Gray uye chena nyaya uropi

Uropi hwomunhu rinoumbwa chena uye pfumbu nyaya. Chokutanga - ndiye zvose vakazadzwa pakati pfumbu nyaya iri cortex uye basal nuclei. Pamusoro pemvura rukoko ane yunifomu pfumbu nyaya masero etsinga vane ukobvu chinhu hafu kune millimeters mana.

Dzakadzidza zvose, chii vachena uye chena nyaya muuropi.

Kubva chii izvi zvinhu

CNS fuma iri pakubhadhara maviri: chena uye pfumbu.

White fuma anoumbwa munhu muzvizhinji tsinga fibers uye tsinga sero pezvakaitwa, iro hamvuropu ane chena ruvara.

The pfumbu nyaya ine masero etsinga pamwe kwendangariro. Tsinga fibers batanidza dzakasiyana dzenyika nechepakati tsinga uye tsinga nzvimbo.

Gray uye chena nyaya musana

Inhomogeneous zvinhu wemuviri pfumbu uye chena. Mifananidzo yokutanga akawandisa Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu, izvo kuramba ari neerekitironi vari vatatu mhando:

• masero radicular;
• Beam Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu;
• masero zvemukati.

White nyaya runopoteredza musana pfumbu nyaya. Inoitwa urongwa tsinga, composes zvitatu faibha enyika:

• intercalary uye afferent Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu kuti batanidza dzakasiyana zvikamu musana;
• kutsinga dzinouya afferent chinhu refu centripetal;
• gwenya afferent kana refu Centrifugal.

medulla oblongata

tinoziva kuti anatomi Chokwadi, kuti musana inofambidzana elongated. Kuuropi pamusoro mukobvu kupfuura pasi. Avhareji kureba 25 millimeters, uye yakaita munhu truncated cone.

Inokudziridza giravhiti uye auditory nhengo chokuita kufema uye kufamba kweropa. Naizvozvo, wachena nyaya chinoumba zvinodzorwa nepakati, muviri, kuparadzirwa, afemeruke, kufamba Kufambisa.

hindbrain

uropi ichi rinoumbwa zambuko uye cerebellum. Funga pfumbu uye chena nyaya navo. Bridge huru chena chinotenderera neshure divi zvitsigiro. Kune rumwe rutivi akaratidza muganhu waro makumbo uropi, uye pane dzimwe - ane refu. Kana tikaita pamuchinjikwa-chikamu, chena nyaya uye ndachena nuclei pano achaonekwa kwazvo. Transverse fibers vagovere uchitevedzera ventral uye dorsal munzvimbo. Mugore ventral chena nyaya vainyanya makwara varipo uye ndachena pano rinoumbwa paro.

The dorsal ndechokuti nuclei: ari nokuchinja, reticular inotungamirwa, kutsinga dzinouya gadziriro uye cranial tsinga.

The cerebellum riri pasi occipital lobes. Chinosanganisira hemisphere uye pakati chikamu rinonzi "honye". The pfumbu nyaya cortex uye cerebellar nuclei izvo shatro-, nodular, uye probkovidnym giya. White nyaya uropi muchikamu ichi riri pasi omuti yacho cerebellum. Panoparadzana mwoyo gyrus zvose sezvo maplatelet chena uye chinosanganisira zvakasiyana fibers, izvo kana kusunga zvidimbu uye meanders kana akatumwa munyika cores kana batanidza uropi zvikamu.

midbrain

Rinotanga pakati chepfungwa sefuro. Kune rumwe rutivi yakafanana pemvura brainstem pakati pineal shwanu uye pfungwa yokumusoro nechikepe uye panorumwe - pakati mammillary miviri mugove uye mugove pamberi zambuko.

Chinosanganisira chepfungwa mugero, kurutivi rumwe rutivi kuti muganhu inopiwa pedenga, uye kuno rumwe - tai tambo makumbo. On the ventral mugove kusiyanisa veshure Perforated fuma uye hombe pfungwa hunde, ukuwo dorsal - denga ndiro uye mubato okumusoro cusps.

Kana tikafunga cerebral mugero iri chena uye ndachena nyaya uropi, tinoona kuti chena runopoteredza nechepakati pfumbu fuma anoumbwa masero akanaka uye kuva Ukobvu 2 kusvika 5 millimeters. Inoitwa chidhina, uye trigeminal cranial etsinga, pamwe chete mamwe tsanga uye wokupedzisira zvenguva.

diencephalon

Riri pakati corpus callosum uye kwedenga uye laterally fused pamwe pakupedzisira pfungwa. The dorsal weboka ine thalamus, pamusoro inova nadbugore, uye riri munzvimbo ventral mudunhu nizhnebugornaya.

Gray nyaya rinoumbwa pamusoro nuclei, ayo chokuita utetsa nzvimbo.
White nyaya makwara dzinoturwa kwakasiyana-siyana, kuona kubatana nokuumbwa uropi cortex uye mwoyo. The diencephalon kunosanganisirawo pituitary uye pineal shwanu.

endbrain

Inomiririrwa hemispheres maviri, izvo Anopatsanura slots achimhanya pamwe navo. It chinobatanidza kuti kudzika corpus callosum uye yakatesvera panyanga dzacho.

The mhango inopiwa lateral ventricles, riri rimwe uye yechipiri hemisphere. hemispheres izvi akaumbwa:

• nguo neocortex kana-goko nhanhatu masero zvakasiyana tsinga;
• striatum of basal ganglia - yekare, akwegura uye itsva;
• partitions.

Asi dzimwe nguva pane imwe kupatsanura:

• olfactory pfungwa;
• subcortex;
• vachena nyaya cortex.

Pasina pfumbu nyaya kugunzva, kumisa pakarepo pamusoro chena.

About zvaidiwa chena nyaya hemispheres

The chena nyaya uropi inoremekedzwa yose nzvimbo pakati vachena uye basal nuclei. Pane kuwanda tsinga fibers. Zvinotevera zvinowanikwa chena nyaya:

• fuma nechepakati womukati Kamudzira, corpus callosum uye refu fibers;
• vanopenya korona yakashatiswa mumufambiro fibers;
• semioval muzinda rokunze migove;
• fuma iri grooves pakati convolutions.

Tsinga fibers ndiwo:

• commissural;
• associative;
• Fungidziro.

The chena fuma zvinosanganisira tsinga fibers, izvo zvakabatanidzwa mumwe uye vamwe convolutions pakati cerebral cortex nezvimwe masangano.

tsinga fibers

Kumboda commissural fibers Chikamu corpus callosum. Ivo riri muuropi commissures kuti batanidza nemakwati akasiyana hemispheres uye zvakafanana, ichibata pfungwa.

Internet associative zvikamu dzikarongwa mumwe chete hemisphere. In ichi pfupi batanidza pedyo gyri, uye refu - vari kure zvikuru mumwe.

Fibers fungidziro chokuita goko idzodzo kuti dziri rezasi uye mberi arikunze.

Kana womukati Kamudzira maonero frontal chikamu achava kuonekwa lenticular neerekitironi tsoka hadzi. Fungidziro fibers akakamurwa:

• fibers pakukoka kubva thalamus kusvika cortex uye negwara, ivo rokumutsa uye nemakwati vari Centrifugal;
• fibers yakanangana tsinga injini nuclei;
• fibers, kupa pulses kuti tsandanyama muviri wose;
• faibha rinotungamirirwa kubva cortex kusvika zambuko nuclei, yokudzora uye kupa braking chiito kushanda cerebellum.

Vaya sandara fibers kuti vari pedyo nemakwati, ndinosika korona inobwinya. Ipapo mukuru chikamu kwavo anopinda yomukati Kamudzira, sezvamakaropafadzwa chena hwakasimba pakati caudate uye lenticular nuclei uye thalamus.

Panyika pane muenzaniso zvikuru kunzwisisa apo humwewo mihoronga anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri therebetween. Dzinonzi gyri. Deep miforo vagovane hemisphere dzimwe nzvimbo huru, iyo vanonzi lobes. Kazhinji sulcus uropi vanoodzwa nomumwe, vanogona kuva akasiyana chaizvo kuti vanhu vakasiyana.

The hemispheres vane lobes shanu:

• frontal;
• parietal;
• nezvenyama;
• occipital;
• islet.

Muforo nechepakati anobva pa pamusoro hemisphere uye kunoita pasi uye mberi frontal akafukidza. Rear chikamu nechepakati sulcus ndiye parietal lobes, iyo inoguma parietooccipital muforo.

Frontal akafukidza rakakamurwa meanders mana, tote uye zvido zvevanhu.
The lateral penyika zvenyama akafukidza chinomiririrwa convolutions matatu ayo delimited nepedyo.

Sulcus of occipital akafukidza vari shanduka. Asi munhu wose Kazhinji ane muchinjikwa, riri kwakabatana kuguma interparietal muforo.

It riri parietal akafukidza paburi achimhanya akaererana nechepakati chinjikira uye kubatanidzwa nomumwe nezvimwe paburi. Zvichienderana nzvimbo dzavo, mugove ichi rakakamurwa convolutions zvitatu.

Island ine mativi chimiro. It yakafukidzwa hupfupi convolutions.

pfungwa lesion

Nemhaka nebudiriro nesayenzi yemazuva vakava zvinogoneka kuita yepamusorosoro chirwere uropi. Saka, kana pane pathological lesion iri chena nyaya inogona kuonekwa vachiri Danho uye kuti basa kurapwa nenzira nenguva nenzira.

Pakati nezvirwere zvinokonzerwa maronda ari fuma, kusunungura icho mutemo polushaniyah, capsules zvokurwara, corpus callosum uye syndromes yakavhenganiswa hunhu. Somuenzaniso, apo rwemberi gumbo kukuvara imwe hafu womunhu muviri kunogona kutadzisa. dambudziko iri zvinogona kuitika chete havachanyatsogoni nehanya kana kuona munda kuremara. Atadze kushanda zvakanaka pamusoro corpus callosum mutobvu kuti chirwere chepfungwa. Panyaya iyi, munhu hunoguma kuziva dzakapoteredza zvinhu, zviitiko, nezvimwewo, kana hakuiti zviito chinangwa. Kana pfungwa iri mbiri-kuzviitirwa, anogona kuitwa pakuparadza zvinetso uye matauriro.

Hazvibviri kuona kukosha zvose pfumbu uye chena nyaya muuropi. Saka nokukurumidza ticherechedze pamberi chirwere, nani mikana kuti kurapwa vachabudirira.