Structure masero mhuka

Cell - duku hurongwa vose chirimwa uye mhuka upenyu - kupfuura asinganzwisisiki chakajairika zvakasikwa. Kunyange yayo chechetere zviri chaizvo sero zvakaoma hwakarongwa uye unotora munhu muzvizhinji pezvivako kuti vanoita chaizvo mabasa. Mumuviri, imwe akagadzirwa masero anoumba nyama, munyama - nhengo, uye avo - muviri hurongwa. The nemamiriro mhuka uye chirimwa masero muzvinhu zvakawanda zvakafanana, asi panguva imwe chete uye ane misiyano dzinokosha. Somuenzaniso, kufanana makemikari anoumba masero, zvakafanana nenheyo marongerwo uye inoshanda, asi chirimwa masero vane centrioles (kunze algae), uye sezvo muviri Sevamiririri chawo ndiyo starch.

Sechivako masero wemhuka kwakavakirwa zvikuru zvitatu zvinoumba - musimboti, cytoplasm uye masero membrane. At chinoumba cytoplasm rinoumbwa protoplasm. Cell Kamudzira - chinhu zvipenyu Kamudzira (septum) iro anokamura sero kubva zvokunze kwezvakatipoteredza, Achiputira muchitokisi organelles uye nuclei anoumba munhu cytoplasmic nezvikamu. Kana ukaisa kugadzirira pasi maikorosikopu, sechivako mhuka sero rinogona nyore kuona. Cell Kamudzira unotora matatu akaturikidzana. The wokunze uye yomukati akaturikidzana mapuroteni uye zvenguva - lipid. Makavigwa lipid rukoko mberi rakakamurwa maviri akaturikidzana - paiva hydrophobic mamorekuru uye paiva hydrophilic mamorekuru, izvo kurongwa nenzira yakananga kuti. On pemvura sero Kamudzira mamiriro chaiwo - glycocalyx, izvo chinopa kukwanisa Kamudzira anyatsosarudza. The goko inopfuura anodiwa zvinhu uye anobata vaya vanouya kukuvadza. Nemamiriro hwemhuka sero nechinangwa kuunza unodzivirira basa iri kare panguva ino mwero. The kupinda kwakaita zvinhu kuburikidza goko kunoitika kuburikidza zvakananga kubatanidzwa pamusoro cytoplasmic membrane. Pemvura Kamudzira kuchikosha zvakakwana nokuda Bends, miganhu, pazvirugu uye villi. The cytoplasmic Kamudzira inopfuura sezvo duku nezvimedu uye yakakura.

The mamiriro kunoratidzwa mhuka sero cytoplasm, kazhinji kacho zvinosanganisira mvura. The cytoplasm - mudziyo nokuda organelles uye inclusions. Uyezve cytoplasm rine cytoskeleton uye - mapuroteni filaments kuti zvinobatanidzwa nedanho muchitokisi weboka, delimit ari intracellular nzvimbo uye kuramba muchitokisi chimiro, kugona shure. An rokuti chinokosha pamusoro cytoplasm - hyaloplasm iyo anosarudza kuti viscosity uye elasticity muchitokisi mamiriro. Zvichienderana kwokunze uye munyika zvinhu hyaloplasm vanogona kuchinja viscosity wayo - kuva mvura kana gel.

Kudzidza mamiriro ane sero mhuka, hazvibviri kwete kuteerera cellular michina - organelles kuti zvinowanika muchitokisi. organelles All vane chaiyo yakarongeka yavo, iyo anokonzerwa mabasa anoitwa. Musimboti - nechepakati chairema sero rine magene ruzivo uye chinobatanidzwa muviri muchitokisi pacharo. By cellular organelles zvinosanganisira endoplasmic reticulum, sero centre, mitochondria, ribosomes, Golgi kunzwisisa, plastids, lysosomes, vacuoles. organelles Ava muchitokisi ose, asi, zvichienderana mashandiro, nemamiriro hwemhuka sero zvingasiyana nokuvapo dzakananga hurongwa.

Basa foni organelles:

- mitochondria oxidize Organic yeimwe uye rinoungana mushonga simba;

- endoplasmic reticulum nokuda pamberi dzakananga makemikari synthesized kwemafuta uye makabhohaidhiretsi, twuchidya kufambisa chokufambisa kuti zvinhu mukati masero;

- ribosome synthesize mapuroteni;

- Golgi yakaoma mapuroteni inonyanya, condenses chakaita zvokugadzirwa mafuta, polysaccharides, nokuumba lysosomes uye uchigadzirira rokubviswa masero kana yakananga kushandiswa mukati maro;

- lysosomes ozeyewa makabhohaidhiretsi, mapuroteni, kwemafuta uye nucleic acids, chokwadi, digesting vachipinda sero muviri;

- Sero centre rinobatanidzwa nedanho muchitokisi weboka;

- vacuole, nokuda zviri sero muto rutsigiro sero turgor (womukati kumanikidzwa).

Sechivako masero mapenyu ndiko akaoma - panguva cellular pamwero anotora yakawanda nokukanganisika urongwa, izvo sovvokupnosti zvinopa anokosha muviri.