Chii kurapwa mazita uye iye ari kudzidza

The maitiro pamusoro Philology kuziva zvakasiyana mirayiridzo - dzidziso mutauro, vakashandisa zvemutauro, stylistics, dialectology uye onomastics kunyange. Nhasi tichataura pamusoro pane onomastika chii nhau dzayo uye chinhu, izvo zvikamu izvozvo zvoga. Chimbofunga ukama hwayo nevamwe anoranga, matsime kuti zvinopa zvinhu chidzidzo.

Onomastics sainzi

Chokutanga, chii chinonzi kurapwa mazita. The Tsanangudzo inoti kuti davi wemitauro kuti vanodzidza pachavo mazita kana Onim.

Pakutanga onomastika rakaiswa nesayenzi rinoshandiswa dzakaitika, jogirafi, chaiko ebetsero chirango. Iye akazova munhu yoga bazi wemitauro pamwe yayo nzira nokuda kuongorora mitauro zvinhu. The chinhu kudzidza sayenzi - nezvenhoroondo mavambo, chido chikamu uye kushanda zvakanaka mazita ari mutauro. Item - mazita zvakananga Onim.

Onomastics anoongorora phonetic, morphological, shoko-inotungamirwa, kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro uye etymological chokuita mazita akakodzera.

History of budiriro

Kunze chokuti kurapa mazita dzakadaro, zvinokosha kutaura mubvunzo uyu, sezvo nhoroondo kuwedzera nesayenzi.

Zvinonzi sechinhu mudiki. Pamutemo wakadzikwa muna 1930, apo akanga nyika yokutanga yemarudzi onomastic musangano kuFrance.

Nechekare muna 1949 kusika onomastic komiti pana UNESCO anobudisa unyanzvi magazini Onoma. Nhamba Yepamusorosoro onomastics vakawira 50 - 60 rokupedzisira remakore.

Onomastics nhoroondo Russian yakatanga muna 1812, apo A. Vostokov yakabudisa nyaya yaiva nomusoro unoti "Kutsvaka mafeni kuti Mabviro." Muna 1813 akabudisa rimwe basa rinokosha E. Bolkhovitinov "On peculiarities mazita zvakakodzera slavyanorosov". Maviri emakore, sayenzi vakashanduka, achitanga kwavo tsvakurudzo nzira, kuunganidza ndeechokwadi zvinhu, dzinodya mafufu rakasikwa dzidziso. Muna 2004, magazini "Issues pamusoro onomastics" riri kutanga kubuda mu Russia.

zvinoumba sainzi

Zvichienderana mutauro features, onai kuti ndepapi wandei tsvakurudzo. Onomastics mazita akakodzera rifukidze munzvimbo dzakasiyana pamusoro unyanzvi, pakabudiswa:

• Regional onomastics iyo inodzidza onomasticon imwe nharaunda wapiwa, kudzidza kwake onomastic subsystem.
• In pfungwa, kuti vanodzidza mitemo mukuru kukura uye kushanda onomastic gadziriro.
• Treatment mazita chokuita zvikurukuru kutumidza tsika inoshanda vavo mutauro ano. Izvi zvinosanganisira pokugadzwa chinyorwa uye mataurirwo mazita, pave normative yokutevedzera, izvo kuumbwa uye anonziwo, adjectives kuratidza nhengo imwe munharaunda, nharaunda dzokugara, mhuri.
• Rondedzero kuti anoongorora onomastic mamiriro imwe ndima. Kana izvi vaiona boka rimwe onomastic.
• Enhetembo Onomastics - anoongorora kushanda mazita akakodzera mumabhuku, misimboti zvisikwa zvavo, basa iri murugwaro.

Sections

Zvichienderana muchikwata che midziyo nokudzidza mazita zvakakodzera, pane zvinotevera zvikamu onomastics:

• Anthroponimics - inoongorora mazita evanhu.
• Toponymy - kudzidza mazita nenzvimbo zvinhu.
• Zoonimika - kudzidza nicknames mhuka.
• Astronimika - inoongorora mazita miviri nyeredzi - mapuraneti, nyeredzi, comets.
• Hydronymy - inoongorora zita miviri mvura - nzizi, madziva, makungwa, uye nyanza.

Kutaurirana nevamwe sayenzi

Kunze chokuti kurapa mazita dzakadaro, tisingatauri ukama rayo nevamwe anoranga. Chokutanga, hazvina kufanana zvemutauro. Science anoshandisa mitauro nzira nokuda Kuongororwa mazita akakodzera. Uye hwakabatana pamwe chete pfungwa, sezvo tikadzidza kubatana pakati mashoko uye pfungwa. Kubatana kwakaita onomastics vane nzvimbo uye zvenyeredzi. Masayendisiti kazhinji anotaura onomastam kugadzirisa matambudziko akadai chiperengo mazita uye shanduro.

History, ethnography uye sayenzi yezvinocherwa mumatongo kupa yakawanda anobatsira mashoko musayendisiti onomastam. Avo, uyewo, zvinobatsira dzakaitika. Onomastics chaiko masayendisiti chokuita nenhoroondo, rinokosha. Nokudaro, mashoko onomastiki kubatsira kuongorora Resettlement vanhu, tsika dzavo uye mhemberero, sezvo paumbwe mazita, avo kushandiswa hunonyatsobatana kwete chete kune vamwe vanhu, asiwo nguva. With onomastics haagoni chete havatsananguri miganhu avanhu kugarwa, asi kuti dziti siyana Kunyorwa dzemari.

manyuko kudzidza

Takawana iwe, chii onomastics, iye akapiwa tsanangudzo, hatina vanozivikanwa zvikuru munzvimbo. Asi mubvunzo mumwe achiri unconsecrated - uko vasayendisiti vari chaiwo zvinhu chidzidzo?

mabhuku akawanda. The anowanzodanwa kushandiswa uri:

1. Ndandanda yemazita uye surnames.
2. mabhuku echitendero uye makarenda.
3. Remutauro zvakarekodhwa nezviyeuchidzo.
4. Geographical uye ezvemuchadenga mepu.
5. Address mabhuku.
6. Books uwandu nyika.
7. Catalogs mhuka kuratidzira.
8. Ndandanda bhiza vemarudzi.
9. Artistic mabasa.

kudzidza

Kudzidza sainzi ichi bedzi philological mano University. Kusuma chikamu rinowanikwa kudzidza kosi "Lexicology" kana sezvo kosi yokudzidza imwe yoga. Munguva nokudzidziswa, vadzidzi vachadzidzawo chii onomastika chii nzira inoshandisa, izvo zvikamu izvozvo dzibude.

The kosi yokudzidza chikoro hariwanikwi, kunze dzakakwirira Profile makirasi. Asi panguva imwe chete kujairirana sayenzi nomumativi rinopa mashoko anokosha chete nezvazvo.

zvakawanikwa

Onomastics - mumwe mitauro anoranga iyo inodzidza mazita zvakakodzera uye avo inoshanda mumutauro weRussia. Hazvina mudiki. Dzidza muna Philology.