Biathlon pfuti: mhando uye unhu

Of mhando dzose mitambo chando kazhinji kuziva zviviri zvikuru zvinoshamisa. Hockey ichi uye biathlon. The Soviet Union, uye ipapo Russia, vagara vaidada zvomutsa dzavo uye kubudirira mumitambo iyi. Get kanenge chete Kharlamov mu Hockey kana Tikhonov (mana nguva Olympic shasha) ari biathlon. With Hockey giya akajeka - skates, tsvimbo, nengowani. With biathlon zvakawanda zvinonakidza uye anokwezva, nokuti chokwadi chiri mutambo mbiri - Skiing uye kupfura. uyewo panyaya zvokushandisa zvose nokuda sangano zvakajeka: chikuru chinhu - fembera kuti mafuta kusvikira okunze, asi pamwe chombo biathlete, inova pfuti, hakusi nyore. Party kuti chakaoma kusarudza kuti zvizivikanwe somugumisiro Kubudirira uku kunobva kupfura. Naizvozvo ruzivo Vamhanyi wakanyatsokodzera kwazvo kuti kusarudza zvombo. Uye sokunge biathlon pfuti? Fungidzira zvichaita aendeswe kuna muverengi afunge mu gare gare munyaya. Panguva ino, tiri kuita zvishoma karwendo kupinda munhoroondo uye tione kana uye mumamiriro ezvinhu akaita kuti zvemitambo zvombo mhando iyi.

A Nhoroondo shoma

Pakapera Hondo Yenyika II vaiva zvikuru nevanhu muchiuto patrol, chaizvoizvo zvakanga zvikabva yazvino biathlon. Equipment panguva kuva kwakajairika Army kurwisa Mosin pfuti, izvo zvakazara kunyange akaenda bhayoneti. Panzira, vakanga mubasa nehondo eSoviet munguva yehondo pamwe Germany.

Shure kwehurukuro huru, International Olympic Committee, muna 1960, pakava-refu akamirirwa debut mabasa biathlon panguva Winter yeOlympic. For vakwikwidzi Soviet Kalashnikov Kunetseka kune experimental kugadzira wakabudiswa pfuti "Biathlon-59." Biathlon pfuti pamberi yakanga panguva diopter. Zvinonzi zvakare vakapakata inotakurika anosungira uye anodzivirira butiro chaiyo. Weight biathlon pfuti apo kwaisava inodzorwa.

Course pamusoro mazuvaano uye uvandudze pamusoro

Mushure Winter yeOlympic muna 1960, zvombo mugadziri Sherstyakov, kunobva Mosin pfuti, kubudisa chombo itsva kuti biathlon. Mharidzo, izvo zvakazoita somugumisiro, chikaita mushanduro maviri, uye wakange ane zita, zvichienderana caliber "Biatlon Bi-7,62" uye "Biatlon Bi-6,5 '(cartridges kwazviri aiva kukura 7,62 mm uye 6.5 neMM, ukuwo).

Kushandiswa ichi chombo inoiswa biathletes Soviet yokutanga Olympic kubudirira, kunyanya Vladimir melanin, muna 1964 Winter yeOlympic muna Innsbruck akakwanisa kuhwina wokutanga menduru yegoridhe iri biathlon.

Mukutanga manonwe anotanga "Biathlon B-4" kusunungurwa pfuti itsva, kupfura kwakanga akatakurwa kunze rimfire zvombo. Muenzaniso aiva yekudyidzana yakaderera uremu. utsva Next akasunungurwa chete gore pashure nokubudiswa yapfuura, uye vaiva zita "Biathlon Bi-5." Vachiridzira chaiitirwa cartridges huru yehondo akatora caliber 5.6 mm. Ndizvo chete pfuti iyi mudungwe yendarama mana nguva Olympic shasha Aleksandra Tihonova.

vakwikwidzi zvombo

Kwete chete muSoviet Union vakakwanisa kuita zvombo biathlon. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa uye vagadziri dzavatorwa. The yakakurumbira vakawanda makambani akadai "Anschutz" uye "Walter" kubva kuGermany, "Sako" akaita muFinland uye yeAustria "Staer Mannlicher."

"Anschutz" zvikuru kuzivisa uye untwisted biathlon pfuti. Yakanga utungamiriri ichi kambani akakurukura chikwata yokuGermany Army Biathlon kutanga pfuti kuti biathlon, izvo zvichaita kuti zvakazara kuronga vatambi German maererano nzira dzakadai kurerukirwa uye hazviiti simba. Saka, kuti asike zvombo zvitsva nechokuita yakanakisisa duku-caliber pfuti, iyo panguva iyoyo yaiva "Antshutts-54", tichikwanisa pasi maloimpulsnogo katuriji nechepakati kuvesa, aiva .222 caliber.

Changing kukoshesa

1978 anonzi chiitiko chinokosha kukura biathlon. Yezwi duku-caliber zvombo akaita mutambo nyore uye kwakapararira. Zvino initiator kuti chiitiko ichi chinokosha ndiye German rakasimba "Anschutz", iro anogadzwa nevanhu vomunyika yake uye kuvakwa zvombo zvakadaro. Countries ane vatambi vaiva vakanakisisa mutambo, kureva Soviet Union, Norway, Finland, uye United States aisada kurasikirwa nzvimbo dzavo munyika biathlon uye kutama kubva zvombo remauto diki-caliber.

Naizvozvo, nokuda vhoti, rakanga raitwa kuti kutamira caliber mutsva, paiva vatsigiri zvikuru vanoshingaira pamusoro chombo itsva. Uye ipapo akaitwa "tyisidzira enyika" pamusoro yeAustria Bato vakaramba kubata World Cup muna biathlon muna 1978, kana zvombo zvitsva haazogamuchirwi kupinda basa. nhengo nhatu vanovhotera kuchinja sarudzo yavo yepakutanga, uye nengaidzo iri miromo yesimbi muchifarira muenzaniso itsva.

Nokudaro, mugadziri German uye vatambi dzinopaza vatungamiri venyika biathlon, mumwe nomumwe munzvimbo yavo. Kuvakwa mureza mitambo zvombo mhando: guru anofanira kanenge 3.5 makirogiramu, caliber pfuti biathlon - 5.6 neMM, zvakawanda soMunyengetero .22lr. Zvombo anofanira kuva rimfire.

Mugumisiro yezwi duku-caliber chombo aiva kuderera kure kuti kunanga -. Zvino 50 M biathletes German rutsvene manomwe mapfumbamwe Medals goridhe panguva Biathlon World Championships muna 1978, yakaitirwa pasi mitemo mitsva. Murairidzi Musoro USSR Alexander Privalov, aimbova mubayiro weNobel maviri Olympic Games, akapomera ngwavaira chokupika national chikwata of USSR asingadi kutsiva nezvombo, uye vakashandisa skis imwe mhando itsva uye kururama vachiwirirana girisi.

Zvakakwana Kupindura kuchinja mitemo

Gunsmiths uye vagadziri pana Izhmash (Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant) kukurumidza akatanga pfuti itsva "Biathlon B-6," izvo inoshandisa pomukombero-moto cartridges, maererano nezvinodiwa itsva.

Zvakavanzika yakadaro nokukurumidza kusunungurwa zvombo zvitsva zvinotsanangurwa zvikuru banal: zvakafanana kumavambo 60s, uchishandisa nemhaka Mosin pfuti, ivhu "Biathlon Bi-7.62" uye "Biathlon-Bi 6,5" kunge kwakatanga, uye nguva ino vagadziri apedza shanduro "Ural-5-1" uye "Ural-6-1" uye vakasikwa zvakadzama mazuvaano "Biathlon Bi-6".

chivhorovhoro mudziyo

Air pfuti biathlon anenge saizvozvo vagadziri zvose uye akasiyana chete chimiro chakaita dzakabatana uye rwakati nzvimbo. Chero zvazvingava, misiyano ose yaidzorwa uye zvakasimba kudzorwa. Biatlonnaya pfuti, izvo mudziyo chinosanganisira mureza zvinoriumba uye zvenhengo ane mudende, bhokisi yematanda, suwo rukungiso kuona uye chitoro. Magadzirirwo anobvumira garo kana vaifanira kuchinja Linear kukura nokuwedzera okuwedzera zvisimbiso. Unofanira bhandi kuti biathlon nepfuti. Pachirehwa chete mukwende shanduro, sezvo chinoshanda zvikuru kuita. Kuona biathlon pfuti anofanira chete kuva diopter, kushandisa imwe Manyiminya unorambidzwa.

Somunhu mumwe nomumwe zvinogona kugadziridzwa uye kugadziridza nezvimwe zvikamu pfuti Somuenzaniso, "dama" (yokumusoro chikamu garo) uye ngaasungirire ane chiredzo nokuda muchipfuramabwe. Nhongonya vakawanda maoko zvinogona kugadziridzwa nokuwedzera kana achidzikisa BALANCInG zviyereso. Rapid overcharging pfuti, pasina kuchinja nzvimbo mutambi anoitwa Via imwe crank mashandiro kuti dzevhudzi Upfu akaberekera Via kutwasuka nematemo kutenderera.

Protective cover kuzadzikisa basa ravo kudzivirira ose mudende mugero kusvibiswa, chombo kuona uye kufanoona. Pamasikiro shutter mashandiro optimally kuchinja kudzvanya simba, kufambisa chikungiso kuti chikungiso, uyewo hunhu anoburukira pasina disassembly zvombo. Kubva pakaita biathlon mitemo yayo yave akabvumirana: ngatitaurei chete zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope longitudinally kutenderera bhaudhi biathlon pfuti, uye chete pashure zviitiko 1978 mvumo kushandisa yokutevedzera nedzimwe pamasikiro mashandiro.

Shutter Structure makasimba "Anschutz"

Mumwe boka, riri basa mukugadzira zvemitambo nepfuti, vanova uye pave chombo chesuwo rayo chivako. The mugadziri German kuti "Anschutz" anoshandisa shutter, magadzirirwe rakanga yakatanga muna 1935, nguva dzose nani nayo.

Vasati 1984, zvose zvombo zvizivikanwe anogadzirwa nokushandiswa STRUCTURAL zvinhu pamwe muhombe mashandiro. Pashure 1984 gunsmith P. Fortner dzawanikwa pfuti shutter mashandiro pasina achinyevera, uye magadzirirwo ichi rinoshandiswa pamusoro mienzaniso dzose kambani "Anschutz" kusvikira nhasi. A pachena kuchiitwa mano aya zvakawanda tsindirana kukura, kusavapo lugs hunodiwa mukuru-magumo cartridges.

Reloading pfuti akaita nyore chaizvo, nezvigunwe zviviri: indekisi munwe kudhonza mubato, kuti cocking ari shutter, uye ayo neizvi nokutsikirira pasi seri mashandiro ari thumbs. Uyewo, rakavimbika chombo kana recharging sei ejector uye inofashaira, izvo wakakodzera nepurani yavo yakavimbika kuita mabasa avo yakaderera mhepo tembiricha.

Other mavharuvhu mazano

Finns ndivo vokutanga kushandisa mutsva shutter nemagadzirirwo muenzaniso Finnbiathlon, kugadzirwa nevanhu Tampeeren Asepaja. The mashandiro ane longitudinally-zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope nokukurumidza, uye kwete kutendeuka.

Zvichitevera vari Soviet Union rinowanikawo biathlon pfuti "B-7", mumwe shutter chine chete mamiriro. Zvinofanira kuzivikanwa zvemashoko kunoshamisa zvombo wakachenjera Susloparova. Akakwanisa munguva pfupi kugadzirira kutora nzvimbo muMoscow Olympics kumumvuri "B-7-2", iro akaramba kukura zvemitambo zvombo yakakurumbira dzinoti "Biathlon". Vachitaura servicesactiopurge ane muenzaniso mutsva, nechekare aizivikanwa Alexander Tikhonov akahwina ake goridhe chechina menduru ari ataure. By panzira, anotevera maviri Winter Olympics biathletes kubva Soviet Union tichibatsirwa ino chaiyo pfuti akatora yegoridhe ataure munhangemutange.

Development nepfuti "Biathlon" dzino

Pahwaro yakakurumbira pfuti "B-7-2" mangwanani 90s dzakabudirira uye vakagamuchira basa biathletes muenzaniso "B-7-3" uye "B-7-4". Ichitanga pezvitsiga ava kugara kuvandudzika upenyu kuchapedza kusvikira Winter yeOlympic Vancouver.

Kubvira 1991, chikuru nokutengesa zvombo kuti-biathlon nevatambi Kalashnikov Kunetseka, akatanga kweShanduro muenzaniso itsva "B-7-2". Shooting kubva biathlon nepfuti pane akatevedzana ari .22lr zvombo caliber rimfire rine, maererano kazhinji akagamuchira mitemo muna 1978. Yokuzviisa imhaka swap zvitoro, tinokwanisa izvo inogara kwenguva dzinenge shanu. Also zvaisanganisira sezvo mureza, uye mamwe zvombo kuti mudziyo, mu uwandu zvidimbu zvitatu. Four zvitoro panguva nhangemutange vari tepi chaiyo wanamatira nepfuti garo.

Nokukiya pakati Upfu Mipata yose pneumatic kunoitika inoshandisa dzidziso-mhikuriso chati.

Mukuru chokuratidza kuti kupfura ari biathlon ndiyo kutsanya recharge zvombo pasina kuchinja nzvimbo biathletes uye kupedza nguva inokosha pamusoro chinangwa chitsva. Pakunamata katuriji mu Upfu nepfuti "B-7-2" kunoitwa reciprocating inofamba nenzira chaiyo mubato. Shutter apo reloading inofamba duku chinhu chakakombama.

The pfuti iri pachena BALANCInG, izvo akagadzirisa nokuwedzera kana nokubvisa corrector zviyereso. Uyewo kuti kuisa chikungiso muedzo uye rukungiso nesitiroko. Dama pamusoro garo uye kureba kwayo dzinotungamirirwa uye vari configured mumwe nomumwe mutambi mumwe sezvo mutambi kubva nyore kana kupfura kunobva kururama. Upfu, pamberi kuona uye parinoperera pfuti vakagadzirira pamwe kutsanya inoshandisa dzidziso chaiyo lids, ane basa chikuru ndiko kudzivirira zvombo kubva chando, tsvina uye imwe tsvina kuti anogona kukanganisa kururama kupfura.

Sezvambotaurwa, kugadzirwa ichi hachizi pfuti ndiyo nguva, uye panguva iyi akanga pasi kunatsiridza uye modernized. Somuenzaniso, nhasi dzakabudisa "B-7-4A" muenzaniso. Tsamba A muzita rinoratidza kuti pfuti iyi ine dhiramu anozivikanwa German makasimba "Anschutz".

Elite chivhorovhoro

Nokuti vapfumi zvinosanganisira mienzaniso, tsika kuti imwe mutambi. Pfuti "B-7-4" repfumbamwe nadzurudzo ane hachizi mubhedha mutsva, izvo zvinogona setup kuti zvinodiwa upi biathlete; itsva shure kuona kubva kukwikwidza rakasimba "Anschutz"; achibhururuka mhete, izvo zvinogona pasi kuchinja. Kuti adzivise ngura uye kuvandudza mabasa mugamuchiri riri pasi Chrome yakanamirwa pamifananidzo uye dhiramu. Zvimwewo mhando aigona nepfuti with "Antshutts 1827", iyo inonzi "zvakanakisisa yakanakisisa" vakundi zhinji uye mubayiro-biathletes.