Chepfu, kupatsanura yavo

Chemical yomuchipatara zvinomiririra hunokachidza makemikari anoshandiswa atema vapenyu ehondo muvengi munguva yehondo. Vane nhamba mumuviri uye namakemikari zvivako, saka kuti mumamiriro ezvinhu rehondo kuve emura, aerosol kana nemhute ehurumende uye zvinoumba hwaro kwemakemikari zvombo (chombo zvinoparadza). RH zvinopfuura siyana akazaruka dzoga, pokugara kana mamiriro uye sei zvinenge vakawana imomo, nokuchengeta migumisiro yavo imwe nguva pashure kushandiswa.

Chemical hondo nevasori kupinda munzvimbo muviri munzira dzakawanda: kuburikidza ganda, kufema kana zvomudumbu zvomukati, mucous membranes. The dhigirii uye hunhu akatyoka kuvimba pathway mumuviri, kuparadzirwa uye kubviswa prices ayo, uyewo modes kuita kuti zvine chepfu, uye munhu zvatariswa womunhu muviri.

To musi, hapana chaicho kupatsanura izvi zvinhu. Mukuru ukoshi ndiwo:

1. vasiri kupatsanura (nezvatinoita pamusoro muviri). Izvi zvinosanganisira non-kuramba zvine chepfu, kuramba uye muchetura smoky nevamiririri.

a) asiri kuramba yomuchipatara - anogona kukanganisa mhepo, zvinoumba gore chiutsi, iyo dzakagoverwa pamusoro mhepo negwara uye akaparadza asi nokukurumidza.

b) Kuramba Ob - emura zvinhu, kutanga gore kuti utachiona aerosol. Chikamu mishonga iiswe muchimiro dova rakapoteredza.

c) smoky Ob - anoshandiswa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana utsi uye panofanira nezvishoma.

2. Tactical kupatsanura (pamusoro maitiro ari mamiriro enzvimbo). Izvi zvinosanganisira chepfu inouraya, dzinorarama kwenguva imwe nguva uye kunovhiringidza nevamiririri.

a) ngozi - kushumira kubvisa zvipenyu.

b) dzinorarama - kushumira kusika kukanganisika kwepfungwa muvanhu.

c) irritants - inoshandiswa aneta vanhu.

Uyewo, hunhu matambudziko pamusoro muviri womunhu secrete:

1. tsinga mumiriri (sarin, VX, soman) - ane phosphorus, zvokuti muchetura. Vane kukwanisa kuunganidza uye kukanganisa tsinga munhu chero nzira kupinda mumuviri. Izvi Hauoneki mvura asina kwakanaka, zviri nyore soluble mune zvokufembedzwa inoitika, asi isingasviki zvose mumvura.

2. hunokachidza OM (phosphine, arsine, hydrocyanic acid) - kutyora zvinyama afemeruke, kumbomira dzavo pezvakaitwa oxidative. Izvi zvinhu kupinda muviri kuburikidza kufema uye gastrointestinal zvomukati.

3. asphyxiant (chloropicrin, phosgene uye diphosgene) - yarova zvemapapu rinenge uye okumusoro kufema turakiti kuburikidza kufema hurongwa, zvichikonzera pulmonary edema, kubitirwa uye rufu.

4. kunetsa zvine chepfu (CS, CR gasi, chloroacetophenone) - hunoita kuti kutsamwa ari mucous membranes ari kufema emuviri uye maziso. Richishandiswa muchimiro aerosols, kukonzera kutsva, kufema muviri, cardiac kusungwa uye rufu.

5. mhoni RH (lewisite, kwetsanga gasi) - anopinda muviri kuburikidza ganda uye mucous membranes, zvichikonzera chepfu uye ulceration pfungwa kunyorerana ganda.

6. Psychogenic vamiririri (Ob, BZ) - kukonzera panyama nepfungwa uye psychoses kubudikidza kudimburira neuromuscular hutachiwana pulses.

7. muchetura (botulinum, staphylococcal enteroksin) - kukonzera nechepakati tsinga muviri, kurutsa, nomuchetura muviri.

Saka, kuti zvevakomana, taidzidza zvinenge nemhando dzose zvine chepfu. Vose vanokwanisa yekutapurira muviri womunhu, zvichiita chepfu yake. For rakakodzera kudzivirirwa zvakakosha nokukurumidza wanikidza RH, akaisa mhando uye yevasungwa. Chete zvino tinogona kubudirira nemigumisiro yakanaka urongwa zvokurapa kubatsira vawirwa munguva yehondo.