Amino acids - unodei? Amino acids mune zvokudya. Zvinoitwa uye zvivako zviri amino acids

Zvakasikwa, pane mapoka maviri zvinhu: Organic uye inorganic. Ekupedzisira zvinosanganisira yeimwe zvakadai Mahydrocarbon, alkynes, alkenes, alcohols, lipids, uye dzimwe nucleic acids, mapuroteni, makabhohaidhiretsi, amino acids. Ndezvipi zvinhu izvi, isu Uchafukidzwa munyaya ino. The Zvinoumba zvose Organic yeimwe hazvo zvinosanganisira emaatomu ezvinhu kabhoni uye rehydrogen. Vanogonawo dzinewo oxygen, sarufa, Nitrogen nezvimwe zvinhu. The sainzi kuti inodzidza mapuroteni, acids, oxides, amino acids - Chemistry. It rinoongorora zvivako uye zvinoratidza mumwe boka zvinhu.

Amino acids - Ndezvipi zvinhu izvi?

Vanokosha chaizvo mutumbi chisikwa chipi chipenyu panyika, sezvo ivo vari nhengo inokosha zvinhu - mapurotini. In zvachose pane makumi maviri nerimwe amino asidhi iyo yeimwe aya aumba. The sezvamunoita chinosanganisira neimwe maatomu rehydrogen, Nitrogen, carbon uye oxygenation. Makemikari mamiriro aya zvinhu ane amino NH2, panobva zita.

Sei mapuroteni vari aumba kubva amino acids?

Izvi Organic zvinhu kunotangira matanho mana, nechivako yavo ine chikuru, chesekondari, tertiary uye quaternary ezvirevo. Kubva nomumwe wavo vanovimba zvimwe zvivako zviri puroteni. Primary kuwanda uye sezvairayirwa amino acids pekugara, iri polypeptide cheni. Chechipiri ane Arufa-akamonyoroka kana Beta-chivako. Akatanga kuumbwa somugumisiro nokuvhiringidza polypeptide cheni uye panowanikwa rehydrogen zvisungo mukati chete. Zvapedzisira - nokuda panowanikwa ukama pakati mapoka kwemaatomu akasiyana polypeptide ngetani. Tertiary mamiriro - iri interconnected Arifa-akamonyoroka uye Beta-chivako. Zvinogona kuva nenzira mbiri: fibrillar uye globular. Chokutanga yakareba shinda. Mapuroteni ane urongwa vakadaro fibrin, myosin inowanikwa tsandanyama rinenge uyewo vamwe. Wechipiri ane chimiro coils, munhu globular mapuroteni zvinosanganisira Somuenzaniso, jekiseni, Chizenga uye vamwe vakawanda. Mumuviri zvipenyu nokuti kwetunhu mapuroteni kubva amino acids dzinoenderana rinokosha sero organelles - ribosomes. Information pamusoro mapuroteni zvinofanira zvakapararira, encoded mu DNA uye kune ribosomes kubudikidza RNA.

Ndezvipi amino acids?

Compounds izvo aumba kubva mapuroteni, zvose zviri hunhu maviri nomumwe. Vamwe vanokwanisa synthesize womunhu muviri panguva muviri (muviri), apo vamwe - kwete. Kazhinji, zvakasikwa pane amino acids: histidine, valine, lysine, isoleucine, leucine, threonine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, cysteine, tyrosine, arginine, alanine, glutamine, asparagine, glycine, proline, carnitine, ornithine, taurine, naSerine. Vapfumbamwe pakati amino acids dziri pamusoro yokutanga inokosha. Kunewo uslovnonezamenimye - avo kuti muviri anogona kushandisa pane zvinokosha muzviitiko. Izvi Somuenzaniso, tyrosine, uye cysteine. Wokutanga inogona kushandiswa pachinzvimbo phenylalanine, uye wechipiri - kana kwete methionine. Essential amino acids mune zvokudya - a chinodiwa kuti muviri.

Chii zvokudya here dzine?

• Valine - nyama, hove.
• Histidine - Buckwheat Porridge, bota, hove mutsvuku, nyama yenguruve, uye shiri.
• Isoleucine - mazai, nyama, hove, mukaka, chizi, koteji chizi.
• Leucine - kufanana kuti isoleucine.
• Methionine - bota, nzungu, fruit, pistachios, mbeu.
• Threonine - nyama, bota, howa.
• Tryptophan - Turkey, tsuro, nyama yenguruve, mackerel.
• Phenylalanine - nyama, bhinzi, pizi, nenyemba, Sou, hove, chizi, mukaka, chizi.

Vose vamwe amino acids vari kudya zvokudya nevanhu, uye haigoni kuitwa, nokuti muviri anokwanisa kubereka yavo, asi zvakadaro zviri zvinodiwa kuti vamwe vavo vakauya nezvokudya. Vazhinji zvinokosha amino acids huri chete chigadzirwa sezvo zvinokosha, kureva, nyama, hove, mukaka - kuti chikafu chiri akapfuma mapuroteni.

Basa rimwe nerimwe amino asidhi mumuviri womunhu

Mumwe nomumwe izvi zvinhu anoita chairo basa mumuviri. Zvakakosha amino acids nokuti azere upenyu dzinokosha, saka zvakakosha kushandisa zvigadzirwa pamwe kugutsikana kwavo yakakwana kwazvo. Sezvo mukuru Dzokuvaka muviri wedu ane puroteni, zvinganzi kuti chinonyanya kukosha uye zvakakodzera zvinhu zviri amino acids. Ndezvipi zvinokosha, zvino tichataura kukuudza. Sezvo zvichinzi pamusoro, boka iri amino acids vari histidine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan. Mumwe nomumwe izvi makemikari kunokosha chaizvo basa iri muviri. Somuenzaniso, valine runodikanwa kukura zvakakodzera, saka zvokudya yakakwirira wayo kugutsikana inofanira zviri yakakwana kwazvo mune zvokudya vana, vachiri kuyaruka uye vatambi vanoda kuwedzera wevasungwa kuti kwetsandanyama. Histidine zvakare anozadzika basa rinokosha - munyaya nedanho zvinyama patsva, chikamu Chizenga (ndiro sei yakaderera kugutsikana kwake muropa inokurudzirwa kuwedzera mari ukapisa Buckwheat). Leucine kunodikanwa kuti muviri synthesize mapuroteni, uyewo kuramba zvakakodzera pamwero basa zvirwere. Lysine - pasina fuma iri mumuviri chete angarega rishandise calcium, saka haugoni kubvumira kushaya ichi amino asidhi - kuti zvinyorwe zvokudya zvakawanda hove, chizi uye nezvimwe dheri zvigadzirwa. Tryptophan aifanira kubudisa vhitamini B, uyewo mahormone inodzora nzara uye kumunetsawo. fuma iyi Rinowanikwawo nziyo kusimudzira Kudzikama uye kubvisa kushaya hope. Phenylalanine rinoshandiswa muviri kubereka mahormone zvakadai adrenaline uye tyrosine. Izvi zvinhu zvinogona kuva rutivi zvokurapa kugadzirira izvo vakanzi vane hope kana kuora mwoyo.

Amino acids maererano kemisitiri

Unotoziva kuti zvakamisa hurongwa mapuroteni uye zvinokosha zvinhu kuvanhu - ane amino acid. Ko yeimwe izvi, isu kare kukurukurwa, zvino isu anozodzidza zvavo nemakemikari ehupfumi.

The kwemakemikari ehupfumi kuti amino acids

Mumwe nomumwe wavo uri zvishoma unhu, kunyange vane zvakafanana. Sezvo Kuronga amino acids angava akasiyana uye zvinosanganisira siyana zvine maatomu akafanana, uye zvivako zviri siyanei. Common kune zvose zvinhu veboka chizenga kukwanisa dzora kuumbika peptides. Uyewo amino acids vanogona sei pamwe nitrous acid, nokudaro wezvamatongerwe hydroxy acid, mvura uye senitrogen. Uyezve, havana sei pamwe uye alcohols. Izvi zvikonzero hydrochloric munyu ane Ester uye mvura. To ichi kuita zvinoda pamberi sezvo anowedzera kuti hydrochloric asidhi ari gaseous uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. mamiriro.

How kuzivisa kuvapo kwavo?

Kune chaiwo kuona pamberi zvinhu izvi Qualitative siyana pamusoro amino acids. Somuenzaniso, kuziva cysteine, vanofanira kuwedzera kutungamirira acetate, uye shandisa kupisa uye alkaline ezvinhu. Muchiitiko chino, inofanira kuumbwa mutobvu sulphide, izvo precipitates dema. Uyewo uwandu amino acids mune mhinduro inogona tsunga nokuwedzera nitrous acid. Dzidza iri vasunungurwa Vhoriyamu senitrogen.