Sayenzi Philological. Chii kudzidza philology? Nyanzvi Russian

Vanhu vazhinji vakaona sayenzi philological sechinhu kujeka chaizvo uye chaihwoihwo. Vanoziva kuti izvi zvine chokuita nokudzidza mitauro, asi uwane ruzivo havatakuri. Uye vaya chete kudzidza kubva rorusununguko Philology, anogona zvakarurama uye zvinonakidza pachena mativi ose philology.

Pfungwa nesayenzi

Philology - ndiye nesayenzi runotaura kudzidza kunamata zvakasiyana avanhu, ongorora kunyora kwavo, zvose anonzwisisa zvinhu mutauro, uye ipapo anounganidza kuti awana zivo mugomba coherent rose.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti akanyorwa magwaro - mumwe zvinyorwa zvinoratidza nhoroondo yevanhu. Chokutanga izvi akazviratidza ari muchimiro nemashoko mashoko akaoma anowanikwa maduramazwi, akadhindwa uye zvinyorwa zvechitendero. Homer aiva wekutanga ane manotsi vakanga pasi kuongororwa.

Philology inosanganisira zvinhu zvakawanda uye mumwe nomumwe wavo paaivatambudza indasitiri yavo. Romano-ekuGermany Philology Somuenzaniso, chinonyanya zvakapararira munyika, sezvo vave Kuongorora Romance uye weGermany mitauro.

Panyaya iyi, kuti Romance mitauro zvinosanganisira:

• French;
• Italian;
• Spanish uye nevamwe.

boka German pakati zhinji kudzidza Chirungu uye German, mumwe zvikuru nevanhu zvevakomana.

History of budiriro

Philology akazviratidza kare, muGirisi yekare. First aiva nechitarisiko chavo, ipapo kukura (munguva yeMiddle Ages), uye muna Renaissance nguva - kutumbuka zvizere simba. Pfungwa yokuti 'philology "akatanga kuumba ari XVIII remakore. Zvino zvakanga chete pamusoro chaiwo indasitiri, nokuti vakabva yakabuda necheSalvic. The muvambi necheSalvic bazi musayendisiti Czech Dobrovskiy Yosef.

Zviri nyore kunzwisisa chikonzero kukura philology rakatanga. VokuEurope dzinofarira National midzi yavo, manyuko, budiriro kuitika. Vakabatsira ichi kudanana magadzirirwo uzivi panguva iyoyo, uyewo pakutanga pakurwisana Turkish nechisimba.

Nokuti mamwe marudzi nesayenzi: mumwe nomumwe wavo chaizvo kudzidza zvakadzama kunyanya bhizimisi nevanhu vanga zvinobatanidzwa. Munyika mune masangano akawanda munharaunda kuti zviri kuita zvakafanana chikonzero, nguva nenguva yokuunganidza zvavakasangana vaita.

Sciences dzakaoma

Nokuti kunzwisisa zviri philology kwakakwana, zvakakodzera buritsa sayenzi chero philological vari yenhengo dzayo:

• Zvemutauro. zita rechipiri - zvemutauro kuti vanodzidza musimboti mutauro, ayo mashandiro, mamiriro.
• Literature. Inoongorora nhoroondo mabhuku, ayo kukura nezvainoita tsika yevanhu.
• Ngano. Folk unyanzvi, ngano, rengano - Ndivo nyaya huru dzokudzidza.
• Textual kutsoropodzwa. Pakati kwaro tifunge mabasa nevanyori vakasiyana, nhoroondo panowanikwa dzavo uye mugumo.
• Zvekare. sainzi ichi kudzidza zvekare, zvitarisiko dzavo, zvitaera, nguva uye nzvimbo zvisikwa.

Sezvaunogona kuona kubva ruzivo urwu, philological sayenzi kudzidza mutauro kubva zvichibvira kumativi ose.

anozivikanwa philologists

Ndiani nyanzvi? Nyanzvi iyi wemitauro. kwazvo mufananidzo uyu akadzidza chaizvo imwe mutauro, zvichiita kugumisa pamusoro nhaka vanhu vanotaura nayo yomudzimu. nomupiro kukuru kuti chisikwa uye kukura mutauro Russian akaita nyanzvi dzemitauro Russian.

• MV Lomonosov Ndiye muvambi yegirama yomutauro wokuRussia. Aiva mumwe yokutanga kuisa mutauro maitiro. Zvatinoziva zvino pamusoro zvikamu kutaura - kukosha Mikhail Vasilyevich. Kuva nyanduri unyanzvi, akaisa nheyo akasiyana zvekunyanyisa.
• Easts AH Ndakaita chete girama uye akanyorwa nezvenyaya iyi mabhuku akawanda.
• Potebnya AA vakadzidza Russian uye Ukrainian mitauro, akateerera zvikuru girama.
• Shakhmatov AA Ndakadzidza kwakabva mutauro. Akanyora mabasa akawanda pamusoro ari nemarongerwo mutauro wokuRussia.
• Peshkovski AM Akasimbisa intonation pakutaura somunhu zvivakamutauro chokushandisa kubatsira zvakanaka taura.
• Leviticus Szczerba Akanga akawana chinzvimbo mashoko Mapato uye akataura pamusoro basa pazita uye shoko rechiito mumutsetse.
• Vinogradov VV Ndakadzidza nhoroondo wemitauro Russian. Akanyora mabhuku akawanda pamusoro okuruka Russian mutauro wakashandiswa mumabhuku ake nevanyori vakasiyana. Hazvina mupiro zvikuru zvinokosha lexicology uye mitsara mutauro.
• Karamzin NM vakadzidza Russian mutauro chechi, kunyatsowirirana chaiko uye kwezuva nezuva manyorerwo yokukurukurirana.
• Ushakov DN adzidza chiperengo, lexicology, dialectology. Zvarakanyorwa 4 zvemaBhaibheri ega ine 90000 vakanyoresa. Basa pabasa iri rakanga raitwa kuti 6 years.
• Dal VI Unonzi vose sezvo muvambi Great Dictionary, izvo pachazvo inoratidza kudzama Paaidzidza mutauro wokuRussia.

Philology, mutauro Russian

Russian philology ari chikamu rakakura necheSalvic chikamu, kudzidza vanhu vokuRussia uye nhaka yaro. In XVII remakore zvakatanga kuunganidza mashoko ari zvekare, izvo kwaisanganisirawo Count Rumyantsev.

Muzana XVIII remakore, Lomonosov akanyora mabhuku maviri akakurumbira pamusoro girama mutauro uye zvakanakira mutauro chechi kupfuura mberi nokudzidza stylistics. Kusvikira zvino, nyanzvi dzemitauro Russian usaregedza kushanda, kuramba kuongorora akasiyana zvitaera, tumitauro uye idioms. Chete zvino inofananidza vakanyora mabasa kwete chete, asiwo kuti vagoverane zvinhu zvavo pamwechete vadzidzi vepayunivhesiti ano. Pashure pezvose, ruzhinji philologists achishanda mumayunivhesiti uye tsvakurudzo Kudya.

Foreign philology

Bazi iri sayenzi yaitaura kudzidza mitauro yokumwe, nhoroondo dzavo uye unhu. Dzakadzidza muudzame mabhuku nhaka, mabasa kuitwa-Kunyatsoongorora zvitaera uye tumitauro, zivo iyo yakafurira zvikuru munhu anogona kutaura uye kunzwisisa chizvarwa vakurukuri. Big basa rokushandura tsika.

Zvinogona refu kudzidza nemitemo chiperengo, girama uye phonetics, asi iwe unogona kutaura zvakanaka uye kushandura kutaura pasina nokudzidziswa hunobatsira.

Kuva philologist

Iva nyanzvi uye vanozvipira zvikuru inonakidza pamusoro sayenzi inogona kugamuchirwa panguva rorusununguko Philology. Kune masangano akawanda kupa dzakagadzirirwa kwakadaro. Vamwe vavo vane dhipatimendi kubata matavi siyana wemitauro: kungava necheSalvic, Indo-European, Romance uye eGermany Philology.

Kusarudza nhungamiro, mudzidzi mumwe nomumwe anogona kusarudza mutauro uye vanhu vake vanofarira vakawanda uye vane ukama achava kuziva. Philological rorusununguko dzakanakisisa kuRussia kuzivikanwa vakadai masangano sezvo:

• Moscow State University;
• Russian okuyamura State University;
• Nizhny Novgorod State University ainzi pashure Dobrolyubov;
• Southern Federal University ;
• Pyatigorsk mitauro State University ;
• Mitauro Irkutsk State University;
• Moscow kwomutauro State University.

Ichi mazita zvikuru akakurumbira establishments pakati vechidiki. Asi pane dzimwe pfungwa mazhinji mumayunivhesiti apo unogona kudzidza kufarira rwendo.