Europe: kare. Countries muna Europe: pamazita

Nhoroondo Europe chinotanga kuwa Western hweRoma muna 476. On matongo guru wehurumende vakaumba fuza umambo akava hwaro kunyika ano Western Europe. History kuWestern Europe rakakamurwa muzvikamu zvina: yeMiddle Ages, ano uye panguva nguva yazvino yaitonga.

Western European Middle Ages

The IV-V AD emakore pamusoro miganhu hweRoma yakatanga kugadzirisa madzinza eGermany. Madzimambo akakwezva Vagari vatsva basa, asingazivi chii basa zvinouraya ravachaitira mugumo wenyika nyika yavo. Zvishoma nezvishoma, uto reRoma ikazadzwa vatama kubva vavasingazivi, uyo munguva mhirizhonga kuti rakazungunusa umambo, kazhinji vakatsunga wokuti pamadzimambo, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange muchirongwa kubvuta masimba, Enthrone evatsigiri yake.

Yakadaro inogara zviitiko zvakatungamirira kuti chokwadi chokuti 476 mutungamiri Odoacer akabviswa yokupedzisira mambo weRoma Romulus Augustus, uye panguva nzvimbo yaimbova Western hweRoma akaumba itsva inoti kuWestern Europe. The Kudeuka uye simba zvikuru kupfuura izvi raiva umambo vaFrank, kuenzana simba woumambo Clovis. Peak maruva chenyika itsva yakasvika apo vechiFrank mambo Charlemagne, uyo akatora musoro mambo mugore 800. yaaiva zvaisanganisira rokuItari munharaunda, chikamu Spain, Saxon nyika. Pokuwa umambo pashure pokufa Karla Velikogo akaronga pakuzadzisa yacho.

Nhoroondo Europe kuMiddle Ages dzinoratidzwa pakagadzwa munyika dzakawanda feudal kwadzinoita kugadzirwa. simba mambo ari tanga kukura kwave simba, asi nokuda nokusimbaradza ari Centrifugal maitiro ose ehurumende vakarambana mumitauro yoga Holdings. Mugore XI-XII emakore kunotanga nokukurumidza kukura maguta, rwakazokura hwaro capitalist kugadzirwa.

nguva itsva

Europe, nhoroondo iyo kunoratidzwa nokukurumidza kumhanya huchangotanga XV-XVII emakore rwakaona chaiyo kuchinja mune socio-zvoupfumi uye enyika ukama pakutanga nokuda pakutanga ari Age of Discovery. Portugal, Spain, akateverwa Netherlands, France akatanga rudzi chaiko kuwanika uye kukunda ndima itsva.

In upfumi bhora, munguva pasi pakudzokorora unotanga nguva vainzi chinyakare kuunganidza guta, kana prerequisites nokuda kwemaindasitiri. Mumwe piyona muchina kugadzirwa vakava England: munyika ino kwatova XVII remakore vakatanga kukurumidza kukura pamwero mukuru indasitiri. Europe, nhoroondo izvo zvichiri havazivi chinhu chakadaro ruzivo ndichibvunza kusimudzira maindasitiri kugadzirwa kunonyanya kukonzerwa kuti Chirungu ruzivo.

The ichikosha kuti Bourgeois nokumukirana

Nhoroondo mutsva Europe iri rinotevera Danho dzinongoita pakutsvaga yokutsiva iri feudal capitalist kwadzinoita kugadzirwa. Mhedzisiro hondo iyi yaiva nyaya yose Bourgeois nokumukirana, iyo richiripo muna XVII-XVIII mazana emakore Europe. Nhoroondo nokumukirana izvi hunonyatsobatana kusvikira matambudziko absolutist hwoudzvinyiriri iri kutungamirira nyika yacho - England uye France. Pokugadzwa kwakakwana simba namambo akasangana mitsipa nemishonga kubva yechitatu bwedu - mumaguta bourgeoisie, izvo zvaida zveupfumi uye enyika norusununguko.

pfungwa idzi uye zvinotarisirwa veboka idzva zvinoratidzwa itsva tsika sainzi mukati - dzidzo, vane vamiririri ndikaisa mberi pfungwa echimurenga zviri mambo kuitwa vanhu, dzinongoitika kodzero, etc. dzidziso idzi uye pfungwa vava Pfungwa panobva Bourgeois nokumukirana. Wokutanga chimurenga yakadaro yakaitika muNetherlands ari XVI remakore, uye ipapo muEngland XVII remakore. The French Revolution of XVIII remakore kwakaratidza mudariro mutsva socio-zvoupfumi uye enyika pave Western Europe, nekuti ayo kosi nomutemo chakagumisa feudal maitiro uye pave zvokuvhoterwa.

Western nyika dzokuEurope dziri XIX remakore

Kunzwisisa zvinoreva Napoleonic Wars kuziva zvakajairika mapatani, iyo yakatanga muna emakore kare vaiona. Kunyika Europe zvachose rwayo mushure Congress of Vienna muna 1815, rinorondedzerwa nemiganhu itsva uye nharaunda kunyika dzokuMadokero European.

On the yakaoma, hazvina rakaparidzirwa musimboti Mvumo, zvinoda Board chepamutemo Dynasties. Zvisinei, zvavakawana vechimurenga uye Napoleonic hondo vakasiya chiratidzo kwavo nyika dzokuEurope. Capitalist kugadzira, pakusikwa pamwero mukuru maindasitiri, rinorema indasitiri akaunzira munhandare imwe kirasi itsva - the bourgeoisie, iyo zvino yakanga kuona zveupfumi asiwo enyika kukura kwete chete. Europe, nhoroondo zvakatemwa kubudikidza kuchinja socio-zvoupfumi idzodzo, akatanga itsva nzira okukura, iyo wagadzirirwa nokumukirana muFrance, kuchinja Bismarck muGermany, kubatanidzwa Italy.

XX remakore munhoroondo Western Europe

Remakore idzva kwakaratidzwa zvinotyisa nehondo mbiri dzenyika, izvo zvakare zvakatungamirira nokuchinja mune mepu yacho kondinendi. Panopera hondo yokutanga muna 1918 vakaputsanya zvikuru umambo, uye panzvimbo yavo inoti itsva dzakaumbwa. Vakatanga kuva blocs nemauto-enyika, vakazochinja vakaita mutsindo basa Second World War, huru zviitiko yakaitika musi Soviet-German mberi.

Pashure wake kudzidza Western Europe rava springboard nokuda capitalist musasa uchirwisana Soviet Union. Pane vakasikwa zvakadai enyika makuru akadai seChechi NATO uye Western European Union zvinopesana ari Warsaw chibvumirano.

Western nyika European nhasi

Nokuti kunyika Western Europe akagamuchira kunyika 11: Belgium, Austria, Great Britain, Germany, Ireland, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Netherlands, Switzerland, France. Zvisinei, nezvikonzero zvematongerwe enyika pazvinhu izvi akaita zvinosanganisirawo Finland, Denmark, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Greece.

Muzana XXI remakore haizi pachitsuwa akaramba muitiro vakananga kusangana enyika uye zvoupfumi. The European Union, nharaunda Schengen kukonzera kubatanidzwa rinoti muminda siyana. Zvisinei, mazuva ano pane Centrifugal zvinotarisirwa dzinoverengeka inoti vanoda kutevera yakazvimirira mutemo, zvisinei Mutongo European Union. Ekupedzisira ezvinhu anoratidza vachiwedzera zvakakomba kuzvipokanidza euro rokufambira, ayo kuwedzerwa pezvakaitwa kutama kuti awedzera mumakore achangopfuura.