Nitrous acid. Chemical uye mumuviri zvivako

Nitrous asidhi - simba monobasic acid, izvo zvinogona kuvapo chete sanganisa aqueous mhinduro uye zvitema ari gasi fomu. Izvi zvinonzi nitrite munyu kana nitrite. Ndivo muchetura uye itsige kukunda asidhi pachayo. Makemikari fomura iri acho sezvinotevera: HNO2.

Physical ehupfumi:
1. uremu matadza ndiyo 47 g / mol.
2. The hama samolecular kurema ndiyo 27 amu
3. Density iri 1.6.
4. utsotso pfungwa iri madhigirii 42.
5. Kubika ndeyekuti 158 inegumi.

Chemical ehupfumi kuti nitrous asidhi

1. Kana nitrous iine acid inotoda neshungu, pachava zvinotevera makemikari maitiro:
3HNO2 (nitrous acid) = HNO3 (nitric acid) + 2NO (nitric oxide asunungurwa sezvo gasi) + H2O (mvura)

2. aqueous mhinduro dissociates uye nyore misha kubva munyu pamusoro acids akasimba:
H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) + 2NaNO2 (sodium nitrite) = Na2SO4 (sodium sulphate) + 2HNO2 (nitrous acid)

3. Nyaya yacho tinogona kuva chinhu oxidizing uye kwomuviri. Kana pachena kuti simba oxidizing nevasori (somuenzaniso, kuiisa chlorine hydrogen peroxide H2O2, potassium permanganate) iri oxidized kuti nitric asidhi (muzvimwe zviitiko paumbwe nitric asidhi munyu):

Kwomuviri:

HNO2 (nitrous acid) + H2O2 (rehydrogen peroxide) = HNO3 (nitric acid) + H2O (mvura)
HNO2 + Cl2 (kuiisa chlorine) + H2O (mvura) = HNO3 (nitric acid) + 2HCl (hydrochloric acid)
5HNO2 (nitrous acid) + 2HMnO4 = 2Mn (NO3) 2 (manganese nitrate, nitric iine acid munyu) + HNO3 (nitric acid) + 3H2O (mvura)

Oxidizing ehupfumi:

2HNO2 (nitrous acid) + 2HI = 2NO (okisijeni oxide, mune gasi) + I2 (ayodhini) + 2H2O (mvura)

Kugadzirira nitrite

fuma Izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa nenzira dzakawanda:

1. Kana ichiputswa nitric oxide (III) mumvura:

N2O3 (senitrogen oxide) + H2O (mvura) = 2HNO3 (nitrous acid)

2. Kana ichiputswa nitric oxide (IV) mumvura:
2NO3 (senitrogen oxide) + H2O (mvura) = HNO3 (nitric acid) + HNO2 (nitrous acid)

Kushandisa nitrous asidhi:
- diazotizing anonhuhwirira chepuraimari amines;
- kugadzirwa diazonium munyu;
- in kwetunhu Organic yeimwe (semuenzaniso, nokuti pagadzirwe Organic madhayi).

Kuonana nitrous asidhi pamuviri

The fuma chepfu, ane rakajeka mutagenic chaizvoizvo, sezvo chaizvoizvo ndiyo deaminated mumiririri.

Chii nitrites

Nitrite - muri munyu siyana nitrous acid. By simba tembiricha, vane zvishoma kugadzikana kupfuura nitrates. Inodiwa kugadzirwa vamwe madhayi. Inoshandiswa mukurapa.

Chinokosha zvikuru kuti munhu vawana yavaibvisa nitrite. fuma iyi ane nzira NaNO2. Richishandiswa sechinhu zvisaora yaigadzira zvokudya zviri kugadzirwa mishonga kubva hove uye nyama. Zviri upfu rakachena chena kana zvishoma yellowish. Yavaibvisa nitrite hygroscopic (kunze Yakanatswa yavaibvisa nitrite) uye tsime zvazvichanyungudutswa H2O (mvura). Mudenga anokwanisa zvishoma nezvishoma oxidize yavaibvisa nitrate, ane simba kwomuviri.

Yavaibvisa nitrite inoshandiswa:
- makemikari usage: kuwana diazo amine yeimwe kuti deactivate zvakawandisa yavaibvisa azide kubereka okisijeni, senitrogen oxide, yavaibvisa uye yavaibvisa, nokuti Absorção de Água ose carbon dioxide inobvisa;
- Kugadzirwa kwezvokudya (chikafu chirungiso E250) ive antioxidant uye antibacterial mumiririri;
- Construction: sezvo antifreeze chirungiso kune kongiri hurongwa ari zvaAtemisi okuvaka zvigadzirwa uye, mune kwetunhu Organic yeimwe sezvo mumhepo ngura inhibitor, ari zvaAtemisi rubbers, poppers, mhinduro yokuvirisa nokuti zvinoputika; kana simbi ikarapwa kubvisa gaba rukoko uye nokuda phosphating;
- mumifananidzo: somunhu antioxidant uye reagent;
- in zvipenyu uye mushonga: a vasodilator, antispasmodic, laxative, bronchodilator; sezvo mushonga muchetura mhuka kana cyanides dzevanhu.

Zvinonzi zvino kushandiswa nevamwe munyu pamusoro nitrous asidhi (semuenzaniso, potassium nitrite).