Pedagogy - chii? Pfungwa yokuti 'pedagogy ". Professional Pedagogy

Dzidzo sezvo rinokosha nzvimbo yebasa kwevanhu kudzidza pedagogy. Chii chiri kudzidzisa, kuti akasimuka uye chii tsanangudzo chinogona kupa?

Mabviro

Izwi iri rinonakidza chaizvo mavambo. MuGirisi yekare, inotsigira tenzi muranda vana vake kuchikoro aiva imwe zita - pedagogy. Chii ukoshi kwakaguma? Just pamusoro mutauro rekare rokuti "mwana" vaGiriki kwainge "paydos" uye rechiito "kutungamirira" anotaurwa so "Figaro." Zvakaratidza kuti "muperekedzi-nhapwa" anonzi "paydogogosom".

Sezvo shoko "pedagogy" zvachinja pamusoro nguva. Chii pedagogy nhasi? Munguva munhuwo Mupfungwa ndiko zvose kutsigirwa chete mwana, mumwe mudzidzi, asi kukura kwebasa mabasa akadaro mumwe kunosuwisa. Teacher - ndiye kuitwawo upenyu hwomwana.

Kubva munhoroondo pedagogy. West chikoro

Kuti mashoko sei kuti kudzidziswa, achiti vazivi vakakurumbira zvikuru. Somuenzaniso, Immanuel Kant, uyo akararama XVIII remakore, vaidavira kuti socialization wacho ari yekudzidza - huru chokushandisa kubatsira kusika tsika unhu, vanokwanisa wevapenyu munyika wenzanga yakabudirira uye muuye kubatsira vanhu.

Mafungiro akadaro anogona kunzi akura kuti nguva yaro, nekuti kusvikira XIX remakore, dzidzo akanga zvakabatana chaizvo chitendero. Kuverenga vanhu ipapo dzaiwanzova vafundisi, vashumiri machechi uye dzimba dzemamongi, izvo zviri kuita pakudzidzisa mabasa ari ndima chete edzidziso.

Big kuchinja chikoro Western pedagogy kwave kuchiita mukuvamba XX remakore. Education ari zvishoma nezvishoma kutanga kuenda kure chaizvo canons dzechitendero uye vakava fanira chokufunga yevanhu nokuzvidzora uye vakapfuma. Pakati pezana remakore rapfuura muWestern Europe uye North America yakatsvairwa dzidzo kuchinja. Zvakaguma kuvakwa itsva, zvikuru dzevanhu vaifarira uye panguva imwecheteyo, uye pamusoro zvido mumwe nomumwe mudzidzi, uye zvinodiwa nevanhu yose.

Pedagogy muRussia

Dzidzo iri Kievan Rus akanga nechokuita nechitendero. Uyezve, chinangwa chikuru kuverenga kurovedza iyoyo vapristi itsva, vanhu vanogona kuparidza uye kuparadzira shoko raMwari vakawanda.

Zvisinei, akadzidzisa kuverenga nevana. KuMiddle Ages zvakanga vainyanya vana vapfumi uye simba vabereki. Asi zvishoma nezvishoma, zvishoma nezvishoma achienda dzidzo kune vakawanda.

Kurovedza mudzidzisi kwakatanga XVIII remakore. Akavhura vadzidzisi 'seminaries uye Kudya, uye vakaziva kukosha dzidzo muupenyu Russian munzanga uye pedagogy somunhu sainzi.

Chete panguva yaitonga Soviet Union, muna 30s remakore rapfuura, dzidzo yakava madikanwa. Young vana kubvira pamakore 7 aifanira kupfuura zvose zvorwendo dzidzo, saka nemhaka yokuva kuverenga uye vakangwara vanhu.

Asi ngatirege kugumisa yedu muchidimbu nhoroondo digression uye anozodzidza dzidziso pedagogy.

Science Pedagogy

Chii pedagogy sechinhu nesayenzi? To musi zvinonzi aronga tsanangudzo dzakasiyana-siyana zvikuru. Zvisinei, pfupi uye capacious anogona kunzi zvinotevera: pedagogy - sayenzi dzidzo.

How zvimwe kuti vanokurondedzera? Pedagogy - sayenzi kuchinjwa ruzivo kubva vakuru kumuduku, uyewo zvinoshingaira kuitwa Vadzidzi akashuma ruzivo rwavo. Sezvaunogona kuona, tsanangudzo iyi rinowanikwa zvevhiki yebasa edzidzo: nayo rinoitwa uye vachinzwisisa mudzidzisi nevadzidzi vake.

Pedagogy - ndiwo zvakare sayenzi nokudzidziswa uye dzidzo, uyewo kuzvipira kudzidza, kuzvicheka-dzidzo uye kuzvidzora-dzidzo. Tsanangudzo Izvi zvinoreva pezvakaitwa pematanho kuranga ichi sezvo chiitwa. Panyaya iyi, kusimbisa iri kuiswa chokwadi kuti pfungwa "pedagogy" kunosanganisira iri nedanho rwemberi: uyo anodzidzisa uye uyo anodzidza.

Chii kudzidza sayenzi iyi? Ngatitaurei pamusoro wayo chaiwo hunhu.

Nyaya uye chinangwa pedagogy

In ose sainzi ine chinhu chacho uye pasi. Uye pedagogy Chokwadi, hapana chakasara. Saka, nyaya pedagogy ndiyo paumbwe unhu mudzidzi wake kukura kuti munguva kurovedza. The chinhu pedagogy - ndiwo muitiro vadzidzi 'dzidzo. saka Inonzi kuchinjwa ruzivo kubva vakuru kumuduku.

Pane mutongo yakakanganiswa kuti chinangwa pedagogy - mudzidzi, kamwe payo nechinangwa mudzidzisi kudzidzisa mabasa. Izvi hazvisi izvo. Mukuita nezivo munhu pachake haachinji, kuchinja zviri kuitika panguva padanho nyaya usingaoneki - womunhu unhu. Uye saka basa kwepfungwa kazhinji akarondedzera pedagogy, uye mudzidzisi ose zvakanaka chaizvoizvo ari mweya zvishoma wepfungwa.

Mashandiro anoita pedagogy sechinhu sainzi

Kufanana chero sainzi, pedagogy ine pachake nerevane. Vanogona rakakamurwa yokungotaura uye inoshanda.

By yokungotaura pedagogy Mabasa dzinosanganisira:

• kudzidza vaunganidza pamusoro emakore ruzivo nevanhu pedagogy, uyewo kukura azvino nokuveza-kumucheto kuitika mumunda dzidzo;
• Chirwere kuti aripo pedagogical ezvinhu uye mananara, kumisa zvinangwa zvavo uye kukura;
• vaigadzirira chirongwa zvakajeka hwezvekuita zvainanga kuchinja mamiriro ano dzidzo uye kuvandudzika kwayo.

Practical mabasa:

• yamuro kukura, zvirongwa, vatungamiriri dzaizopiwa vadzidzisi;
• sumo iri dzidzo tsika yakachena kuitika;
• kupima uye kuongorora migumisiro pedagogical basa.

Ndeipi dzidziso basa?

Basa mudzidzisi, murayiridzi aidzidzisa dzidzo yomwana unhu - huru. Education Chokwadi, kufungawo mamiriro ezvinhu nemhuri, uye enlists kubatsirwa vabereki vomwana. Zvisinei, chikuru kurovedza uye kudzidzisa basa kuitwa zvisinei mudzidzisi. Ndechipi pedagogical basa uye chii tsanangudzo chinogona kupa?

Educational basa - ndiwo muitiro tama vadzidzi evanhu ruzivo vaunganidza nevanhu, uyewo nokusika akanaka ezvinhu kuti kukura mwana wacho. Hazvina hazvo akaita mudzidzisi chete chikoro kana muzvinafundo yunivhesiti. Zvechokwadi, nyanzvi pedagogy inopa dzidzo mudzidzisi wacho kwenyanzvi. Zvisinei, kana tiri kufunga mubereki kurayiridza vana vake, tichanzwisisa kuti zviito zvake kunogona kunzi nedzidziso mabasa. Mushure anopfuura ruzivo ake kuchizvarwa chevechiduku, uye pakudaro anochinja unhu vana.

Chii chinosiyanisa akatungamirira mabasa edzidzo kubva kunomumwe - kuti ane chinangwa chakajeka. Uye chinangwa ichi - dzidzo.

Ndepapi pedagogical basa mudzidzisi basa?

Educational basa hakusi husingaoneki pfungwa. Rakakamurwa marudzi akawanda, imwe neimwe ine hunobatsira kugutsikana kwayo uye chinangwa. Saka, mudzidzisi wose aongorora yekudzidza uye kudzidza nheyo yokungotaura wokupupura ake. Uyezve, mumwe mudzidzisi ari pedagogical kusakarongeka anoziva zvechadenga unhu vadzidzi vavo. Basa iri unonzi zvishande kana Gnostic.

Mudzidzisi mazano. Anova nzira itsva uye zvirongwa, vachigadzirira zvidzidzo, ari muchimiro zvakasiyana mureza. Mudzidzisi inoongorora matambudziko wakabvunzwa pamberi pake dzidzo hurongwa, uye avo maererano kuwana yakakwana dambudziko. Mudzidzisi anoita hwesangano mabasa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti pasi utungamiriri hwake, vadzidzi kusangana zvimwe zvinangwa pedagogical. Taurirana mabasa, uyewo chinozoiswa mudzidzisi kukwanisa kwake kuvaka Nhaurirano vaviri vadzidzi pachavo vavo vabereki, uyewo utariri uye nevamwe.

Pane yoga nzvimbo nebasa mudzidzisi - correctional pedagogy. Chii? Correctional pedagogy iri kukura uye kudzidzisa zvidzidzo vana vane zvidikanwi, inoitiswa maererano panorongwa. Kwakadaro zvinhu kazhinji pavaiita nevadzidzisi vakapfuura vachidzidziswa akakodzera rokudzidzisa.

Mudzidzisi: Chii?

Education dzevanhu unhu - rakaoma uye mutoro basa. Pedagogy zvakadaro kuwedzera devalued munguva yedu. Zvisinei, chakaita kuti nyanzvi kuti vabudirire achiripo, vachimhanya panzvimbo uye chaizvoizvo kudyara "hunonzwisisa, zvakanaka, nokusingaperi."

Chii chinofanira kuva mudzidzisi anobudirira? Unhu hupi vanoziva remangwana kana zvinofunga sangano kusiyanisa nayo? Kutaura zvazviri chimiro unhu ari mudzidzisi dzinongoita pakutsvaga hwevashandi ake. Asi panguva imwecheteyo nayo kunoratidzwa yakajeka chinangwa mudzidzisi wokupupura basa kunoita kuti vadzidzisi yemberi kanenge zvakajeka zvinodiwa. Saka, mudzidzisi anofanira kuva akagadzirira kudzidzisa. chido Izvi zvinoratidzwa ake ruzivo yokungotaura uye hunoshanda uye unyanzvi, uyewo mumuviri uye mupfungwa zvinoriumba. The mudzidzisi anofanira kubata kushushikana, achakwanisa kudzivisa navo. Uyezve, vadzidzisi vanoda utano hwakanaka uye zvikuru nesimba kugadzirisa vakawanda vadzidzi.

The mudzidzisi anofanira pachake kugara kudzidza, kuedza kumutsa mwero wavo kukura zvedzidzo uye zvedzidzo kunakisisa. Pepa rino rinofanira kushandisa nzira itsva siyana sangano dzadzidza kwacho. Muchiitiko chino, pane chinodiwa vabudirire pedagogical basa rudo vana uye kuda kutamira kwavari kwete chete zivo yavo, asiwo chimedu mweya wake.

Where kuti rokudzidzisa?

Pedagogical mumayunivhesiti zvakasiyana zvakawanda zvino, anenge ose zvakawanda kana zvishoma guta guru rine yayo. Uyezve, kumayunivhesiti zhinji vane madhipatimendi kana mano kuti pedagogy. Somuenzaniso, pane rorusununguko Pedagogy pa Moscow State University, mumwe mukuru mumayunivhesiti kuRussia. Zvino zvakakurumbira University of Zimbabwe Belarus - Belarusian State University - Department of Pedagogy anoshanda.

Mukuwedzera, kuRussia uye nomunyika yaimbova Soviet Union muna emakore achangopfuura chakavhura akawandisa ezvokutengeserana masangano dzidzo yepamusorosoro. Education akawanda vavo vanopiwa repamusoro uye kunyoresa zvimwe zviri yakaoma kunzwisisa zvikuru kupfuura paruzhinji kumayunivhesiti. Ndizvo vaitungamirira wezvokutengeserana uye yunivhesiti pedagogical wezwi muMoscow, izvo dzichakurukurwa pazasi.

Institute of Psychology uye Pedagogy

chikoro ichi hwakabuda nesayenzi-anoshanda muzana "kururamiswa." Muna 1990, tsika kwave anonzi "Institute of Psychology uye Pedagogy".

To musi, pane zvitanhatu mupfungwa uye pedagogical unyanzvi, uye mhando kurovedza kuramba tsika: yakazara, chikamu-nguva uye manheru. Uyezve, vadzidzisi yunivhesiti kugadzirira vadzidzi kuti kukoreji musi weSvondo pamapoka uye zvidzidzo chirongwa nyanyisa yedzidzo.

Ane vanodzidza sangano ichi 5-6 Makore nguva kudzidziswa kunobva vakasarudzwa chimiro dzidzo uye fakaroti.

yokugumisa kutaura

Pane chaiwo, anokudzwa uye yakakwirira dzevanhu basa. Iye ari nyanzvi basa, uye basa iri - achidzidzisa. Pedagogy - haisi sainzi, kana ane bhizimisi nyanzvi dzidziso uye tsika. Zviri zvakare rakapihwa kuti zvinofanira kuitwa. Ndizvo vanhu vanogona kunzi vadzidzisi sei, nyanzvi tsamba guru, vakafanira tinoremekedza.