Yavaibvisa nitrate - mudzimai uye muvengi

Mumwe nomumwe wedu ari nyanzvi mune zvokurima, uye isu tose tinoziva kuti chokuita nayo. Munhu wose anoziva pamusoro nitrates, pamusoro kunobatsirei uye pokukuvadza. Uye chokwadi, izvo yavaibvisa nitrate?

The yemaitiro yamarudzi ichi NaNO3, mamwe zita rayo - Sodium nitrate. In nechitarisiko chinhu chena crystalline fuma, dzimwe nguva kuva grayish kana yellowish tint. The mvura urwa zvakanaka. The kunaka zvinovava-wakawanda. It kunoitika sezvingatarisirwa sechinhu chicherwa - Chilean nitrate. Nitrate hygroscopic, utsotso pfungwa 308 ° C, kukura (Kubika) - 380 °. oxidant Strong, panguva reflux zvabudiswa oxygen.

Revai yavaibvisa nitrate amoniya usage kubva senitrogen kana mhepo. Kune mamwe mabikirwo nitrate kwakavakirwa kukurukurirana wanda siyana uye manyowa. mhando:

- A - kushandiswa mune nekubudisa apo pokunamatidza uye nomoto chainge chakagadzirwa nesimbi;

- B - nokuti etching nesimbi uye alloys kunyatsotsanangura.

Store yavaibvisa nitrate anofanira kugara mu multiwall muhomwe. Irikupa anogona kuva chero nzira kunze mhepo, kutakurirwa uye vachidzikisa haagoni kuvhenganiswa Organic zvinhu kuitira kudzivirira kuvesa.

Sezvazvakanyorwa inonzi, yavaibvisa nitrate iri zvinowanzoshandiswa minda bhizimisi uye waibudirira siyana. In zvokurima rinoshandiswa senzira senitrogen fetiraiza pamusoro zvose mhando nevhu pasi miriwo zvirimwa (nembatatisi, beets), michero uye bheri rabha. Sezvo nitrate chinhu alkaline fetiraiza maonero, zviri nani kushandisa acidic nevhu. Sezvo fetiraiza rinoshandisirwa ivhu muchirimo, inogona kushandiswa fetiraiza. A zvinobatsira chirimwa haana chete senitrogen asiwo yavaibvisa.

In indasitiri, kushandiswa yavaibvisa nitrate se:

- chinoumba mhinduro kuti etching Stainless sepombi;

- achiumba chikamu mafuta pamusoro rinopfungaira zvigayo ose Stainless sepombi;

- mumwe clarifier pamwe girazi Kubika;

- ane oxidizer mu chitundumuseremusere huni;

- munyu chikamu refrigerants.

In zvokudya indasitiri nitrate yaishandiswa zvisaora - E251. Pane panotaurwa kuti muna 1397 nitrate rakashandiswa kuchengetedza hove. Izvi imhaka simba nitrite aumba kubva nitrate utachiona. Nitrate inoshandiswa:

- pamwe chizi gadzira;

- the zvokuvakisa zvokudya. Nitrates vakadhakwa zvigare dzikwanise nitrites, vane rwokudzivirira zvainoita zvigadzirwa, panguva iyoyowo achivapa yakakodzera inopenya ruvara.

Nitrates rinogona kushandiswa kugadzirisa. Meat kutongokwizwa nomunyu nezvakavhenganiswa, nitrate, shuga uye akaisa pasi pejoko. Pamusana mhinduro akanga akafukidzwa nyama.

Nitrate somunhu oxidizing mumiririri inoshandiswa pyrotechnic nziyo. In nziyo dzakadaro, chinangwa chacho - kupa yakachena combustion rikurumidze.

Nitrate inoshandiswa somushonga vasodilator. Uyezve, anobatsira intestinal kurwadza kwacho, anoshumira cyanide chepfu mushonga uye somunhu laxative.

Panguva iyoyowo nitrate mune mhuka zviri sechinhu muchetura fuma. Pamusangano chipimo chemushonga ine 180 MG / makirogiramu muviri kurema kwakaedzwa makonzo kufa hafu. Apo E251 aidaro tsvakurudzo, kwakaonekwa kuti kudziyisa kuti tembiricha pamusoro 120 ° C inotungamirira kuti paumbwe carcinogens.

Studies ichiitwa neWorld Health Organization, kuti tikwanise kuona zvinobvumidzwa zuva dose pamusoro nitrates kusvika 3,7 milligrams muzana kilogram kurema muviri. The zvinotevera kunoitika - kana nitrates vari guru ura, pasi chiito zvigare, vari vatendeuka vakapinda nitrites, uye pakupedzisira, achipinda ropa, Chizenga riri kutendeukira methemoglobin, izvo kwete kutakura oxygen.

The pasi vaiona yavaibvisa nitrate. Chii chiri apo achiparadzirwa zvakasikwa, sezvo zvinoitika, uye apo kushanda muna indasitiri; Rinotsanangura kushanda kwayo pamusoro womunhu.