2 Firipi, Mambo Spain: nhoroondo youpenyu uye mhuri. dzinonakidza zvinhu

Philippe 2 - Spanish King. Brief Biography mutongi inoratidza despotism uye kuomarara kwounhu hwake. In iyi rokutonga kwake - apo nyika pamusoro simba.

Philip 2 Spanish nhoroondo

Paitonga ichi mambo - 1527-1598 gg. Philip 2 Spanish aiva ani? Madzitateguru mutongi - Charles V uye Isabella pakati Portugal. Akaberekwa muna Valladolid mambo ramangwana. Pakashanya kuna yavo Germany, Netherlands Italy, remangwana mambo pakarepo akanzwa kuvengana vanotongwa. Zvadaro, yakawiriranwa kusanzwisisa yavo aiwedzerwa ndechokuti mubati haana kuziva zvakanaka chero mutauro kunze Castilian.

udiki

2 Spanish Philip akapedza ake uduku muna Castile. baba vake aiva mambo weRoma uye nhaka kuna Hapsburg kundima. Kubvira 1516, Charles V akanga mambo Spain. Akatonga, vakaenda North Africa uye Europe. Valladolid uye Toledo aiva maguta makuru ros Kuvshinov 2 Spanish. Mhuri zvakaoma akaona baba vake. Affairs ehurumende akarayira kuti Charles V aigara aripo ari mundima pasi pake. Philip apo akafa mai vake, akanga asiri 12. Mumakore okutanga akatanga rudo zvakasikwa. Hove, kuvhima, kushanyira zvisikwa akava avo sika umo norunyararo Firipi 2 Spanish. The asanyanya ari mambo akatanga kuratidza mangwanani zvakakwana. Kubva muduku aikudzwa nokuda umwari, rudo mimhanzi. Zvevapi vamazano vakaroverera maari kuda kuverenga. raibhurari yake yaiva 14 zviuru. Bhuku.

Sumo kuti mutemo

Philip 2 Spanish (mufananidzo reproductions pamusoro Portraits izvo akapa munyaya) yakatanga maonero ake ezvematongerwo enyika pamwe zvakananga kubatanidzwa kwababa vake. Pasinei refu asipo uye zvisingawanzoitiki kunoona musha, Charles V akaedza munhu, kuburikidza tsamba uye mirayiridzo inokosha kurayiridza mwanakomana wake utariri nyaya. baba vake nguva dzose aitaura pamusoro kukuru basa enyika, tinofanira kuvimba naMwari. Charles akadana mwanakomana wake proportionality uye zvakaenzana pazvisarudzo vakakurudzirwa kudzivirira kutenda yekare, kwete kuti kubvumira vanyengeri chero zvodini.

The kutanga kwekupwanyiwa kudzora

Panguva yokutanga regency wake (pamwe 1543 musi 1548 gg.) Philip 2 Spanish chainyanya kukosha chiitiko hurumende. It akatsigira mutyairi muromo Board. Uyezve, nguva dzose akabvunza baba vake, chikwata nyaya zhinji naye. Panguva iyi, Philip 2 Spanish Aishumira Dual basa. Chokutanga, akaita mutoro regent. Mundima iyi, vachitevera enyika mubereko, akaroora muna 1543 Mariya - mwanasikana mutongi Portugal. Chechipiri, Philip 2 Spanish aifanira nyatsotarira kwazvo zvose zvinoitika Germany. Panguva iyoyo, huru chiito munzvimbo iyi kuitwa nababa vake. Philip, zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti kukwanisa vanounganidzira pfuma Spain mamwe dzinodhura negwaro. Muna muna 1547, Charles V akakunda nevaPurotesitendi. nguva ino chakaratidza Kesari pamukwidzwa kukwirira kwesimba raro.

Kusvika muna Germany

Kuitika munharaunda umambo zviitiko, uyewo kuti mwanakomana wake Ferdinand (munun'una Charles), waiporofita vatongi tsitsi kuna vaPurotesitendi, baba waFiripi vakabvumira maonero kuti inguva yokugadzirira wenhaka pachigaro. Akaudzwa kuti vauye Netherlands uye Germany. Makore 1548-1559 akanga ari rakaisvonaka chikoro wechidiki woumambo European upenyu enyika. In kuwa 1548, Philip 2 Spanish akaenda Italy. On munzira Akagara navaranda vake zviuru zviviri muMilan, kuGenoa, Trient, Mantua. Akabva akayambuka Alps, akashanyira Heidelberg, Homan, Munich. Via Luxembourg, akaenda kuna kweBrussels, apo akasangana nababa vake.

Kujairirana Netherlands

rwendo muduku mambo wacho Akaperekedzwa vakawanda mitambo uye mazororo, umo kupfuura basa chikamu wakatora Firipi 2 - Mambo Spanish. Brief Biography izere zvakasiyana siyana zviitiko. Saka, kubva July 1550 kusvikira May 1551-vakasuwa aivapo panguva Diet pamusoro Augsburg. Pano namambo akasangana Ferdinand (babamunini wake) uye mwanakomana wake - Maximilian. Muna 1549, Philip kuzoona Netherlands. Kunyatsoziva nyika, akadzidza anzwisisa. Aivigirwa kubva Netherlands zvakaitika zvikuru mavakirwo mumapaki uye zvivako kuti gare gare Phillip aakavaka Spain. In kuronga zvivako uye ensembles ari mambo akatora zvakananga chikamu. Special Vanofadzwa akakonzera namambo kupenda. Nokukurumidza, muunganidzwa wake kukasawedzerwa pamwe mifananidzo yevanhu vaiva Artists. Mifananidzo Bosch kwakaita oga, paiva 40.

Kurasikirwa Charles V simba

Muna 1551 Firipi akadzokera Spain nokuda 3 years. Kubva ipapo, akaedza kuita yayo, kutsigira baba vake kwazvakarerekera wamachinda German. Zvisinei, Carl uye, naizvozvovo, mwanakomana wake akarasikirwa simba muumambo hwacho. Ferdinand uye Maximilian vakakwanisa kudzivirira zvavanoda muGermany pamusoro Habsburg mutsetse akava, nenzira, zvino Spain. Pakupedzisira, Charles aifanira kupa imperatorstvo. Kunyange zvakadaro, akakwanisa kuwana Firipi nezvinhu muItaly uye Netherlands. Territory neyokupedzisira, iye akafunga rimwe sokuronga kudzivirirwa muchato kuti mwanakomana Marii Tyudor, uyo akanga akura zvikuru kupfuura iye. Kuti aite izvi, Philip akagamuchira umambo Naples. Mukomana mambo kuLondon.

Pakafa baba vake uye mukadzi

A gore pashure zviitiko utano Charles kwakaita hwaipa zvatsanangurwa pamusoro. Apa mwanakomana wake, kutanga Netherlands uye ipapo kuSpain. The baba akanyorera mwanakomana wake mirayiridzo muna 1558, muna September, haana kufa kwemamwe makore maviri. Mwedzi miviri gare gare, Mary Tudor akafa. Izvi zvose akabvumira Philip kudzoka muna 1559 kuSpain. The mambo akanga '33. Nhamo muupenyu hwake pachake, wemakore gumi nemashanu enyika ruzivo akamuitira akura murume. Philip 2 Spanish sezvo pasina mutongi European, akanga akagadzirira kugamuchira mutoro mugumo kworudzi rwavo.

woumambo zvinangwa

Chii mutongi aiva Firipi 2 Spanish? Brief Biography pamusoro mambo kunoratidza kuti ainzwisisa kukosha ivepo, basa pamberi paMwari pachake ruponeso rwemweya vaanotonga. Chinangwa chake chikuru chaiva kuchengetedzwa nokuwedzera Hapsburg zvinhu kumba, ichipa kudzivirira Turkish vachirwisa, containment of Reformation, kurwisana nevatsigiri vayo kuburikidza kuchinja yeRoma Church. Munzira dzakawanda dambudziko yaakaisa pachake, zvinoenderana avo vakasarudza baba vake. Asi panguva imwecheteyo zvakanga ndiyewo specificity enyika, iyo inoitwa naFiripi 2 Spanish. Mambo, kusiyana baba vake, vakatonga nyika kunonyanya kubva dzokugara zvechigarire. Paaigara pachigaro choushe, iye waiva nemakore 2 chete okuberekwa vakauya Portugal pashure accession pachigaro muna 1580, Charles V dzose mumabasa rutsigiro rwemauto. Philip aiva Spanish yakasiyana chaizvo 2. King akatuma rutsigiro rwemauto vake vemauto.

kuchinjwa dzokugara

Muna 1561, Philippe vakatamira Madrid. With 1563 musi 1568 tevere rakadzikwa Escorial. Rakanga muzinda wokufananidzira simba. Iri dzokugara, munhu dynastic guva uye wemamongi. With kuchinjwa nechepakati Kutarisirwa uye ake mudare mambo akaziva zvakanga akatopera muEngland uye France. Kubvira ipapo, Madrid akatanga kutora unhu guru.

manyorerwe hurumende

Philip zvakajeka akatevera zano baba vake, vachiedza nechokwadi kuti hakuzovi novimba nomumwe vezvemitero. Kazhinji, manyorero kwake anogona kunzi bureaucratic uye anomanikidza. Vashoma nhengo vakakwirira mwoyo musimboti kudzora dzaishandiswa nokuda sarudzo vemauto uye vatorwa negwaro nezvinangwa. Mumwe ava Somuenzaniso, akanga ari Duke pamusoro Alba. Grand Philippe 2 Spanish akaisa basa nhume pa matare European. Panguva iyoyo iye inobvisa kubva nechepakati kuzvidzora. kuzobatsira vanamukoti Key dzaiwanzova magweta, masayendisiti dzaiwanzova chinzvimbo pakunamata. Vazhinji vavo vakanga vakadzidza vaikudzwa mumakoreji uye mumayunivhesiti pamusoro Castile.

Tips

Vakaita sevanhu anokosha chidhiraivho. Tips vakashanduka kubva pamazuva vatongi Catholic. Karl V rukwane maumbirwo yavo. Chikamu mitumbi akapiwa kumbonyanya capacious mabasa. Kunyanya, State Council yakasarudza kupfuura dzinokosha vatorwa mutemo, ivo Financial Board akanga basa riparadzirwe mari. Apo Philippe nhengo muchengeti muchiuto mune zvematongerwo enyika pakupedzisira kuumbwa. Munyika kugona hunogadzwa 1483, Council of Raibvunzurudza. Yakava kiyi nechepakati simba maumbirwo pasi Philip. Other Advisory miviri rusununguko vakawanda remunharaunda kugona. Somuenzaniso, munyika nokuita mazano Aragon, Castile, mhiri kwemakungwa kundima. Muna 1555 iye akamira yakazvimirira muviri mutariri remabasa Italy. In weboka chidzoke matambudziko matsva akasika Philippe 2 Spanish Netherlands Tips nePortugal. Collegial miviri rusununguko kwawo, zvemitemo uye administrative masimba. zvivako izvi aibatsira mambo ari mhinduro dzakasiyana-siyana nyaya uye zvaishandiswa exchange maonero.

Nheyo pamwe chete nevane simba

Philip iri Kashoma chipo panguva Council pamusangano. Kazhinji vanobva hurongwa zvinopa gwaro zvisarudzo achinyora muchimiro audzwa. Vanozoshanda vaiva vanyori. Vanodawo nhengo Council. Munguva eighties, vanyori ava vakabatana junta. Chakasimudzira rakavapo pasi Philip rinokosha chidhiraivho. Key nokutaura zvokuverengera ane Advisory zvivako, vanyori nevamwe vakuru vakuru basa rinotungamirirwa nheyo "kamura uye kukunda". The Council ari musangano aparadzane nomumwe. Kazhinji, kunyange vanyori duku denderedzwa revashandi haina zvakazara nezvengozi zvose dzacho.

chitarafu

Philip aisazobvumira machinda hanya mabasa avo. Kana munhu wakaonekwa pakushandisa nzvimbo yake kuti azvipfumise kana kukundikana mabasa, akanga pakarepo kunyimwa pambiru uye akabviswa dare. mugumo akadaro Somuenzaniso, akatambudzika vanyori Antonio Perez uye Francisco de Erazo. Vakanga asungwa. Nguva nenguva Ndakarasikirwa chivimbo uye Duke pamusoro Alba nokuda kwesimba muNetherlands. Asungwa uye Don Carlos - mwanakomana Philip. mugari wenhaka rufu akaponesa nyika kubva kwakadzika dambudziko, vavatorwa uye mudzimba. Zvinokosha kucherechedza ruzhinji kuchema kwakamuka panguva zviitiko izvi. Vakararama Philip haana kwekanguva kumbopikisa kuti mambo wacho nokutsunga akakonzera kudiwa ehurumende kudzivirira dynastic zvido. Panguva iyoyowo, iyo Rigidity mubati zvakagadzirira enyika anoparadzirwa raparurwa nesangano vavengi. MuEurope, izvozvo akaenda pasi zita legenda negra. Zvisaririra awo hwaro mabasa evanyori German Schiller ( "Don Carlos"), H. Mann, Thomas Mann.

Revolution muNetherlands

The kumukira kwakanga kukonzerwa kuti zviito Philip. Iye rigorously vakasuma uye akasimbisa Raibvunzurudza muNetherlands. Awedzera kutambudzwa vaMuslim, maprotestant uye vaJudha. Dutch akavenga mambo. All nayo anogamuchira zvichemo anokumbira akapindura akarayira kupwanya Vatsauki, achiratidza tsitsi. Mumakore 1565-1567 kwokumukira akakura. Zvino Firipi akatuma Alba - mumwe mukuru vemauto. vatsivi vake vose kugona kuyanana Netherlands. Philip aigara mhosva chero nzwisisa. Akanga agere yaaigara uye kubva ikoko akatumira tsamba mirairo proteges ake. Muna 1581 iri States-General mu The Hague, zvakaziviswa kuti Firipi kunyimwa yavo muNetherlands. Panguva iyoyo pamusoro pamambo popped England.

"Risingakundiki armáda"

Pakafa mudzimai wake wokutanga Marii Kuvshinov aida kumuroora mutsivi Elizabeth. Zvisinei, yokupedzisira akaramba kuroorwa. Sezvo Dutch kubudirira kukura Elizabeth akaratidza zvimwe tsitsi mabasa avo. Mushingi Frensis Dreyk pasi auspices nokurwiswa hurumende yeBritain kuti pane Spanish pamhenderekedzo. Elizabeth akatumira kuNetherlands rubatsiro - hombe simba inifanduri uye atirari. Uyewo, Philip akasarudza nokukurumidza mutsindo nokurova. Muna 1588, akatumirwa kuna Chirungu kumhenderekedzo kukuru flotilla - "armáda". Asi pamushandirapamwe, zvikepe zvinenge zvose (kwaiva 130) vakarasika nedutu uye pakurwisa ngarava muvengi. Rugare Elizabeth uye Firipi haana akagumisa. Asati afa nyika akashoropodzwa British. Spanish yepfuma akaneta. Pakanga pasina mari kunyange kusika kanenge chiduku kudzivirira rengarava.

zvizvarwa

Nokuti nguva bhodhi kanokwana akaroora Philip 2 Spanish. vana vake vakanga kwomurume. mwanakomana wokutanga - Don Carlos - wakaberekwa Maria Portugal. Akafa mushure kwaita dangwe munyika. By mudzimai wake wechipiri - Marii Tyudor - vana Firipi akanga asiri. Panguva iyoyowo Don Karlos akafa dzisinganzwisisike ezvinhu zvakakwana. Zvinozivikanwa kuti akatambura kubva chirwere chepfungwa. In muchato retatu Izabelloy Valua mwanasikana akaberekwa. Mumwe wavo aiva mutemo iri Southern Netherlands. Zviri Philip akaedza kuita mambokadzi France. Kana mugari wenhaka pachigaro, vakava chete mwanakomana namambo. 3 Philip akaberekerwa mumba pamwe Anne Austria. Pakutanga zvakanga dzaizopiwa Dona Karlosa. Tinoziva kubva munhoroondo kuti Firipi 2 kakawanda achinja mistresses ake. hondo dzakawanda, zvoutsinye pachinhu kuchinjanisa uye basa vemo nemhaka yezvavanotenda kunge wakaparadza kamwe mupfumi nyika, iyo yaitongwa Philip 2 Spanish. End upenyu aakapedza ari kutambura. Akava gout.

unhu kupima

YechiPurotesitendi uye Catholic vanyori zvaizobatsira Firipi 2 chose zvakasiyana. Wokutanga akarondedzera woumambo sezvo ropa romugungwa, Kutaura kwairi dzakasiyana-siyana urema. Zvisinei, zvinosimbisa ayo kusingafadzi, chinosemesa chitarisiko. Muchivanze gavhuna pakanga pave nokusavimbana. State Kutarisira akaperekedza zvakaipa wezvakashata. Panguva iyoyowo, Philip aiva vaichengetedza uye connoisseur ounyanzvi. Panguva yokutonga kwake, mabhuku, kupenda ruzivo ayo yendarama zera. Zvaive munguva iyi zvakazivikanwa nyika El Greco, Lope of Vega. Maruva mberi kusvikira yechipiri yezana remakore rechi17. Firipi kuunganidza zvakanga zvisingawanzoitiki mifananidzo yose Europe. Takatodzidza ataurwa rudo rwake mabhuku. raibhurari yake akanga kwanisa Copernican zvinyorwa Erasmus. Pasinei kuneta pakati chefuma pakazopera Firipi upenyu, nyika yaanotonga vakapinda munyika nhandare ave simba mamiriro. Muzviitiko zvakawanda iyi anosimudzirwa mutemo baba namambo wacho - Charles V. Zvisinei, kusavimbana, kunyumwira, utsinye, Philip 2 vakaparadza nyika.