Kukura emapuranga njanji sleepers. Yanyatsosimba kongiri sleepers: Dimensions

Railway sleepers - kiyi STRUCTURAL Kufananidzira runoenzanirana mutsetse. On unhu hwavo kunoenderana kutsiga kwezvivako zvakananga. MuRussia, akashandisa yematanda uye zvakasimbisa kongiri ezvirevo. In ruremekedzo kwavari akasimbisa dzinoverengeka nemitemo zvinokosha kuti kutsanangura kukura. Chii specificity yavo?

Kupatsanura kubudikidza mhando emapuranga sleepers

Kukura sleepers zvakaitwa namatanda, maererano nehurumende mitemo, vanofanira Nenyaya Iyi wayo mhando. Pane zvikonzero zvinoverengeka nei kuti kupatsanura pakati chinhu kuchiteshi.

Pakati rakajairika - kugadzwa. Nokudaro, sleepers akakamurwa avo vari zvakagadzirirwa:

- chikuru njanji 1 2 kana Zvinokonzerwa 3 Rd akapa kuti avo motokari hwemapfupa kupfuura mamiriyoni 5 matani /? Km pagore, kana zvitima kushanda pane imwe kumhanya kwazvo 100 km / h.

- huru nzira 3 uye 4 makirasi, mukana (ndichibvunza basa), marshalling, uye receiving-- dzemapurisa;

- chero nenzira kwakakonzerwa kirasi 5, kusanganisira chiteshi, kuti semhosva yakaderera arambe achirema, uyewo dzimwe, kuti vari pedyo shunting aina-mhando kufamba inozivikanwa.

Akapiwa dzakasiyana-siyana mumutsetse kana kushandiswa, ukuwo, I, II uye III mhando sleepers. Nezvavo akagadzawo, zvokuti kwezvipimo zviratidzo.

mwando chikonzero

The chaiyo yakawanda njanji sleepers zvakaitwa namatanda kungaenderana pamusoro padanho mwando tigutsikane. Zvinorevei? Chokwadi kuti nhengo zvinokosheswa inoshandawo kuti mwando isingadariki 22%. Kana nhamba iyi kupfuura yakanatsa kukosha, kukura chisungo anofanira kubatwa anodiwa Kushivirira shrinkage. Its ukoshi kunobva mhando yamatanda - softwood kana hardwood. A yakafanana chinodiwa inowanikwawo chokuita muchinjikwa zvikamu rinoumba njanji ukama.

Tolerances encombrements rinoumba sleepers

sleepers saizi anogona tsaukai mitemo kusimuka hurumende mitemo, ari kuwanda zvinogamuchirika tsika. Achitaura kureba - iri 20 neMM, ukobvu - 5 mm. Uyewo, pane tolerances, correlated kuti noupamhi dura, kukwirira mativi, chinhambwe pakati nekiyi uye zvokutsauka kwavo hunyambiri akabatana ari akarara.

Kwezvipimo hukuru emapuranga sleepers

Funga zvino, chokwadi, chii chingava kukura emapuranga njanji sleepers (njanji), zvichienderana nemhando.

Maererano njanji zvezvidzidzo mhando Ini, ipapo tsika vanofanira kuva:

- ukobvu - 180 mm (shiviriro 5 mm);

- kureba sawn kumativi - 150 mm;

- upamhi pamusoro rukoko - 180-210 mm;

- noupamhi rezasi rukoko - 250 mm (shiviriro 5 mm);

- urefu - 2750 mm (ari kubvumirwa kuchinja-siyana 20 mm).

Achitaura muvati mhando II, kukura kwayo zvinofanira kusangana zvinotevera nzira:

- ukobvu - 160 mm (shiviriro 5 mm);

- kureba sawn kumativi - 130 mm;

- upamhi pamusoro rukoko - 180-210 mm;

- noupamhi rezasi rukoko - 230 mm (imwe kubvumirawo zvimwe 5 mm);

- urefu - 2750 mm (akabvumidza kusiyana mukati 20 mm).

Uyewo, ivo sleepers ose mhando III ngaafadze zvinotevera nzira:

- ukobvu - 150 mm (kutsauka akabvumira iri 5 mm);

- kureba sawn kumativi - 105 mm;

- upamhi pamusoro rukoko - 140-190 mm;

- noupamhi rezasi rukoko - 230 mm (imwe kubvumirawo zvimwe 5 mm);

- urefu - 2750 mm (akabvumidza kuchinja-siyana 20 mm).

Saka, isu akaongorora zvinodiwa kuti kukura yematanda njanji sleepers kuti wakaiswa ehurumende mitemo. Asi nemamiriro njanji pane chimwe chinokosha matanda rinoshandiswa pamwe sleepers - transferable mbariro. Ongorora, uyewo zvinodiwa kuti wakasiyiwa mamiriro pachinhu kukura kwavo.

Kukura chinja ukama zvinodiwa

Sezvo kukura sleepers, kuti runoenzanirana manhamba dzamapuranga anotsanangurwa avo mhando. Nhandare nokuti kupatsanura pakati chinhu pamusoro njanji Makwara ndiwo vashoma. Pakati kiyi, sezvo ndozvazvakaita pakusarudza ukuru sleepers, - kugadzwa.

Saka, mapuranga zvinogona kushandiswa:

- on main njanji 1, 2 kana Zvinokonzerwa 3 Rd inozivikanwa motokari arambe achirema kwazvo matani mamiriyoni 50 /? Km pagore, uyewo kumhanya kufamba nezvitima pamusoro 100 km / h;

- on main njanji enzvimbo 2, 3 uye 4 makirasi, mukana (ndichibvunza mashandiro), uyewo kufambira nokugamuchira-kuti varipo vari nhepfenyuro;

- munzira vari pamusana kirasi 5, kusanganisira chiteshi semhosva yakaderera arambe achirema kuwana uye mamwe mashoko ari kufamba shunting-ekisipoti mhando.

Akati nzira anoenderana I, II uye III mhando ufambe ukama.

Sezvo kuna ukama, ine ukoshi mwando chakarurama. Saka, kwezvipimo kukura chinja ukama, dzinoratidzwa mwando anopfuura 22%, dzinofanira kuzokurukurwa panyaya anodikamwa ngaabvumire kuomesa. Sezvakaitika kuna nemitemo nokududza kukura sleepers, muchiitiko ichi chine ukoshi chiri huni kwemarudzi akashandiswa zvaAtemisi mapuranga - hardwood kana softwood. Muchiitiko chokutanga runodiwa zvinodiwa zviri GOST 6782.1-75, rechipiri - vashanyi vakashandisa 6782.2.-75.

Tinodzidza sei uye kana isu akaongorora yematanda sleepers, saizi namazariro correlative wavo mhando.

Kukura chinja ukama ne mhando

Kana totaura mazariro mhando I, maitiro avo vanofanira kutevedza anotevera tsika:

- -180 mm ukobvu (akabvumidza kuchinja mukati 5 mm);

- upamhi pamusoro rukoko - 220 mm (vaikudza), 200 mm (paupamhi);

- noupamhi rezasi rukoko - 260 mm;

- kukwirira sawn divi - 150 mm.

- upamhi danda zvinhu nepropilennym - 300 mm;

Bars II mhando vanofanira zvinotevera unhu:

- -160 mm ukobvu (mukati kubvumirawo zvimwe 5 mm);

- upamhi chapamusoro 220 mm (
), - 175 mm (romuzvarirwo);

- noupamhi rezasi rukoko - 250 mm;

- kukwirira sawn divi - 130 mm.

- upamhi danda zvinhu nepropilennym - 280 mm;

Panyaya mhando III mapuranga akagadza mitemo zvinotevera:

- ukobvu - 160 mm (mukati kubvumirawo zvimwe 5 mm);

- upamhi pamusoro rukoko - 200 mm (paupamhi), 175 mm (romuzvarirwo);

- noupamhi rezasi rukoko - 230 mm;

- kukwirira sawn divi - 130 mm;

- upamhi danda zvinhu nepropilennym - 260 mm.

Kureba mapuranga vakanga penguva zvinogamuchirika tsika

Asi chii vari zviratidzi pakati nokureba kubhawa? Kusiyana nemitemo inodzora kukura emapuranga njanji sleepers (njanji) apo vose tsika kuvimba zvaimirirwa runoenzanirana maatomu akafanana, anoratidza kuzviomesera zvaidiwa mitemo, panyaya mbariro - kureba nzira dzekuziva zvinozivikanwa mhando dzose. Uyezve, mitemo usaisa chairo chakarurama, uye penguva - kubva 3 5.5 metres vane graduations pamusoro 0.25 M ane kutsaudzira havatenderwi pakati 20 mm.

Bridge matanda: specificity Standardization

Saka, isu akatarira chii zvinodiwa wedare kukura emapuranga njanji sleepers (njanji) uye supplementing payo sechivako njanji matanda micheka. Asi pane imwe rokuti inokosha nhengo pakutengeserana. Zviri pamusoro mbariro zambuko. Sezvo mitemo njanji sleepers-chisarudzo, kushingaira chakarurama nokuti chimwe chezvinhu njanji Matandira iri ngadzirambe dziri mudunhu nemitemo. Tichadzidza ichi zvakawanda chaizvo.

The yokunyorera kuvaka zambuko matanda - huni. Kukura kwavo anoenderana imwe parameter - kukura muchinjikwa chikamu, uyewo dzinoshanda zviratidzi kurambirwa. Mukuru chinodiwa kuti matanda - a rectangular chimiro. Relevant zvinhu njanji mitsetse vari muchinjikwa-chikamu:

- 220 X 240 mm;

- 220 kusvika 260 mm.

Zvisinei, Bridge matanda vose mifananidzo, anofanira kuenzana - 3250 mm. Asi maererano Standardization pamusoro tolerances zviratidzi hungasiyana. Saka, nokuti mbariro muchikamu pamuchinjikwa 220 X 240 mm kunonyanyisa kutsauka inogona kubvisa 2 mm (ukobvu) 15 mm (urefu). Achitaura mhando njanji zvinhu zvimwe zviratidzo wechipiri. Saka, nokugadzirisa pakukora kusvika 220 mbariro chikamu pamuchinjikwa 260 mm hadzina inopiwa, uyewo urefu, asi upamhi runoenzanirana kukosha sezvo akatsunga mureza 3 mm.

Zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti chibvumirano mutengi anogona kuitwa nevamwe zvikamu mapuranga - 220 kusvika 280 uye 240 X 300 mm uye kuva kureba 4.2 m.

Sezvakaita pamwe nemitemo inodzora ukuru emapuranga akarara (njanji), kureba zviratidzi zambuko mapuranga yakaiswa kuti zvinhu mukati imwe mwando pamwero. Muchiitiko chino - 20%. Kana zambuko matanda achava yakawanda mwando, zvakakodzera kufunga saizi zvinodiwa pamwe anodiwa Kushivirira shrinkage - maererano GOST 6782.1-75.

Concrete sleepers: kupatsanura

Rinogona kutsiva emapuranga sleepers rinogona Akazadzisa kongiri. zvigadzirwa aya akashandisa pamusoro huru mumigwagwa. Kuwira chikamu pre-akasimbisa. Vari kushandiswa paakapa njanji mhando P75, P65, uye P50. Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda zviri kupatsanura nekongiri sleepers:

- ne mhando chisungo pamwe njanji;

- nokuti howa mudzira;

- ne ane electrically insulating unhu;

- padanho mukugadzira yepamusoro.

Muchiitiko ichi tiri hanya yokutanga chokuratidza - muitiro apo njanji wakaiswa kuti kongiri sleepers. Product miganhu uye mamwe maitiro zvakakosha anotsanangurwa chaiyo pahwaro zvinoitwa kwakakodzera mashandiro. Saka, zvichienderana norudzi aida njanji sleepers ndiwo:

- mhando GW1 aida kuti yoga fastening kushandisa screws nokuramba ari lining pamusoro akarara;

- R2 mhando, akaronga kuti vasingasiyani chisungo nemipande nomukombiyuta aida chisungo kwete chete liner asiwo njanji;

- Nd3 mhando aiendeswa vasingasiyani chisungo nemipande kubudikidza zvakananga kunoita kuti njanji akarara.

Concrete sleepers: kukura uye nezvimwe parameters

Chinonyanya kukosha chokuratidza kuti anosarudza runodiwa parameters kongiri sleepers - basa nayo kuti mumwe kupfuura marudzi.

Saka, kana chiri tai, semhosva SH1, chinofanira kuva zvinotevera unhu:

- runodiwa kure pakati abutment micheto - 2016 mm;

- mufambo pakati nhengo micheto kuguma chigadzirwa - 406 mm;

- nyaya iri pasi-njanji chikamu kukwirira - 193 mm;

- Product nokukwirira pakati chikamu - 145 mm.

Akarara mhando GK2 vanofanira zvinotevera unhu:

- kure mekuparadzanisa abutment micheto - 2016 mm;

- mufambo pakati nhengo micheto kuguma chigadzirwa - 406 mm;

- nyaya iri pasi-njanji chikamu kukwirira - 193 mm;

- Product nokukwirira pakati chikamu - 145 mm.

Sleepers, semhosva R3, vanofanira kusangana zvinotevera nzira:

- kure mekuparadzanisa abutment micheto - 1966 mm;

- mufambo pakati nhengo micheto kuguma chigadzirwa - 359 mm;

- pasi-njanji chikamu kukwirira - 193 mm;

- nokukwirira pakati chikamu - 145 mm.

Ndivo maitiro chikuru iyo, maererano nehurumende mitemo, kunge zvakasimbisa kongiri akarara. miganhu yacho maererano urefu uye upamhi kazhinji wakaiswa - azvaitwa 300 uye 2700 mm. Abnormalities kuti muri nevaya akanyorwa huni zvigadzirwa, kongiri okunze nokuti hurumende mitemo haisi inopiwa. Size njanji sleepers ari zvakakodzera mhando hazvirevi correlative kusiyana ne mwando nezvimwe dzezvakatipoteredza zvinhu.

Noushamwari emapuranga uye Akazadzisa kongiri: commonalities uye misiyano

Ndezvipi zvimwe misiyano zvinogona kucherechedzwa pakati kongiri uye yematanda hwahwo? Chokutanga, chii chinonzi mutsauko, saka kuti sleepers - miganhu. Zviidzo - Zvakakosha dissimilarity yokuona nayo nhengo zvigadzirwa. The mufananidzo emapuranga sleepers - vanenge 80-85 makirogiramu nekongiri - vanenge 270 makirogiramu. Zvezvinotaurwa vaviri kwete yakasiyana. Sleepers, matanda, kukura zvatakaona Akaongorora pakutanga? kare asati Akazadzisa kongiri, asi harisati kurasa kushanda kwayo. Uyezve, vane zvinoverengeka zvinokosha zvakanakira - kamari cost, kudekara chokufambisa, yokutsiva uye zvokufambisa, zadzisa dzigadzikane.