Chii nyaya rima? kana nyaya yerima ariko?

The mubvunzo yaigara zvakasikwa, ayo kare uye nezveramangwana kutambudzika vanhu kubvira panguva yakare. Kwemazana emakore akawanda, dzidziso akasimuka uye vakanga vachiramba, kupa mufananidzo wenyika, yakavakirwa kuvazivisa mashoko. Kwazvo yakavhundutsa nyika nesayenzi vakava Einstein kwakaita dzidziso relativity. Iye akaita chinhu mupiro wakakura mukunzwikwa kwemasayendisiti kuti kuumba muchadenga. Zvisinei, dzidziso relativity havagoni zvinozviti chokwadi wakanakisisa, izvo hakurevi chinhu wedzera-Ons anazvo. Kuvandudza ruzivo vakabvumira vanodzidza nezvenyeredzi kuti kare zvisingafungidziriki matongo, izvo zvaida idzva yokungotaura framework kana chinokosha rokuwedzera aivapo zvokudya. Mumwe izvi mananara aiva nyaya kwasviba. Asi zvinhu zvokutanga pakutanga.

Nyaya zvekare

Nokuti kunzwisisa rokuti "nyaya rima" kudzokera pakutanga rokupedzisira remakore. Kunyange zvazvo simba kunzwisisa zvakasikwa sechinhu mira marongerwo. Zvichakadai, mukuru dzidziso relativity (GTR) vakafunga kuti pakupedzisira simba kukwezvana kuchaita kuti "ichivharira" nzvimbo zvinhu rimwe coils, kuchanzwika anonzi rinokweva akawisa. Pakati nzvimbo zvinhu, hapana masimba chinosemesa. Kukwezvana iri ndanyarara hangu nokuda Centrifugal masimba kuumba zvachose kufamba nyeredzi, mapuraneti nezvimwe miviri. Saka vakatsigira zvakanyatsoenzana hurongwa.

Kuitira kudzivirira pokuwa yokungotaura zvakasikwa, Einstein akatanga cosmological achitsungirira - ukoshi zvichiguma ezvinhu kuti kutsvakwa rakadzikama mamiriro, asi chaizvoizvo tega asina chikonzero pachena.

The kuwedzera Universe

Computing uye achizarura Friedmann uye Hubble vakaratidza hapana chikonzero kuputsa mutete equations ose vakawanda relativity kushandisa chenguva itsva. Rave vaudzewo, uye nhasi ichi chokwadi chinenge hapana mubvunzo kuti chadenga chiri kukura, zvakanga kamwe mavambo stationarity kutaura hazvigoni kufamba. Pakuzadzisa cosmology kwakakonzera Big Bang dzidziso. The chikuru uchapupu zvekungofungira itsva - the akaona kuwedzera pamusoro nguva, kure pakati emapoka enyeredzi. Ndicho nokuyerwa mwero nokubviswa kubva mumwe pedyo nzvimbo gadziriro uye kwakaita kuti paumbwe pfungwa kuti pane rima nyaya uye rima simba.

The date Hakupindirani nezvinodiwa dzidziso

Frits Tsvikki muna 1931, uye papera Jan Oort muna 1932 uye muna 1960 vakaita kuverenga kurema fuma iri kure sumbu remapoka enyeredzi uye ukama dzaro nokumhanya kwavo kure nomumwe nomumwe. Kubva nguva nenguva, masayendisiti kusvika imwe mhedziso; uwandu kwakadaro zvinhu hazvikwani kuti giravhiti akasikwa navo aigona kuchengeta pamwe mapoka enyeredzi kutamira panguva dzakakwirira aimhanya dzakadaro. Zwicky uye Oort hypothesized kuti pane vakawanda yerima nyaya wezvose yakavanzika, harina nzvimbo zvinhu uparadzire kwakasiyana-siyana.

Zvisinei, pfungwa awana kuzivikanwa munyika nesayenzi chete manonwe, pashure kuziviswa migumisiro Ruby Faith. It akavaka kutenderera makakombama kuti inoratidza kutsamira pamusoro velocity ari renyeredzi fuma kuti daro riri wakapatsanura kubva hurongwa centre. Kusiyana yokungotaura kubvuma zvakanga kuti kumhanya kwenyeredzi sezvo daro hakuiti kutapudza kubva Galactic centre, uye kukura. Kutsanangura maitiro ichi kugona chete Zvinovheneka pamberi denderedzwa rechiedza anodzorwa, nezvizere rima nyaya. Saka Astronomy anotarisana nenguva zvachose unexplored chikamu muchadenga.

Properties uye sezvamunoita

mhando iyi rima nyaya inonzi nokuti haugoni kuonekwa chero huripo nzira. Kuvapo kwake kunozivikanwa nemamiriro ezvinhu umboo: nyaya rima pave rinokweva munda haisi zvachose kuramba remagetsi nemafungu.

Chinonyanya kukosha basa kuti wamuka pamberi masayendisiti, kwaiva kuwana mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti chii panyaya iyi. Zvokuongorora nyeredzi, nyika vakaedza "zadza" varo vanongogara baryon fuma (baryonic nyaya ine munhu zvakawanda kana zvishoma vakadzidza protons, neutrons uye maerekitironi). Murima halos emapoka pasi emissivity tsindirana nyeredzi dzakadai yaisanganisira shava dwarfs uye yakakura, kurema pedyo puraneti Jupiter. Zvisinei, zvekungofungira izvi regai kurwa kuongororwa. Baryonic nyaya, yaizivikanwa uye inonyatsozivikanwa, saka, haagoni kuita basa rinokosha iri guru emapoka yakavanzwa.

Nhasi, ari kutsvaka kuti asingazivikanwi zvinoriumba kuitawo wefizikisi. Practical kuferefeta hwakavakirwa nesayenzi dzidziso SUSY Microcosm, kwamakadarika nerimwe anozivikanwa PARTICIPLE chiripo SUSY chiutsi. Ndizvo avo vanoumba rima nyaya. Zvisinei, uchapupu kuvapo inoramba yakadaro vaisagona kuwanika kusvikira, zvichida, nyaya ramangwana.

rima simba

Kuwanikwa itsva mhando nyaya haina kugumira ipapo zvinoshamisa kuti akagadzira zvose nemasayendisiti. Muna 1998, astrophysicists akapa mumwe mukana kuenzanisa nezvemafambiro ava chokwadi. Gore rino aizivikanwa kuputika mumwe supernova mune renyeredzi kure nesu. Vanodzidza nezvenyeredzi akayera daro pazviri uye anoshamiswa zvikuru vakagamuchira mashoko: nyeredzi kwakamuka zvikuru kupfuura inofanira kunge maererano aivapo dzidziso. It Vakawana kuti pamusoro nguva, mwero kuwedzera kuri kuwedzera: zviri ikozvino dzakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura makore mabhiriyoni 14 akapfuura, apo anofungidzirwa paiva pakuputika guru.

Sezvo anozivikanwa kuwedzera kwebasa muviri, zvinokosha wokushandura simba. Simba rinoita zvose rokuwedzera mhanyisa, pakuzivikanwa se rima simba. Izvi haisi shoma asinganzwisisiki chikamu pezvakasikwa pane rima nyaya. We chete kuziva kuti kunoratidzwa yunifomu akaparadzirwa zvose, uye zvazvinoita ayo anogona inyoreswe chete yakakura yepasi pose akareba.

Zvakare, kuti cosmological kugara

Dark simba akazunungusa dzidziso Kuputika. Part munharaunda masayendisiti asina chokwadi nezvomukana nenhumbi yakadaro, uye kwakaita kuti rikurumidze kuwedzera. Vamwe astrophysicists vari kuedza kumutsiridza cosmological kuramba ari kukanganwa Einstein, inova zvakare kubva muchikwata kwokukanganisa zvikuru yesayenzi anogona kufamba zvinoverengeka kushanda hypotheses. Kuvapo kwake ari equations zvinowanisa antigravity, zvichiita kuti kumhanyisa ari kuwedzera. Zvisinei, vamwe nemigumisiro kuvapo cosmological chenguva Hakupindirani pamwe observational mashoko.

Nhasi, rima nyaya uye rima simba anoumba Nevazhinji nyaya iri muchadenga - yacho dambanemazwi kuti masayendisiti. The unequivocal mhinduro kumubvunzo hunhu hwavo imomo. Uyezve, zvingava hahuzogari chakavanzika kuti tirambe kubva muchadenga. Dark nyaya uye simba kunogona anotungamirira zvakawanwa itsva zvinogona revolutionize pfungwa dzedu sechivako wezvose.