Fiber optics uye kushandiswa kwayo

Optical fibers vanoratidza muenzaniso sei zivo yesayenzi iri hwakatamisirwa muzvigadzirwa mberi kuti pakupedzisira kuti upenyu nyore zvavo murume. With faibha optics kwemakore akabatanidza kutaurirana zvinoreva kuparadzira zviratidzo zvemagetsi. Mutete mutsvuku Ukuru bvudzi kwevanhu inogona kushandiswa kwemashoko zvakasiyana-siyana kuratidza kuti vanofanira kushandisa foni, Internet kubatana, TV uye zvichingodaro. D. Chokwadi, nokuda kudunhu operative nezvaanogona ose faibha optics raiswa kwete chete kune mhuri zvinodiwa.

chiratidzo kuburikidza Manyiminya internet hutachiwana michina

Pacharo, kushandiswa Manyiminya faibha sezvo mushanduri anonongedzera - chete Kuziviswa ruzivo iyo inoongorora chikamu zvesayenzi kuti faibha optics. Nyanzvi mune mirayiridzo iyi vari kudzidza mashoko kupararira uye kupararira chiedza, uye mune imwe akapoteredza, ari kukabatanidzwa chiedza vakapofumara. Ekupedzisira zvinoshandiswa, uye sezvo Distributors zvenyika uye sei mashoko zvinotakura. Zviya, kwakavakirwa chiedza-emitting diodes sezvo dzinokura ano kukura Laser michina. Zvisinei, muchiitiko ichi, mumwe mubvunzo unokosha - chii chinoita nhema pamwoyo faibha optics? Fani iyi yomunyika Kufungisisa (zvachose) remagetsi nemwaranzi ari dielectric miganhu vane akasiyana refractive indices. Pakazoti mutakuri mashoko anoshanda kwete remagetsi chiratidzo, uye encoded chiedza nekubudisa. Kuti tinzwisise mwero akakwirira internet optic netambo kune zvetsika simbi vatendeuke kamwe zvakare kwavo chinzvimbo. Nechekare kutaurwa internet mutsvuku ane ukobvu haasi kupfuura 0.5 neMM, anokwanisa kuendesa uwandu mashoko iyo achashumira kwakajairika mhangura wiring ane Ukobvu mm chete 50.

Nzira mukugadzira Manyiminya faibha

Pane huru nzira mbiri, iyo inogona kugadzirwa nenzira Manyiminya faibha. Ndiyo Nzira kuti extrusion uye utsotso kushandisa preforms. Wokutanga inokwanisa yakaderera-unhu mapurasitiki anotsanangura zvinhu, saka nhasi zviri kushanda zvisiri kushandiswa. nzira rechipiri anonzi chikuru uye kupfuura akarongeka. The preform - iri varara, iri chivako richiswedera pemavara. By zvinodiwa ano, ari preform vangava nekukwirira kusvikira zvakawanda makumi ezviuru mamita. Nechokunze, ichi girazi tsvimbo ine dhayamita vanenge 10 cm kubva izvo yakanyungudutswa makirisito faibha. In muitiro mukugadzira tsvimbo pamwe musanganiswa fibers ndiyo huru refu tembiricha, pashure uyo Kukosa filaments. Kureba kunoguma zvinhu anogona kusvika makiromita akawanda, kunyange zvazvo iri kana dhayamita anoramba achitsungirira - ayo zvoga masimba kugadziriswa. Zvichienderana apo faibha optics, zvinhu nokuti anogona kwerubwinyo rwakagara rwuripo kupatsanurwa coatings kuti zvinopa utano uye mushonga unodzivirira kuti kuiswa. Kana wemisanganiswa kuti pemavara mu sezvamunoita yavo inowanzoratidza zvinhu zvakadai polyimide, acrylate, uye silicone.

Structural zviri Manyiminya faibha

The nechepakati Chikamu neshinda ndiyo chinoumba - chairo chinoumba ari faibha, izvo achatambanudza chiedza mukufamba kushanda. Chinoumba kunoratidzwa yakakwirira chiedza refractive indices kuti kunoitwa achishandisa magirazi doped pamwe nadzurudzo chaiyo yokuvirisa. Somuenzaniso, nokuti silica fibers vachishandisa mifananidzo zvinoriumba akadai refractive dopant. Uyewo, kuti goko anoita zvinhu zvakawanda, inokosha iyo ndiyo pakarepo kudzivirirwa chinoumba chaiko. Chikamu ichi zvakare inopa refraction maturo, asi pamwero mashoma. Muganhu pakati zvinhu zviviri anoumba chiedza mutungamiriri mamiriro izvo haibvumiri vhoriyamu huru danda Voda mhiri core. Uyewo kucherechedza kuti nheyo faibha optics rinoreva akasiyana zvinhu fibers. Kuti kuva chaiwo, tiri kutaura pamusoro dielectric waveguides kuti zvinoparadzira chiedza anonongedzera.

Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana Manyiminya fibers

The inonyanya Goldstone, mapurasitiki uye internet flyuoridnye. Goldstone mutsvuku inobva uchanyangadika nokuda oxide kana zvakafanana zvinhu mamiriro kusanganisira doped nesilicon oxide. framework Izvi zvinoita kuti pave kuchinja uye refu fibers, inozivikanwa uye sezvamakaropafadzwa mukuru zvokuimba simba. Plastic-faibha optics yaigadzirwa Polymers uye, sezvo kare ambotaurwa, haagoni nechokwadi dzakakwirira unongotaura nemifananidzo. Zvikurukuru, nezvitsvuku vakadaro vane guru chikamu date kurasikirwa, izvo ichikutadzisa kushandisa yavo yakawanda munzvimbo. Ukuwo, affordability epurasitiki faibha anochengeta kudiwa iyi nemirayiridzo akatarisa nevatengi chidimbu. Kana flyuoridnyh Manyiminya zvinhu, hwaro hwavo kwakavakirwa fluorozirconate uye fluoroaluminate magirazi. Zviri zvikuru ano uye yemazuva ano dzakabudirira negadziriso nokuda Manyiminya kukurukurirana, asi zviri inorema nesimbi marongerwo uyewo kuita kushandisa kwavo, somuenzaniso, ari zveutano indasitiri.

Kuyera zvokushandisa faibha

The inonyanya midziyo inoshandiswa anogadza of Manyiminya nokusanzwira sensors vari Bragg gratings. Fiber optic sensors - zano akaronga kuti kugadzira dzimwe tsika kuti unhu mamiriro zvinhu panguva iyoyo. Somuenzaniso, sensors siyana anogona kuona kuoma, tembiricha, vibration, kumanikidzwa, uye dzimwe variables. Bragg nesefa pamusoro wayo basa zviri pedyo Manyiminya unhu. It rinoburitsa iri internet chinoumba refractive aperiodic nenyonganyonga. iyi yakayerwa zvinobvumira kuziva sei faibha optics dzinobudirira dziri nhepfenyuro chiratidzo mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu. Uyewo, vanachiremba kushandisa OTDR, ari kunyoresa nhamba nounzenza uye nemishonga.

Optical faibha amplifiers uye lasers

Ndiwo zvemberi zvigadzirwa, izvo dzinokudziridzwa kwakavakirwa mabikirwo faibha optics. Kusiyana nezvimwe mhando lasers, kushandisa Manyiminya filaments inoita chiine panguva imwe chete nyatsoshanda midziyo yemagetsi. Zvikurukuru, faibha optics zvemichina kwakatsiva chaiwo Laser mano nokuda zvinotevera zvazvakanakira:

• The kunyatsoshanda nokupisa rokubvisa.
• rate vakawedzera kuti goho mwaranzi.
• Kupomba kunyatsoshanda.
• High akavimbika uye kutsiga Laser.
• Low uremu michina.

Uyewo amplifiers zvichienderana mhando inogona kushandiswa mumusha networking mitsetse, kuwedzera kuita pamwero mukuru internet mutsetse. Zvisinei, kukura kwebasa nokushanda faibha ndewe kufunga zvizere.

Sei kushandisa faibha optics?

dzinoverengeka mirayiridzo, iyo inoshandisa faibha-optic zvinhu vangazivikanwa. Ndiro zvoupenyu wechipfuwo mafomu, foni zvokushandisa, uye midziyo kombiyuta, uyewo zvikuru kushandiswa niches, kusanganisira mamwe mapazi zvokurapa. chinokosha internet optics chinoitwa mumwe nomumwe zvikamu izvi. Shandisa sezvo mureza TV yedzimudzangara vezvenhau kana Indaneti chiratidzo Somuenzaniso, dzisina zvakachipa epurasitiki yemashoko unosvikirwa yepamusoro. Asi nokuti Laser michina uye anodhura dzokurapwa namano vanoshandisa yepamusoro Goldstone faibha inopiwa sezvo mamwe modifiers.

Kushandiswa faibha optics mukurapa

fibers kwakadaro kunogona kushandiswa mune zvokurapa zvokushandisa uye zviridzwa. Mureza chidobi kunosanganisira mukana kudzidzisa chaiyo midziyo pamusoro refracted chiedza fibers kuti vanotova nhengo muviri zvinogona kutapurira chiratidzo ane kwokunze paterevhizheni kamera. Internet optics inoshandiswa mukurapa uye somunhu okuvimba zvinhu. Midziyo vakapakata faibha modules kukutendera painlessly kusimbisa dumbu mhango, nasopharynx, etc.

Kushandiswa faibha optics iri midziyo kombiyuta

Zvichida ichi ndicho niche, iyo yakawanikwa nzvimbo yaro faibha. Pasina izvozvo nhasi havagoni kuita kubatana pakati munhu namano kuti nekufambisa mashoko. Chokwadi, ichi rinoshanda kune munzvimbo hazvibviri kana kukodzera kushandisa Wireless kubatana, izvo vari kushingaira kutsiva netambo sezvo vakadaro. Somuenzaniso, chikuru foni makambani tichigadzira interregional nomuzongoza network, iyo inoshandisa faibha optics. Kushandiswa Mipata izvi nokuda peripheral michina uye kwakajairika foni mabasa anobvumira vanoshandisa optimize mari mari kwerunyararo pomumbure kwezvivako, uyewo kuwedzera kunyatsoshanda yacho date hutachiwana.

zvazvakashatira faibha

Zvinosuruvarisa optic tambo haagoni kuita pasina utera. Kunyange zvazvo zviri Postings akadaro isingadhuri, tisingatauri kushaya kudikanwa kakawanda reserved, mari zvinhu kwakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura simbi dzomuzana. Uyezve, faibha optics uye kushandiswa kwayo mushonga zvikuru zvishoma nokuda tigutsikane mune dzimwe alloys mutobvu uye zirconium netsvina, hunokachidza njodzi kuvanhu. Zvikurukuru nezvezvitadzo chemhando yepamusoro girazi yokutevedzera, kwete plastkovyh.

Kugadzirwa Manyiminya faibha muRussia

Sezvo chikamu kuzvitsinhanisa chirongwa zvainoreva muna 2015, fekitari "Fiber-optic gadziriro" yakavhurwa Mordovia. Ndiyo chete zvebhizimisi kuRussia, iyo panguva iyoyo kure sezvinobvira kuedza zvinodiwa mudzimba vatengi vari Manyiminya faibha. Kusvikira 2015, Russian indasitiri iri mubasa mukugadzira pamusoro internet optic zvinhu, asi chete mukati vamwe Vanosarudzwa zvirongwa. The chete mamiriro ezvinhu mhando mberi nhasi. Kana imwe kambani zvinoda faibha optics uye kushandiswa kwayo mune zvokurapa uye mumunda telecommunication zvivako vachanzi mari wakarurama, ipapo pane yakawanda mafekitari vakagadzirira kushanda inokosha zvirevo yakadaro nomumwe. Zvisinei, vakawanda kugadzirwa zvakafanana waya kubva faibha chete Mordovia chirimwa achashanda munguva yemberi iri pedyo. Uyezve, nepo asingagoni kupa mumusika maererano Vhoriyamu kudiwa. A chinokosha mugove okuwana ichiri akatenga muUnited States uye Japan. Kunyange mudzimba zvigadzirwa anogadzirwa pamusoro kupinza mbishi zvinhu.

mhedziso

Internet optic zvigadzirwa vakaumba somunhu chidimbu kubva kumusika atova makore anenge 15-20. Mumakore mutengi akakwanisa kunzwisisa chiremerera netambo itsva, asi mberi hazvirevi mira. With kuwedzera hwokugadzira uye utano hwakanaka uye kuwedzera pokushandisa zvinhu. The ichangoburwa Manyiminya faibha kwakavakirwa Nanotechnology, zvikurukuru, achishingaira kushandiswa mafuta uye gasi bhizimisi uye kudzivirira indasitiri. Uyewo, nonlinear internet optics hwapedyo apo chete Conceptual, asi zvinovimbisa chaizvo nzvimbo zvigadzirwa. Pakati pavo vane compression pamusoro Laser pulses, Manyiminya solitons, Ultra-pfupi Manyiminya nemwaranzi, etc. Zviri pachena kuti kuwedzera yokungotaura zveBhaibheri zvingangoita hwomukova uye mukati paruzivo tisingatauri rwesayenzi, zviitiko itsva uye kubvumira mumusika kuti inopa zvitsva vatengi dzakasiyana siyana.