"Jasmine Revolution". Ndiani akatanga "Jasmine Revolution"? kuti "Jasmine Revolution" raiva kupi? Umo nyika?

"Jasmine Revolution" rinoreva vanonzi "ruvara nokumukirana". Ko mutsara uyu? Yakarurama shanduro Fani iyi anonzi vakawanda zviito nokushorwa, izvo kazhinji kunotungamirira kune kushandurwa hurumende. Kusara dzose makore chokuvapo the izvi, akakwanisa uye vakabhadhara kubva kunze, muri mhirizhonga Anti-hurumende China muna 1989, rinozivikanwa "Tiananmen." The chimurenga haana kutora nzvimbo. dzimwe nokumukirana All vave "rakabudirira".

Musimboti ruvara nokumukirana

Sei zvaisazova enyika dzakarurama kudana outrages izvi, chaizvoizvo ndivo US uye muUK chirongwa kupidigura hurumende pamutemo mune yaimbova Soviet Union, ari Warsaw chibvumirano nyika uye wechitatu nyika nyika, izvo zvinosanganisira nyika muAfrica, Asia, Latin America uye kuMiddle East. Wokutanga zvakananga "ruvara" chimurenga kwakaitika Lisbon muna 1974 uye akanzi "Carnation Revolution". Izvi zvakateverwa "yero chimurenga" kuPhilippines, kwakaitika muna 1989. Zvino chii chete mavara uye rukudzo chero chirimwa kwete chete havanzi akabhadhara kunze reropa rine zviitiko, akataura sezvo "kuda vanhu ..."

kupfungwa osobennorsti

"Jasmine Revolution" kwakaitika Tunisia mumatanho maviri, akanga airidza - kunyanya chikamu chacho chechipiri - zvose zvava dzenhoroondo canons. Ava, pakutanga kwezvose, akataura kuti "ropa" kuchinja simba, iro nguva dzose achimiririrwa muchivadzvinyirira kana anomanikidza hwechiKomonisiti. Panzvimbo yavo yasvika, Chokwadi, hweruzhinji. Unoshamisa chinoratidza ruvara nokumukirana ndiyo activation pamusoro mari siyana uye nemamwe masangano, kusanganisira nevamiririri venyika, kutsigira "kuipandukira". Zviitiko izvi nguva dzose kutanga kuungana vaidzvinyirirwa vanhu napamatare, kunyanya nechepakati "rugare", somugumisiro iyo nyika dzakwidzwa akafukidzwa Zvivako kuti vanoitirwa nenyonganyonga izvi.

kutanga zviratidzo

"Jasmine Revolution" ndozvakaitikawo. Zita akapa ruva, unova chiratidzo emarudzi nyika ino - Jasmine. Danho rokutanga raiva ropa kuchinja 7 November 1987 Habiba Burgiba - purezidhendi Republic of Tunisia rokutanga. Somugumisiro, zvakaitika kuna simba basa vhiki 6 chete pamberi kuti, Prime Minister Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. Akava mutungamiri wechigarire, uye ichi mumwe mukuru zvikonzero yechipiri chokutambudzika, kana "rechipiri Jasmine chimurenga" yakaitika mangwanani (January-February) 2011.

pokutangira

Vose "ruvara nokumukirana" pasinei kwakakwana kuzivikanwa nzira uye muronga zviitiko angava akasiyana zvikonzero kusagutsikana nomunhu wacho akaturikidzana chavagari aivapo simba uye kutangira pfungwa iyo, chokwadi, kutanga mhirizhonga. "Jasmine Revolution" (the Danho rechipiri) dzakatanga chiito yokuzvidzora immolation zvavakaita mutaundi Sidi Bouzid (nechepakati Tunisia) mushambadzi miriwo,-makore 26 Mohamed Bouazizi, anaro mumwe dhigirii kuyunivhesiti. The chiito aiva fait December 17, January 4, Bouazizi akafa mujeri kubva zvakawanda kutsva. Akanyunyuta pamusoro nehanya mapurisa uye urombo. Mupurisa achitorwa zvinhu zvakakwana, uye kuti vasati makatukwa uye mukatambudzwa pachena uye kurova munyengeri. Zviri pachena kuti pave paya asungwa, akanga mhosva nokuda kwokushayiwa uchapupu. "Jasmine Revolution" munyika vakatanga kubva nguva rufu Bouazizi.

Zvechokwadi ropa kubvuta masimba

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti chiri munyika ino, iri kuchamhembe Africa, ndiye mukuru nenhanho dzidzo, uye chaiva pasi pasi President rokutanga uori. Asi panguva nokubviswa kubva muhofisi upenyu mutungamiri Habib Bourguiba aiva nemakore 84, uyo akapa kodzero chinzvimbo Ben Ali kuti ropa nevapanduki, achitaura nyaya 57 ( "nezvikonzero zvoutano"), huru mutemo munyika.

Ichi kutanga akanaka

Paitonga Ben Ali, maererano UN, vakanga akacherekedza 10-nedanga kuwedzera National mari chete capita yawa 14 kusvika 3.8% kubva nhamba yevanhu pasi urombo mutsetse, nyika vakabvuma kuti WTO. Nemhaka upenyu hutsva (kubva 2003) purezidhendi vakatanga mutsva nguva Kuvhenekerwa - mutemo inopikira hunodiwa kuwana dzidzo ose Omani yechipiri. vanhu mamiriyoni 9 munyika yakanga zvikoro 5000, apo kirasi yapakati 60% pachiyero Omani vemo. Nei "Jasmine Revolution" kuti akatanga rate izvi? The nyika muna 2010 aiva GDP akaenzana 39, 6 bhiriyoni euros. Asi ndipo apo muzvinashawo anoita samopodzhog Bouazizi.

Internet mu basa varongi vari "ruvara nokumukirana"

Story akagamuchira yakafara mbirikira nemhaka Internet, uye ikozvino zvinoitika kuti munyika akawandisa vakadzidza vechidiki havashandi, pane mitengo guru, uye, Chikurukuru, ari mamiriro transcendental uori. Information pamusoro umbozha kuti vakakomberedzwa anozvishongedza wenyika mhuri, vakava paruzhinji - vanhuwo dzakavhiringika. Zvizhinji kuti "Jasmine Revolution" rakatanga, akatora mukadzi wechipiri Leila Trabelsi President, nemhaka iyo uori munyika dzakawanda.

Kwete nemhirizhonga nokumukira

Pakafa muduku muzvinashawo wacho apererwa akapedza muriwo mumigwagwa, zviuru zvevanhu, kutanga Sidi Bouzid, uye ipapo munyika, nokuti hurumende woutsinye zvikuru mabasa ekutanga - vazhinji vakakuvadzwa, vaviri akafa mavanga ake muchipatara. Economic zvinodiwa kuchinja zvematongerwo. Zvino, muna apesane kumapurisa vanhu 50 vakaurayiwa akapoteredza nechepakati nzvimbo. "Jasmine Revolution" muna Tunisia kuwedzera. Uye, pasinei kunyarara zviitiko nechepakati TV, nemhaka Internet vanhu vaiziva zvaiitika chokwadi. Zvino purezidhendi akapa kero paterevhizheni rudzi, izvo akavimbisa kusika 300,000 mabasa, haichawaniki kunzwa.

Kubva rudo kuvenga

Havana kubatsira musunungure vimbiso vose wakavharirwa somugumisiro mhirizhonga uye misha kubva pambiru mukati mufundisi Rafika Belhadzha Kacem. Hazvina kumisa vakawanda kutanga kusvika pamba nenguva yakatarwa uye neuto muzvikamu kuti abvume. The sirogani "Rufu kuna Ben Ali!" Ko kuwedzera. Zvakatora mavhiki asingasviki maviri purezidhendi, aitonga nyika kwemakore 23, akanga kuzodzosera akasarudzirwa pambiru 5 nguva pamwe indekisi 99% rutsigiro chavagari, vakakurumidza anyangarika Tunisia nemhuri yake. January 14 pa 17:00, zvakaziviswa kuti Zine El Abidine Ben Ali vakatiza nyika. Power yakapfuura mumaoko nemauto.

All mumwe chete kuitika

chepamutemo mutongi zvaizopedza nguva kwakadaro kunotungamirira mufananidzo wounhu zviri zvechokwadi "Jasmine Revolution", uyo akatanga uye akaramba kutungamirira chiito zvichiitika. Hongu, uye zviitiko hunotevedzana kusiya pasina mubvunzo kuti spontaneity nevanhuwo zvavo maitiro shoma aripo chaizvoizvo, uye chii chiri kuitika yakafanana zvikuru akanaka chaizvo uye ane pre-vakaronga chiito. Vakatsamwa hazvina kufadza. Mohammed al-Hanus, aimbova mutungamiriri wehurumende uye pakupedzisira kutora yapurezidhendi, akavimbisa vanhu kunokurumidza democratic kuchinja. Asi sezvo chikwata kutanga kuita vemapoka zvikwata. Population pakupindura mumatare zvevanhu vakasikwa. Panzvimbo, dare pakupedzisira kunyimwa masimba ose uye akapukunyuka purezidhendi uye wehurumende al-Hanus.

pehurumende mhirizhonga

Mukusaita kuzvidzora wakapfuurira mumaoko nomukurukuri Fuada Al-Mobzaa. Vagadzwa kusarudzwa purezidhendi mutsva, vanofanira kuenda kwemazuva 60. Vachiita mutungamiri rinorayira zvose zvakafanana al-Hanus kuumba hurumende kubatana nenyika. Wapikisa ruregero vasungwa zvose enyika, akatendera zvose kare kurambidzwa bato. Chokwadi, kutanga kuferefeta pachinhu pakuvora vamiririri aimbova hurumende. A anoita kuti sarudzo kunze weachimbova mutungamiriri wehurumende. Uye "Jasmine Revolution" anoenderera zvakare. Munyika umo kwave ndisingafungiri yakadaro pamberi hondo pamwe uori rapfuura hurumende havana ndivo vakabatsira wayo pavapenyu?

Mumwe mwedzi Prime rakanamatira chigaro chake

Mumigwagwa yacho Omani guru, demonstrators kamwe zvakare kuuya zvinodiwa kubviswa kubva pasimba rose avo katsi vakatonga nyika pasi vehurumende yaimbovapo. Kudeuka wesangano rinomirira inoti kwete kucherechedza zvokungoitawo Transitional hurumende. Uye izvi zvose zvinoitika vhiki yokutanga pashure kutiza President. Musi waJanuary 23, hunotanga mumwe rugare, asi zvino usiku, pamwe makenduru kuratidzwa kuti mangwanani ichichinja vakawanda hooliganism pamwe nokupwanya kuti mahwindo zvivako zvehurumende, unopfuta motokari uye nevamwe tsika migove "kwatangwa" Kuratidzira nevagari,. Kuratidzwa kuda kusiya basa ose al-Hanus kuwana simba, uye kare musi February 25 mumigwagwa kubva vanhu vanopfuura zviuru 100. 27 nhamba iye resigns.

Results chimurenga

Prime Minister Beji anova Quaid-Essebsi, uyewo weachimbova. Maererano neUN, "Jasmine Revolution" arasikirwe nyika bhiriyoni 1,6 euros, nyika chakarasikirwa mu auraya vanhu 219, vakakuvara 510. Behind sezvinoitwa kufara yakatsvairwa pamusoro dzimwe pedyo nyika - zviitiko izvi vanonzi "Arab Spring" .tak chii Chokwadi izvozvo rinoonekwa "Jasmine chimurenga", apo kukunda kwake? Maererano nenyanzvi, upfumi nezvinhu kunyika dzose sei ne "tsime Arab", vakasvika mabhiriyoni 225 emadhora. Zvakananga kubva Tunisians, asi kuzvikudza, kuti "ndivo vokutanga," hapana kubudirira. Uye, kutonga nezvinooneka kutevera nokukurumidza chaizvo redistribution kuti mabhora ose simba mudunhu, tinogona zvakachengeteka vanotaura zvakanaka akaronga chiito, pasi achinyepera kuratidza kuti "kwatangwa uremu chiito pamusoro pevatongi hwechiKomonisiti."

Vamwe vaongorori vanodavira kuti mhaka zviitiko izvi aiva echokwadi kurwira mabhora ose simba pakati Anglo-Saxons uye China mumunda kugadzirwa Mahydrocarbon - mafuta uye gasi.