Human kukanganisa zvakatipoteredza: matambudziko uye nzira dzokuagadzirisa nadzo

mabasa Human dzose kunaka nezvinhu zvakatipoteredza, uye nokuda kwaizvozvi uye navamwe kwezvakatipoteredza. Modern zvinhu nevanhu kwakaita kuti kunyanyisa kusimbisa Parikova maturo, kudziya kwepasi, ozone kuparadzwa, iine acid mvura nezvimwe zvinetso zvemhoteredzo.

girinihausi kushanda

Nhasi simba dzevanhu pamusoro mhepo zvikuru. Zuva nezuva pane makambani matsva uye mota kuti emit chinokosha yakawanda negasi. Vose vari kusimbiswa mumhepo, zvichiita kuti chidzoke ane simba girinihausi maturo. Ndizvo mano vamwe magasi ichayerera pemvura nyika zvikuru zuva nemwaranzi.

Kana zvepanyama kukura inokudza kushanda mumwe zvinhu zvoupenyu Panyika, sezvazviri nekuvongwa iye, isu tiponeswe senguva tembiricha. Zvisinei, nokuda kuwedzera gasi wevasungwa mumhepo ino mwero anonetseka. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, nhasi, vanoona nezvezvakatipoteredza forecasters vanoti kuwedzera avhareji tembiricha yose.

Choutsi kuti carbon dioxide inobvisa

Rinokosha kwevanhu rokuchinja mumhepo nokuda zvinoverengeka. Izvi anonyanya kabhoni dioxide. It ane pasi zvinogona girinihausi, asi anogona kuvapo ari muchadenga kuti emakore. Naizvozvo, carbon dioxide kuti wevasungwa achikura kuva munhu dambudziko pose zvishoma nezvishoma, asi panguva imwe chete uye nechivimbo.

Kwainyanya kubva pafuma iri kuitika - kugadzira nokupisa mafuta, marasha, gasi, i.e., Coal. kukosha kwavo vanhu hakungagoni dzakanaka - nemhaka rinochiwedzera izvi pave vanenge 80% simba zvenyika. Zvichakadaro, vanhu zvinodiwa kukura. Kune mafekitari itsva, guta - rino zvose kunosimbisa vanhu kukanganisa mumhepo. Gore negore nerubatsiro carbon dioxide inobvisa mune zvakatipoteredza iri kuwedzera munenge hafu chikamu pfungwa.

Pane zvimwe zvikonzero kunomanikidza zvakatipoteredza. Saka zvishoma nezvishoma kuderera musango nharaunda iri ichinaya uye dzinopisa zvikamu kunokonzera mamwe kusunungurwa kabhoni oxidized. Izvi zvinobatsira kwete chete zvisikwa asiwo munhu. upfumi basa Its vanoshingaira chinokonzera zvishoma nezvishoma nokuveza pasi dzakawanda masango.

Nokuda kuchinja mumhepo kabhoni dioxide kuwedzera kushanda kusanganisira kumakungwa, iyo absorbs uye urwa mukomboni. Uku, kukura iro wakaputsika nokuda kupindira kwevanhu. Scale Exchange pakati zvomumhepo uye zvakadzamisisa akaturikidzana penyanza achiri haisiri anoongwa. peculiarity charo kuti muitiro uyu yairevererwa anochinja mararamiro yose yose. Sezvo munhu kukanganisa muchadenga zvakunoita photosynthesis, izvo dzishande bhuku iri carbon dioxide.

zvakawandisa methane

Inokudza kwepasi kunosimudzirwa uyewo nokuda mukuru wevasungwa pamusoro methane, riri kukura nokuda kwevanhu zvinhu. kwakanyorwa achiumbwa vivo muna anezvimiti, muna mupunga paddies, uye zvichingodaro. d. Asi nhasi, vanenge 60% kuti methane mumhepo ichibudira kubva combustion pamusoro Tourism, mafuta achinatsa uye gasi kugadzirwa. Zvose izvi zvinowedzera vanhu kukanganisa mumhepo.

Muchidimbu mamiriro ine nzira yayo yokuderedza uwandu methane. Ichi acho kugadzikana. Zvinonzi kubva mumhepo nokuda kudyidzana nevamwe yeimwe, kusanganisira hydroxyl Ion. Zvisinei, kunyange njodzi dzinongoitika izvi pezvakaitwa nhasi havagoni kuramba wevasungwa kuti methane mune chakaipa kuumbwa. Achienzanisa kwokufananidzira modernity uye pre-mumaindasitiri nguva, masayendisiti vakasvika pakugumisa kuti panguva iyi nhamba mamuka kupfuura kaviri, zvisingagone kuramba pasina migumisiro yose nyika.

kupisa

Nokuda hwakasimba girinihausi avhareji tembiricha munyika pamusoro rokupedzisira remakore kwakawedzera Paavhareji ne 0,6 ° C. Ndiko kuti inokanganisa kwevanhu rokuchinja mumhepo. Uye kunyange zvazvo nhamba ringaita diki uye kusakosha, chaizvoizvo, kuchinja kunyange chiduku akanyatsosiyana kuchinja biosphere.

tembiricha vosimba chokuita kupindira kwevanhu, wakakurumidza pane akurumidze kumhanya kubva 1980. apo nyika dzakawanda dzakatanga kuonekwa zvakawanda zvinomera itsva, uye paiva motokari tiguu. First aramu wakaridza dzezvakatipoteredza, uye ipapo vakasara masayendisiti. Studies panyaya iyi yave ichiitwa chete panguva pakuguma XX remakore, apo paiva yazvino inodiwa mukuru-zvakarurama kuyerwa tembiricha nokupfupisa rakakura siyana mashoko kubva pasi pose.

Kushurudzira remangwana

Nhasi pane dzakawanda yokungotaura yokutevedzera kuti zvimwe zviitiko. Kana matambudziko mabasa evanhu ari mumhepo yakapoteredza achagara chete kana kuramba vachikura (pfungwa iyi kazhinji), kuti anobuda girinihausi magasi kuchawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma. By XXII centennial tembiricha richisimuka pa 2-3 ° C. Saka mukuru kuchinja kuchaitika munyika kunyunguduka uye peArctic mapazi. Chinonyanya kuoneka mugumisiro ndiyo hombe kunyunguduka mazitombo echando. Izvi vakatanga nhasi.

The matambudziko basa evanhu ari mumhepo kuchaita kuti kuwedzera kunayisa. ravo Kuparadzirwa mepu achava zvakawanda mavara kupfuura zvino. Zvisinei, kutora chikamu kwe-siyana dzinongoitika dzoga dzakadai tsunami, madutu, madutu. A yakafanana njodzi mukupera 2005, iri kuchamhembe kwemhenderekedzo kuIndian Ocean, dzikavauraya vanenge zviuru 300 vanhu.

Nokuda rutapudzo pakati polar uye gomo mazitombo echando, avhareji pamwero nyanza inoramba ichiwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma. Mumakore zana apfuura, izvozvo akasimuka 10 - 20 masendimita. Kunyange nhasi, pangozi ndivo chando machira ane Antarctica uye Greenland zvinonyauka aizi. Kukura wegungwa uchava guru nezvainoita zvikamu kumahombekombe umo vanhu vakawanda vararame. zvinosanganisira Netherlands, Bangladesh uye t. D kumatunhu aya.

Chokwadi, zviri kuitika kubatsira hwevanhu vanogona kuva nguva uye kuchinja. Zvose zvinoenderana ukama revanhu dzavo mabhizimisi mabasa. Munyika dzakawanda nhasi vari kuva akakurumbira zvinyorwa nzira simba kuburikidza paunogona kuderedza kushandiswa epetroleum zvinhu nevamwe kunokuvadza mafuta. Somuenzaniso, zviri mahwindimiri uye kwezuva ukomba. The dambudziko pakufamba kuri pamusoro chisarudzo pachikuva. Vamwe motokari vagadziri yemhando kunge pfungwa yacho uye vanatsiridze mhando mhanya pamusoro magetsi.

The kudzikisirana of ozone rukoko

Kunwisa kwepasi - hazvisi chete dambudziko kuti kunomutsa zvakaipa kwevanhu kukanganisa mumhepo. Mukuwedzera, ozone rukoko ichaparadzwa nokuda kwevanhu zvinhu. Zviri troposphere, panguva imwe kukwira vanenge 25 makiromita. Izvi rukoko dzakaonda kunodzivirira pemvura paNyika kubva ultraviolet nemwaranzi, panobva unova zuva.

Nokuda ozone ari troposphere aumba mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka nokuda chidzoke upenyu panyika. Kana vachibatwa ultraviolet nemwaranzi rine kwazvo siyana kenza ganda, zvirwere ziso, nenyonganiso of zvirwere. Uyezve, kunoita kuti vasanyanye zviyo goho, pakaparadzwa plankton dzinofamba mumakungwa uye dzimwe kwakaomarara dzezvakatipoteredza migumisiro.

Pakufurira zvomumhepo pamusoro muviri kwete muduku nokuti kuti nokuda kwevanhu zvinhu ozone akarasikirwa vanenge 5% yavo uremu. Muna 1984, vaongorori British kudzidza Antarctica vakaona chiitiko chinoshamisa. On ino, ivo akanyorwa chihombe ozone "mugomba" - kuwa padanho ozone mairi pa 40% pazasi avhareji. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, nhasi, redu anogamuchira 10 nguva yakawanda ultraviolet nemwaranzi, ichienzaniswa dzinongoitika tsika.

The ozone nyaya wava anovhundutsa kwezvakatipoteredza chiratidzo. Several dzakawanda dzave yakasainwa pakazopera XX remakore, maererano izvo kurapa dzakabudirira vakabvumirana kuderedza dzavo, chokuita nokushandiswa chlorofluorocarbons. anomalies kwakadaro ngozi inomuka chaiyo nokuda izvi zvinhu.

asidhi mvura

Human simba pamusoro muchadenga ane mumwe chimiro. Rinobatanidzwa kuwedzera acidity. In sainzi, muinonzi acidification. Amplification anotanga acidity mumhepo, uye ipapo kunayisa nokuchinja akafanana rwakavapo aqueous vezvenhau uye nevhu.

Dzinongoitika ezvinhu, mufananidzo uyu simba kana kwazvakarerekera. Zvisinei, nokuda kuonekwe senitrogen nesarufa oxides inomuka ngozi asidhi kunayisa. Similar mananara zvingaitika dzinongoitika zvikonzero, semuenzaniso, pashure nezvirwere. Asi basa evanhu hunoita kuti chefuma romupiro mukurusa. Data zvinosanganisira kupisa Tourism zvinokonzera kuti. Izvi anonyanya marasha, anoshandiswa boilers, chafariz simba anosima, mafuta bhizimisi uye simbi.

Agriculture - mumwe mhosva iine acid mvura. Mhosva senitrogen fetiraiza, izvo varimi zvose kubva kunyika dzakasiyana-siyana zvinoshandiswa yakawanda. Makemikari muvhu, uye kubva ikoko dzimwe nzvimbo kwezvakatipoteredza, kusanganisira mhepo.

Kuburikidza nemvura inonaya iine acid mapopoma ari mararamiro uye kukuvara masango, pasi, Makungwa nenzizi. Nokuda senitrogen yeimwe kune zvakawanda algae, izvo tibatsirwe okisijeni. Mukuwedzera, mhepo vaparadzwa nokuchinja nechekumashure nemwaranzi Panyika, uyewo pakuenzanisa zvinovaka muviri ari zvakatipoteredza.

mhepo kusviba

Zuva nezuva, boka chafariz simba, kemikari maindasitiri, ferrous uye asiri ferrous nesimbi emit itsva zvinhu zvinokuvadza. Izvi zvinotungamirira nechekumashure mhepo kusvibiswa pamusoro nzvimbo huru munyika dzose. Mararamiro maguta ano azere nezvishoma (somuenzaniso, inorema nesimbi), uye zvinomera mairi chinovatadzisa kana kushandurwa. Chikonzero zvose kuderera uku - iyo Absorção de Água zvomumhepo rinenge rose periodic table.

A dambudziko nokudenga, izvo zvakakanganisa upenyu hwemamiriyoni evanhu, zvinoda zvingaitwa. Nhasi, asina kunaka kuitika kukanganisa utano hwevanhu kwaita kuti pakatanga michina mitsva chokuita kuchenesa upenyu uye kugadzirwa tsvina. Kwenguva yakareba vanhu vakarwisana kusvibiswa kuburikidza nokuchenesa navo. Nguva yaratidza kuti nzira iyi zvakaipa.

Problem anofanira kudziviswa, kwete kuti kugadzirisa mushure chiitiko. Kuti aite izvi, mirai kunze utsanana-kudzivirirwa munyika dzine Kusuma madhorobha kuronga itsva uye mumaindasitiri kuvakwa. Pakupedzisira, akatanga kwemitemo inorambidza uye Zvirango. Zvehurumende ngadzirambe kukosha kunonyanyisa bvumidzwa kuwanda noxious zvinhu zviri mumhepo. Kuongororwa uye kugara macheki nemhepo yakasviba. Kugadzirwa zvimwe zvinhu zvavo hakubvumidzwi kana zvikuru kurambidzwa.

Health kava

The inokanganisa yakasviba mhepo iri utano hwevanhu kuramba kukura nokuda emakore apfuura. Vanhu (kunyanya vanogara mumaguta) ose zuva fema zvinokuvadza mudenga. Izvi asbestos nezvimedu, carbon dema, vatungamirire hwakasimba chimiro, sulfuric asidhi uye Mahydrocarbon muchimiro duku mumate, uyewo magasi akasiyana-siyana. Anoendeswa pamwechete, matambudziko ose aya zvinhu kungowira kufema. Uyezve, anowedzera ngozi cardio-vascular hunhu.

The matambudziko kusvibiswa mhepo utano hwevanhu zvinoenderana muviri chokuziva kubatwa kune imwe kuongorora chirwere. Asi kuitika chirwere ane vakawanda kuitika, zvakatemwa neboka guru pfungwa imwe fuma. Somuenzaniso, carbon monoxide, sarufa yeimwe, propylene, mafuta acids, kutungamirira uye nemekiyuri chikonzero zvirwere chokuita kweropa maitiro. Zvirwere pfungwa nhengo uye tsinga, kazhinji nokuda pamberi chromium yeimwe uye silica. Phenol, fluoro, guruva, rehydrogen sulfide uye kabhoni disulfide vari yakaorera maberekero chikonzero chirwere kunoita zvomudumbu nhengo.

Petroleum zvigadzirwa, Arsenic uye benzene kupinda mumhepo nhasi vari chinetso chakakomba ari siyanei nzvimbo. All izvi zvinhu zvinokanganisa okubereka kushanda dzemuviri. boka iri zvinosanganisira makemikari yeimwe, kusanganisira dioxins.

kukuvara motokari

Maererano masayendisiti 'Masvomhu paavhareji akabuda zvinokuvadza mumhepo uye akazoita upenyu dzedenga kwenguva 3 kusvika 5 years. The matambudziko kusvibiswa mhepo iri hwomunhu anonyanya kukonzerwa kuramba motokari kushandiswa. Mafuta ari inopiswa michina zvakaenzana uye kwete zvachose, nokuti mune zvakatipoteredza uye vawane fuma anokuvadza vanhu. Kana uchityaira wapera 15 chete% peturu. The yasara 85% vari iiswe mhepo uye kupinda mhepo.

The combustion mukamuri injini iri motokari iri makemikari reactor, generating muchetura akakura itsva. Kunyange zvavo nokuda zvimwe zvinhu, pane akanaka evanhu kukanganisa muchadenga, zvose zvakanaka izvi zviripo kana kuchienzaniswa kusvikira migumisiro kushandiswa motokari kumhanya pamusoro peturu. Kubva michina kuramba choutsi zvikukutu zvakadaro chin'ai uye kutungamirira. Rakachengetedzwa nechepamusoro Mahydrocarbon, zvimwe izvo zvinowedzera mukana kenza.