yanyatisa" maitiro echiuto, kunyange vamwe vakasara panzvimbo dzisina munhu, zvisinei, haana kuedza seungano ungwaru. Muna 1940 iye kudzidza muchiuto chikoro pamwe Papadopoulos. A pachena kuchiitwa zvakanga kuti vakasiyana nevamwe inofananidza nguva nechinzvimbo chepamusoro asina wevarindi. Aiva murume zvechitendero chaizvo uye vaipfeka kwese nemhuri kuvake. Kazhinji akatsiva Papadopoulos panguva pamutemo misangano.

Kuedza counterrevolution

Vose nhengo enyika vepamusoro "dohuntovskogo" rudzi, mumwe chete aiva rakazaruka kurwisa udzvinyiriri. Zvakazoonekwa Korol Konstantin. Akawana shamwari mbiri, izvo vaiva P. Kanellopoulos uye G. Papandreou. Vaiva vanonyatsoziva kuti mikana vachipidigura triumvirate hapana, asi, zvakadaro, vakatsigira mambo.

Colonels vairiziva Kusaona counterrevolution uye kunyange pachavo makatsamwisa izvozvo. Saka, musi waDecember 12, vakapa namambo ultimatut pairi akanga kubviswa pambiru wehurumende K. Kolliasa uye nazanachit Papadopoulos panzvimbo yake. Sami yakatanga zuva rakatevera. Chirongwa chaiva akakunda pambiru mukuru mudonzvo weuto. King akataura imwe nhepfenyuro pamwe nezve echiGiriki vanhu. Zvisinei, vanhu weGirisi aita chinhu dzakabvarurwa, sezvo akadana nokuti namambo. Uyezve, mauto akaramba akavimbika kuna Papadopoulos, kuti kudzvinyirira vanhu yemuna akapfuura sezvo chinyararire sezvo kwakanga kwatanga. Mambo pachake akamanikidzwa kupinda yokuzvidira muutapwa muRoma.

Zuva rakatevera racho colonels matema pachavo vakanga paredhiyo. Vakaudza kuti tsotsi sangano aida kuparadza hurumende achinakurira simba, uchishandisa King. Saka, namambo hachiverengerwi. Uyezve, nhengo hurumende vakaratidza kuvimbika kwavo kuna umambo, uye Portraits woumambo mhuri "yakashongedzwa" makamuri vashandi vehurumende.

Political zvechadenga junta

Colonels hurumende kuGreece zvakajeka vakanamatira chairo kutevedzana nezviito zvavo uye vaivimba kongiri "nembambo."

Chekutanga, paiva hondo pamwe nokushorwa yose. It rakarambidzwa, uye vose vaya vaiva akasiyana enyika maonero, vakatambudzwa. Panguva ino, basa rakanga rakawedzerwa yevasungwa.

Chechipiri, zvose makore musimba, iyo junta kwakaitika pasi masirogani hondo kuzorwa communism. Greece yakanga kumativi ose dzakapoteredzwa mugovanisi nyika. Uye, maererano Hurumende, necommunism 'aizotyora kupinda musoro echiGiriki wacho. "

Chechitatu, paramende akanga ichiputswa uye mapato ezvematongerwe enyika munyika. Saka iye Papadopoulos vakaramba pfungwa pakusika nebato rake, t. To. In ake pfungwa, zvakanga zvisiri zvakakodzera. Power uye saka kukunda mabasa avo zvizere.

Chechina, colonels matema akasika dzematongerwe mweya yeGirisi dzechiKristu, zvinopesana vaKomonisiti vakanga vakarwa chitendero. Junta kuvaka nzanga yakavakirwa neururami vechiKristu, nepfungwa pakusikwa "guru vanhu Greek." pfungwa echiKristu inoparadzirwa pose pose: muzvikoro, masangano zvedzidzo uye kunyange hondo. In zvose maguta Greece aiva mapepa anoshevedza kurimwa tsika dzechiKristu.

The zvoupfumi kuti 1973-1974. uye kuwa junta

Colonels vakauya nesimba pasi pomureza chemhinduro zvoupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika uye magariro evanhu matambudziko. Kuti chikamu kwevanhu vanotenda mairi, kwemakore akaodzwa mwoyo musimba muchiuto, vakanga vasina kuenda, vachipa pamusoro simba kuti hurumende yenyika. Makore akapfuura, mamiriro ezvoupfumi kwakave nokushatiswa. Vatange muitiro mitengo, mwero iri yepamusoro zvikuru kupfuura kukura mubayiro munyika. Vagari hakuchisina kutsigira junta. Ipapo hurumende yakasarudza tikaisa muganhu nokuti mutengo kukura sezvo vagadziri vakapindura chaizvo isakarurama, ipapo udzvinyiriri pakati Colonels vakatumira wakasununguka ichiyangarara mutengo anopfuura 150 mhando zvinhu uye mabasa. Mitengo akamuka kunyange zvakawanda!

Pane kutaura kundorwa hurumende pamwe zvinodiwa zvegutsaruzhinji nesarudzo, uyewo kudzoka namambo. On kutaura yepamusoro mubairo, Hurumende akapindura kuti padanho muhoro kunoenderana negoho, achijekesa kuti kuwedzera haisi kutarisirwa. Mberi udzvanyiriri.

Kuti zvimwe kutsausa vanhu pamatambudziko womukati, Colonels hurumende yakasarudza kubata hondo duku akunda, iyo iri kutarisirwa mupanda Cyprus. Zvino July 1974. Zvisinei, kurwiswa Greece vakanga unonyangadzwa, mauto dzakamanikidzwa kusiya chitsuwa. Pashure paizvozvo, vakuru junta yave misha, uye simba wakapfuurira pamaoko democratic hurumende. On iyi pakati colonels muGreece-gore 7 rapera.

Mumakore nesimba, kuti Colonels vakakundikana kuunza Greece kubva enyika uye zvoupfumi. Zvinhu akanga mberi zvinowedzerwa munyika, vanhu kwava varombo nezuva. All zvakatungamirira kuti munhu pakaunda nevapanduki chinoitika, aigona chete kumirira inonyanya kusagutsikana yepamusoro udzvinyiriri. Zvino pashure perimwe kukundikana muCyprus. Vabati vakabatwa nemhosva. Papadopoulos, Makarezos, Pattakos andotongerwa rufu, asi gare gare achinja mutongo kuupenyu mujeri. Saka kupera paraiitwa, vakasarira dema gwapa munhoroondo Greek budiriro.