Inerts - Kazhinji pfungwa, Properties uye Applications

Inert magasi tiri akakudzwa, rwugare huru subgroup wechisere boka periodic hurongwa. Izvo pane chete nhanhatu: nehelium (Iye), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), xenon (Xe), uye radon (Rn). Kuti tinzwisise mamiriro, tanga funga pfungwa inertia. Inertness - simba okuti kana kushaya mano sei nevamwe zvine maatomu akafanana. Kuti mushonga maitiro kuumba Links itsva izvi zvinhu kutonetsa.

Saizvozvowo, imwe inert gasi - haiwanzowaniki vanokudzwa monatomic gasi ane mukuru inertia, riri nokuda zvinoshingaira kugadzikana kwokunze chechetere Erekitironi goko yacho atomu. Somuenzaniso, nehelium mu goko ichi marairirwo maviri maerekitironi uye mamwe vanokudzwa magasi - masere. Izvi inotsanangura dzavo zvivako mumuviri nemakemikari. All inert magasi pasi kwomuzvarirwo ezvinhu magasi vari Hauoneki, odorless uye havaratidzi soluble mumvura. Dzavo achibika tembiricha utsotso pfungwa zvadarika maererano kuwedzera kukura maatomu.

Kusvikira 1962, masayendisiti vaiva nechivimbo chokuti zvose anokudzwa magasi vari zvachose inert. Asi Canadian kemisiti N. Bartlett aigona kuratidza zvimwe, zvatinogamuchira rokutanga namakemikari remubatanidzwa wenyika xenon, Yaunoti geksaftoroplatinat xenon. remubatanidzwa Uyu orenji hwakasimba ane sekristaro napamahwindo. Naizvozvo vanoverengeka yeimwe yave akawedzera zvikuru.

Kuwanda uye dzidzo zvakasikwa

In zvakasikwa yomuchinda gasi nehelium ndicho, uye mune yenyika ezvinhu - argon (by vhoriyamu nayo anopindura 0,934%). In uwandu inert magasi inowanikwa matombo chidukuduku magasi dzinongoitika combustible zvinhu, uye mune ichiputswa muchimiro chinogona kuwanikwa mafuta uye mvura.

In dzinongoitika ezvinhu, vanokudzwa magasi anogona vanowanika somugumisiro siyana zvenyukireya siyana. Somuenzaniso, panobva radon vari radioactive uranium exchange zvinodhaka. Vamwe mishonga iyi ine COSMOGENIC mavambo.

All inert magasi kunze Rawdon, vane nhamba isotopes.

Mumatanda pamusoro magasi aya haina ipfupi. Zvishoma nezvishoma chete, zvishoma nezvishoma akaparadza kupinda yomuchadenga muchadenga.

kunyoresa

Inert magasi vari zvinowanzoshandiswa zvemagetsi mapurani. Argon, tichifunga basa uye yakaderera chafariz conductivity, rinoshandiswa musanganiswa pamwe senitrogen nokuti wakazadza dzemagetsi mwenje. Argon uye neon yakazara chubhu chiedza okushambadza, uye achatonga yebhuruu, uye neon - orange-tsvuku.

Imwe Argon rinoshandiswa kwemakemikari mumarabhoritari. In indasitiri, izvozvo awana chikumbiro kuti kupisa mabatiro simbi nyore oxidizable. The argon inopa unodzivirira mumhepo iri kuita nomoto kana kucheka isingawanzowanikwi uye non-ferrous simbi simbi tungsten, titanium, zirconium. Kudzora kufefetedza gadziriro vaishandisa radioactive isotopes ose argon.

Krypton uye xenon vane vachiri nechepazasi chafariz conductivity pane Argon, saka vakazadzwa mwenje Zvinokosha zvakaisvonaka uye mari pane avo akazara senitrogen kana argon.

Siyana fema musanganiswa nehelium uye okisijeni, izvo zvinogona yekudyidzana kuwedzera nguva yavo kugara pasi mumvura uye zvinoshamisa kunoderedza marwadzo anokonzerwa nokuchinja nevezera panguva pamukwidzwa pemvura.

Liquid nehelium inoshandiswa sezvo refrigerant muzvidzidzo siyana, sezvo gasi tembiricha iri kubika -268,9 ° C.

Full inertia enzvimbo nehelium inoshandiswa Welding kwaro mhepo, nokuti pagadzirwe mukuru-kutsvinda simbi, chromatography. Uye zvinoita kuti kusika yakakwirira permeability vhinza michina iri midziyo yakaderera uye yakakwirira kuvafurira.