Mixed Masango Russia. Nemhuka zvakavhenganiswa dondo. Ivhu hwakakanyiwa masango

Broadleaf uye masango vakavhengana vanoumba mumwe chikamu chiduku zvikuru musango mapazi kweRussia, pane coniferous taiga. KuSiberia, ivo vasipo zvachose. Broadleaf uye vakavhengana masango zvakafanana nokuda European chikamu Russia uye Far Eastern nharaunda. Dzavo chimiro Deciduous uye coniferous miti. Havana chete vane rakasangana Zvinoumba dondo pacho, asiwo siyana akasiyana mhuka, kuramba yaivhuvhuta zvezvakatipoteredza nezvinhu, sechivako waMosesi.

Types uye layering masango vakavhengana

Kune masango diki-leaved uye coniferous uye zvakasiyana Deciduous. First kukura kunyanya dziri munzvimbo. Masango Mixed vane pachena zvinoonekwa layering (kuchinja Zvinoumba kasvisto, zvichienderana nourefu). The topmost weDanho - mukuru spruce, nemipaini, momuoki. Zvishoma repasi kukura Birch, maples, nemiterebhini, lindens, mhuka peya uye nomuapuri miti, oakery muduku uye nevamwe. Uyezve pane dzakaderera miti: Rowan, Viburnum etc. Next weDanho mumakwenzi chimiro: .. Viburnum, Hazel, hawthorn, nezvikara akasimuka makwenzi, mahabhurosi nevamwe vazhinji. Next pakauya nemiti. Panguva chaipo pasi varikukura miriwo, lichens uye mosses.

Zvenguva uye zvizvarwa zvemo siyana coniferous-duku-leaved masango

An dzinonakidza chinhu ndechokuti vakavhengana-leaved arrays vanoonekwa kuti chete zvenguva pavaipfuura paumbwe imwe coniferous dondo. Zvisinei, vakauya zvemo: arrays amabwe Birch (Kamchatka), Birch yemiorivhi mudondo Aspen miti uye machakwi alder (kumaodzanyemba European chikamu Russia). diki-leaved dondo mhando rakajeka chaizvo. Zvinokurudzira yakasvibira kukura uswa pakavha yayo kusiyana. Coniferous dondo yakavhenganiswa broadleaf mhando Kusiyana neizvi, chokuita mudanga dzinongoitika idzodzo. Zvinonzi akaparadzirwa yezwi mapazi pakati boreal uye Deciduous marudzi. masango Coniferous-Deciduous vanokurira pamapani uye rezasi gomo mapazi pamwe nounyoro uye nyorovera okunze.

Zone hwakakanyiwa uye Deciduous masango

masango Coniferous-Deciduous vachikura inodziya kumatunhu dzinodziya mapazi. Vari kuzivikanwa nokuda siyana uye kupfuma yacho uswa pakavha. Kura inoratidza micheka kubva European Russia kusvika kuFar East. nharaunda yavo akanakira vanhu. To rwezasi taiga ari wenyika kwemasango yakavhenganiswa. Vari kuwarira pamusoro munharaunda yose East European Plain uye Urals (kusvikira Amur nharaunda). Regai kuumba chinoramba wenyika.

Est European muganhu mugove broadleaf uye masango vakavhengana kuchamhembe nhema pa 57 ° C. W. Above nayo haarambi anenge chose pomuouki (mumwe kiyi muti). South dzinenge anobata kuchamhembe Muganhu sango inowanzorimwa, apo spruce nokupera zvachose. mapazi Ndiwo mugove chairatidzika netriangle, vertices maviri vari kuRussia (Ekaterinburg, St. Petersburg), uye wechitatu - muUkraine (Kiev). Ndiko, sezvo chinhambo kubva munzvimbo huru kuchamhembe broadleaf uye masango vakavhengana zvishoma nezvishoma kusada Watershed munzvimbo. Vanosarudza inodziya uye waidzivirira kubva nechando mhepo kworwizi mumupata pamwe kuenda pose carbonate namatombo. Maererano kwaari sango Deciduous uye zvakavhenganiswa mhando arrays duku zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika taiga.

East European Plain ari kunyanya yakaderera-kunyepa uye sandarara nomunzvimbo dzine, asi dzimwe nguva pane zvikomo. Heano kwakatangira, swimming madziva uye watersheds makurusa nzizi Russian: asi Dnieper, Volga, Western Dvina. floodplains dzavo Mafuro yaiteverwa masango uye mafuro. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, pamapani, nokuda napedyo Pasi Pevhu, uyewo shoma aibuda, dzimwe nguva machakwi chaizvo. Panewo dzinodiwa jecha nevhu, izvo kukura mupaini masango. The marshes uye clearings vanokura bheri mumakwenzi uye uswa. Nzvimbo chinonyanya akakodzera coniferous-Deciduous masango.

yevanhu Impact

Broadleaf uye vakavhengana masango kwenguva refu vachibatwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana kubva vanhu nguva. Naizvozvo, arrays zhinji achinja zvikuru: yakakura uswa kana kuparadzwa zvachose kana zvishomanana kana zvachose ne yechipiri matombo. Zvino vakasara Deciduous dondo mhando kuti achiripo pasi rinorema anthropogenic kumanikidzwa, vaine hurongwa Flora kuchinja. Dzimwe vakarasikirwa nzvimbo yavo weSpanish munzanga vachikura anthropogenically vakavhiringidzika nzvimbo kana vakatora intrazonal chinzvimbo.

Climate

Climate nemasango vakavhengana panzvimbo safarira. It kunoratidzwa nekaupenyu dzaidziya muchando (mu avhareji kubva 0 kusvika -16 °) uye chirimo refu (16-24 ° C) achienzaniswa taiga wongoramba. Paavhareji kunonaya - 500-1000 mm. Vakawanda kukasapfuura kwemvura, iyo iri rutivi aiva mudziyo mvura hwechiKomonisiti. masango Mixed vane maitiro chikabviswa yakakwirira pamwero uswa pakavha. biomass yavo Paavhareji 2-3 zviuru makirogiramu / ha. nemarara biomass yomuropa uyewo kukasapfuura taiga Zvisinei, nokuda yepamusoro basa tupukanana tusingaoneki, kuparadzwa Organic zvinhu unoenda zvikuru nokukurumidza. Naizvozvo masango vakavhengana vane pakukora maduku uye mukuru pamwero manyowa nemarara pane taiga Conifer.

Nevhu vakavhengana masango

Ivhu hwakakanyiwa mumasango vari siyana. Cover iri zvakanaka motley marongerwo. On mundima East European Plain ndicho mhando pevhu-podzolic ivhu. Zviri rudzi chaiwo kumaodzanyemba podsolic nevhu uye aumbwa chete pamberi mubereki matombo loam mhando. Pevhu-podzolic ivhu ane chete nemamiriro Profile uye zvakafanana marongerwo. Zvakasiyana podsolic panguva massiveness nemarara (5 cm) uye zvikuru kukwanisa horizons zvose. Uye hazvisi musiyano chete. Pevhu podsolic nevhu zvakawanda raidudzwa manyowa jengachenga A1, iro riri pasi nemarara. Chitarisiko chake zvakasiyana kuti paiva podzolic nevhu. Yokumusoro Chikamu ine rhizomes sward uye nezvimiro pevhu. Horizon inogona mavara akasiyana noruvara vachena, uye ane kusazvibata marongerwo. Power rukoko - 5-20 cm manyowa zvinoenderana - kusvika 4%. Yokumusoro Chikamu Profile Data ivhu riri acidic. Pamwechete kudzamisa kwayo inova kunyange chiduku.

Ivhu rakasangana masango yakafara-leaved

Gray nevhu dondo yakavhenganiswa Deciduous masango vari kuumbwa mune kure negungwa munharaunda. MuRussia, vari anoparadzirwa kubva European chikamu kuna Transbaikalia. In dzakadaro ivhu sediments kwazviri kuti mukuru pakadzika. Zvisinei, mvura pamatafura kakawanda kwazvo. Naizvozvo, wetting ivhu kuti aenzane kwese chete munzvimbo zvikuru wakanyorova.

Mixed dondo nevhu vari nani akakodzera kuti zvokurima kupfuura substrates taiga. Kumaodzanyemba dziri European chikamu Russia arable nyika vanoumba 45% yacho. Kurutivi rwokumusoro uye taiga mugove wenyika arable iri zvishoma nezvishoma shoma. Agriculture munzvimbo idzi kwakaoma nokuda simba leaching, waterlogging uye ivhu zavalunennosti. Kuti vawane goho rakanaka kunoda fetiraiza.

General zvechadenga fauna of uye kasvisto

Nemhuka zvakavhenganiswa kudondo siyana chaizvo. Mhando hunova pamusoro kasvisto uye fauna of akafanana chete achitsva musango uye musha pazvikara zhinji uye herbivores. Pano pamatunhu miti kukura midzi squirrels nedzimwe mhuka, pamusoro korona matendere shiri iri midzi burrow anoshongedza hares uye makava, uye kwete kure rwizi otters kurarama. Species kusiyana yakavhenganiswa mapazi yakakura chaizvo. Zvadaro vanzwe vakasununguka sezvo vagari taiga uye masango Deciduous, uye masango-vanogara. Vamwe ndivo vakamuka rose gore, uye imwe yechando dzinorara kwenguva refu. Zvinomera nemhuka masango vakavhengana vane symbiotic ukama. herbivores zhinji uchidzidza zvakasiyana michero, izvo mumasango vakavhengana kwazvo.

Miti vakavhengana dondo

Mixed-leaved masango vanenge 90% ine coniferous miti uye duku-leaved mhando. Broadleaf howa havasi zvikuru. Pamwechete nemipaini miti vanokura Aspen, Birch, alder, the willow, poplar. Birch rinoumbwa arrays kwakadai kupfuura. Kazhinji, vane yechipiri - kuti rapera iri dondo moto, clearings uye glades, akwegura tsva arable nyika. In akazaruka nzvimbo, masango akadai zvakanaka dzakatanga mumakore okutanga kukura nokukurumidza. Vawedzere nharaunda yavo chinowedzera mabasa evanhu.

masango Coniferous-Deciduous Zvinosanganisira zvikurukuru nemisipiresi, lindens, Pin, miouki, nemiterebhini, nemiterebhini, maples, uye zasi-dzokumadokero dziri Russian Federation - Beech, dota uye hornbeam. The chete miti, asi zvomunharaunda mhando zvinokura kuFar East, pamwe mazambiringa, Manchurian walnuts nemizambiringa. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, murwiyo uye maumbirwo kukura ndiri nemasango coniferous-Deciduous mhando kunoenderana okunze, kwakaita nzvimbo yacho, ivhu uye hydrological hurumende imwe nharaunda. Muna North Caucasus iri hunodzorwa pomuouki, nemipaini, Maple, misipuresi uye zvimwe zvakawanda. Asi chinonyanya siyana ari sezvamunoita ndivo Far Eastern masango coniferous-Deciduous mhando. Vari inoumbwa emisidhari vanoondoroka, Khingan yemisipiresi, spruce ayyanskoy, vanoverengeka mhando Maple, Manchurian dota, Mongolian pomuouki, Amur Linden uye munhoroondo chizvarwa kwemarudzi zvinomera.

Species vakasiyana fauna of

Kubva guru herbivores makawanda masango Elk, bison, nguruve, nondo uye Sika nondo (kupinza uye akachinja fomu). From Rodent chipo dondo mapuroteni the marten, ermine, Beaver, Chipmunks, otter, mbeva, chamatebwe, mink, ferrets matema. Masango Mixed zvakawandira vazhinji eshiri. Heano vazhinji vavo, asi kwete vose, oriole, nuthatch, siskin, fieldfare, goshawk, Hazel Grouse, bullfinch, Nightingale, neshiri yegungwa, nemhupupu, wachena kondo, goldfinches, woodpeckers, Grouse, Finch. More kana zvikara zvishoma guru akapa namapere, yokuSpain uye makava. Masango Mixed vari kumusha tsuro (hares uye hares), madzvinyu, hedgehogs, nyoka, matatya uye mashava nemapere.

Howa uye michero

Michero dzinoturwa Blueberry, razibheri, cranberry, cranberry, Blackberry, Cherry, Strawberry, parukato, elderberry, Rowan, cranberry, rosehips, hawthorn. Masango kwakadai dzinodyiwa howa zhinji: Aspen, mugodhi chena, chanterelles, russula, howa, howa, ruomba howa, volnushki siyana blewits, boletus, Mokhovikov, howa uye nevamwe. Chimwe chezvinhu ngozi muchetura toadstools vari macromycetes uye toadstool rakachenuruka.

nemiti

Russian masango yakavhenganiswa nezvizhinji nemiti. Danho makwenzi rechienzi yakatanga. For hwakasimba pomuouki inozivikanwa nokuvapo Hazel, chokurukisa muti, mhumhi laka, honeysuckle huni, uye kuchamhembe mapazi - alder buckthorn. Panguva kumicheto uye akazaruka AZHUTHA kukura rosehips. Mumasango coniferous uye rakafara-leaved mhando vasangana lianoobraznye miti: Calystegia sepium, Mazambiringa achikwira, This.

nemiriwo

A-siyana kwemarudzi, uyewo kunzwisisa wehunyambiri marongerwo vane uswa vakavhengana masango (kunyanya coniferous uye yakafara-leaved mhando). Rakajairika uye rinoparadzirwa kumiririrwa muchikwata - a mesophilic chirimwa unzenza. Pakati pavo vane vamiriri oakwood. Zviri chirimwa Shizha ndiro rine kwemisha upamhi. Idzi dzinosanganisira: Mercurialis perennis, pasi mukuru, Lungwort, ruva mumupata, European Wild Ginger, mvere petsanga, Zelenchuk yero, Chickweed lanceolate, sochevnik (Black uye chitubu), Violet kunoshamisa. Zviyo vanomirirwa okunamata bluegrass, fescue hofori, dondo petsanga, Brachypodium pinnatum, Boron uye mamwe yokuparadzira. Flat date Mashizha zvinomera zviri nezvechisarudzo kuchinja dzakananga fitosrede coniferous-Deciduous masango.

Kuwedzera kune izvi perennial mhando ari mashoko rinovira unowanikwa uswa ephemeral mapoka. mwaka wayo achikura, vari akatamisira kutsime nguva, apo kunonyanyisa chiedza. Kana chando ikanyauka, kureva vachiita zvakanaka ephemeroids chimiro makapeti yellow anemones uye hanzi uta hohlatok yepepuru uye rinokwanisa kucheneruka mushava-prolesok. Zvirimwa izvi enda kuburikidza upenyu kutenderera kuti vaviri wamavhiki, uye kana mashizha emiti anotumbuka, avo zvemuchadenga chikamu pakupedzisira anofa. Zvakaomarara nguva vanova pasi zvakaturikidzaniswa ivhu sezvo tubers, Mabumba uye rhizomes.