Nikolai Martynov, akaurayiwa duel M. Yu Lermontova:. Biography

Makore 4 chete pashure Pushkin afa yakadengenyeka Russia akatamba duel pakati M. Yu. Lermontovym uye pamudyandigere Major Nikolai Martynov. Somugumisiro, mudetembi akaurayiwa uye imwe yeboka kuti kurwa kure aine kusungwa mwedzi mitatu-uye sacramental. Kunyange zvazvo rokupedzisira duel Lermontov, uko kwakaguma norufu rwake, kwakatora 175 apfuura, kuchiri kuoma gakava pamusoro kana NS Martynov akapfura panguva munhu pauri pfuti mudenga, kuti ndiyo. E. Kuzvipira nokuponda.

mavambo

Kuti tinzwisise zvinangwa yezviito dzevanhu nani, kuti bara iro hwogumisa pfupi Biography pamusoro M. Yu. Lermontova, vanofanira kudzidza pamusoro wayo mavambo.

Saka, NS Martynov akaberekwa muMoscow kwamachinda. sekuru wake akaita mhanza iri waini akatenga kure, kureva. E., nekuti muripo kubva vehurumende vawana kodzero uraire mutero pamusoro kunwa establishments, chii anotsiviwa chaizvo. Mukupera rechi18 yakanga vaidavira kuti vakuru haafaniri bhizimisi kwakadaro. Zvisinei, Mikhail Ilyich kunyange kunyara naye chaizvo, sokunge kuti kutaura nhasi, bhizimisi zvakadaro aida mwanakomana wake kuti arambe basa rake, sezvo yakapa vachiwana mari. Akadana zita rake, uncharacteristic kuti vanhu mukirasi yake. Saka, Nikolay Solomonovich Martynov, nyika iyo Lermontov pakarepo afa nyaya yokufungidzira hadzina Russian.

Vabereki uye muduku

Baba Martynova Solomon Mihaylovich Martynov akasimuka kuti chinzvimbo State Patson uye akafa muna 1839. Mudzimai wake Elizabeth M. aibva mumhuri inoremekedzeka Tarnowski. Just mhuri Martynovs aiva nevana vasere: 4 vanakomana 4 nevanasikana. Ivo, kunyanya vakomana, vakagamuchira dzidzo yakanaka, vane mari yakakwana kunzwa vakasununguka mune yendarama youth zvakatipoteredza uye zvakasiyana chitarisiko.

Nikolai Martynov akaberekwa muna 1815 uye aiva gore muduku pane Lermontov chete. Kubva pauduku akanga ane tarenda mabhuku basa uye nokukurumidza akatanga kunyora nhetembo, vachitevedzera yakakurumbira vadetembi nguva yake.

kudzidza

Muna 1831, Nikolai Martynov akapinda murindi yechikoro Sub-zviratidzo uye vamabhiza Cadets. Mugore iroro akanga Papera Lermontov. Zvapedzisira akamanikidzwa ikwidzwe chikumbiro kuti kusada Moscow University of kusingafadzi nhoroondo nomumwe mapurofesa, uye muSt Petersburg aisada kuita, nokuti imomo akanga akumbira kuzodzosera kutanga kudzidzisa pamwe weboka rokutanga.

Nikolayev vamabhiza School, waitova vechiduku, aiva mumwe kupfuura nomukurumbira Russia. Zvakatora chete kwamachinda pashure pokudzidza kuyunivhesiti kana muchivande yevanogara muzvikoro, uyo akanga asina kunodzidziswa zvechiuto. Pandaidzidza Lermontov uye Nikolay Solomonovich Martynov nguva pamwe chete fencer pamusoro spadroon uye vakanga chaizvo akajairwa. Mukuwedzera, mudetembi wakatangwa nhengo dzakawanda mhuri Martynov uye mukoma wake Nicholas - Michael - aiva mukirasi yake. Zvadaro, uyewo akanyora kuti rimwe hanzvadzi Nicholas kunyange vakava rutivi kumumvuri Princess Mary. Zvinozivikanwa kuti amai Martynov unflattering chaizvo zvakataurwa pamusoro Lermontov wake bhendesera majee, asi mwanakomana wake akafadzwa pamwe enhetembo netarenda vamwe kukoreji.

hofisi

Panopera zvidzidzo ake Nikolay Martinov akatumwa kushanda zvakakurumbira apo vamabhiza chemazana chehondo, izvo iyi aiva mukuru Dantes. Munguva iyo Caucasian War , iye, akaita vazhinji vezera rake, akaenda kuzvipira pamberi patariro mukurumbira uye kudzokera guru pa chinzvimbo uye zvemaoresa zvechiuto. Ikoko, panguva uto rwendo Caucasian yokuzviparadzanisa mhiri korwizi Kuban, Nikolay Solomonovich Martynov akaratidza kuva vakashinga mukuru. For dhigirii uto rakanga kunyange paakavapa ari Order of St. Anna ane uta, uye akanga ari mashoko akanaka pamwe murayiro.

kurizaina

Mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro kuti Nikolai Martynov vangangodaro tariro basa rinobudirira. Zvisinei, kusvikira ikozvino asingazivikanwe chikonzero muna 1841, apo ari chinzvimbo Major (kuyeuka kuti anenge Lermontov ake panguva yakanga panguva iyoyo chete refutenendi), iye tisingatarisiri tendered kurizaina ake. Zvainzi jaya akamanikidzwa kuzviita, nokuti akatorwa pane kubiridzira panguva mutambo kadhi kuti pakati vakuru kwainzi zvinonyadzisa chaizvo chinonakidza. In nyasha makuhwa akadaro, vakawanda yataurwa ndechokuti Nikolai Martynov, akanga mari uye kubatana, zvakakwana haana kudzokera guru, uye vabva munzvimbo Pyatigorsk uye akatungamirira yatisingaonekwi upenyu. Pakati vaenzi uye veko Russian vomunharaunda aizivikanwa somunhu eccentric vaimbova makuru uye yepakutanga sezvo ryadilsya nguo makomo uye akafamba aine banga hombe, zvichiita nechinosekwa kubva vaimbova navo.

M. Yu. Lermontov kuCaucasus

Pakazosvika 1841, mudetembi atova nomukurumbira Russia anoonga nhetembo pamusoro Pushkin. mbuya dambudziko rine hama nesimba pakati dare akamutendera kuzorangwa zvikuru. Akatumwa kuCaucasus zvedzimba muna Nizhny Novgorod hondo. rwendo urwu yakatora refu zvikuru, uye pasina nguva akanga zvakare ndokupenya guru raMwari Salons. Zvichida zvinhu kunge zvakasiyana kana musatukana ari mumba Countess of Laval Ernest Barant. Mwanakomana Wenyika French akaona nokutuka ari epigram, iyo, sezvo akaudzwa shamwari yakawiriranwa M. Yu. Lermontov akanyora. Munguva duel, kwakaitika pedyo nzvimbo akakuvadzwa Pushkin zvokufa, hapana chinorwadza chakaitika: munondo rimwe vorongerwa vakaputsa Barante kurashikirwa, uye nyanduri pena mudenga. Zvisinei, kuviga chokwadi chokuti mutambo zvakanga zvisingaiti, uye mudetembi akasungwa akaendeswa Caucasus, kunyange akaita kuedza kusiya.

Zvikonzero duel pamwe Martynov

Saka tanga ndakabva kubva Northern Capital kuna Stavropol, apo hondo yake Tengin, uye mushure mechinguva akaenda pfupi pazororo Pyatigorsk. Zvino shamwari akaedza kunyengetedza arege kuita kudaro. Ikoko vakasangana vazhinji ake St. Petersburg vafambidzani, kusanganisira Martynov. mutauro zvakaipa Lermontov chaizvo zvehondo chitarisiko varambe vachifara vaimbova naye. The wechipiri refu akaramba mafi nyanduri, nekuti akafunga kuti akanga jeered naye ari epigrams ake, raisanganisira mazita Martysh uye Soromoni. Zvadaro, sezvo mhaka duel wakaonekwa uye shanduro maererano iyo Martynov akafunga kuti Lermontov isisina hanzvadzi yake. Zvakanzi akataurawo tsere vechidiki vanenge zvikomborero mutambi French ainzi Adele, akanga ari kushanyira kuCaucasus.

mutsara

Mazuva maviri asati njodzi yake protagonists vakasangana pamba General Verzilina. Paiva varipo rakatevera wechipiri mudetembi uye shamwari yake yekare, Prince Troubetzkoy, uyewo mudzimai uye mwanasikana muridzi weimba. Pamberi pavo, Lermontov akatanga kusunungura neminzwa yaro pamusoro musoro "Highlander". Mutsaona nemashoko mumhanzi akamira, uye vakanga vanzwa zvose, kusanganisira Martynov samagariro akapfeka Circassian. Sezvo akazotaura nezvenguva dzekuno shamwari Lermontov uye Martynov, yakanga isiri nguva yokutanga iyo nyanduri vakadadira Retired Major. Akatsungirira chero zvaigoneka kuti vanoedzesera kuti majee asina ukama pazviri. Zvisinei, panguva zvokuridza manheru pana Verzilin zvakanga zvose zvakare pachena, uye duel Lermontov pamwe Martynov akava chisingadzivisiki. Dzinoronga "Highlander" nenzwi akazivisa kuti haachadi anoda kuti majee, uye akasiya. Mudetembi akasimbisa vakadzi kuti mangwana iye Nicholas Solomonovich kuti rugare, nokuti "zvinoitika".

Duel Lermontov pamwe Martynov

The chete manheru, Michael uye Nicholas akanga risingafadzi kukurukura, panguva iyo akaridza nyore kuti duel. The duel akatora nzvimbo zuva raitevera. On kuitika shanduro, Lermontov tumafuta kurapwa zvose zvichiitika, uye kudzingwa basa mumhepo. Saka, akanga akatonyanya akatsamwiswa Martynov uye akapfurwa ari pachipfuva. Nokuti kana kurwa haana kupinda chiremba, mishonga haina inopiwa, kunyange zvazvo iye zvaisagona kuponesa upenyu Lermontov.

Mushure duel Martynov akatongerwa yezve kodzero uye demotion. Zvisinei, Nicholas II akasarudza kupedza mujeri mutongo matatu kusvika brig.

On upenyu mushure duel Martynova kuziva wandei. Akafa pazera 60 uye akavigwa zita rake Ievleva.