Dendrites - chii ichi? Chimiro uye basa dendridov

Huta zvinyama anoumbwa Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu uye glia, anoita dzakatevedzana kwazvo uye inokosha mabasa: nayo inongorira simba magetsi nomunhu, izvo zvino chakasvitswa tsandanyama uye nhengo hwemhuka nevanhu kana vertebrate. The masero zvinyama ichi Tinonyanya mamiriro. Inopa zvose panowanikwa excitation uye chinovhiringidza, uye avo Implementation. In neuroscience ane zvinotevera tsananguro: dendrites - nayo kurongedza masero etsinga kuti kuziva nekufambisa mashoko kuti dzouropi muviri. Pepa rino tichaita kuongorora pfungwa kuitika pamusoro kupararira zvigadziriswe pakati tsinga nomunhu ari makuru mativi tsinga: uropi uye musana, uyewo kudzidza nemamiriro dendrite, somumwe zvinoumba neurocytes.

Nokuti ichi chatichakurukura muudzame Kunyanya dzouropi zvivako, ndicho chikuru chairema huta tishu.

Sezvo maumbirwo neurocyte kwakabatana mabasa ayo

Erekitironi nemaziso tsvakurudzo nzira yakasimbisa zvikuru kushandiswa uye yakagozha mudziyo rakavhurika gadziriro zvoutachiona inonzi tsinga sero. It unotora muviri (soma), mumwe muzvidimbu refu - uye muzvizhinji pfupi axon Kutumbuka. Mumwe nomumwe wavo chokuita cytoplasm muchitokisi muviri. dendrite ichi. Marongerwo pakuonekwa uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. pfupi pezvakaitwa nowenyika korona pamuti. Maererano kwaari muviri dzouropi kuburikidza synapse anogamuchira bioelectric potentials nemamwe masero etsinga.

Morphology uye mhando

Maererano ano pakutsvakurudza histology, dendrites - a mapazi kuguma neurocyte kwete chete kugamuchira, asiwo nekufambisa mashoko encoded muchimiro magetsi nomunhu, mune multi-mugero kwava interconnected masero etsinga anatomically uye vakuru. Inosanganisira yakawanda puroteni-synthesizing organelles - ribosomes. Vamwe mhando pfupi urongwa, akadai pyramidal neurocytes, inotaurwa anokosha hurongwa - spines.

Maererano kupatsanura dzataurwa nokuda Spanish neurohistology S. Ramon, y Cajal, dendrite maviri anogona tsaukai tsinga muchitokisi muviri mu wakatarisana mirayiridzo (nedambudziko neurocytes). Kana yakawanda dendrites, ivo diverge kubva soma radially. Chimiro Izvi maitire interneurons. Mugore cerebellar Purkinje masero pamuviri zvinoshandiswa neurocyte ari muchimiro feni. Mumwe dendrite, ane-dimensional matatu Dendere kwakatosiyana pedyo matavi uwandu yemagetsi vebasa akaunganidza payo.

At chokuita tsinga branching pezvakaitwa

Muviri dzouropi chinhu zvakasikwa achitumira uye nokugamuchira panguva zvipenyu chinhu. Volume (kunyanya kuuya Data) ndiyo Proportional nokuwanda kuuya tsinga mafungiro zvakananga. Vakatsunga ne mwero branching pamusoro dendritic muti. Naizvozvo, dendrites - nayo neurocyte zvivako kuti vatambe ane integrative ushande.

Uyezve, kwemasayendisiti wokukudza kuonana nzvimbo pakati tsinga sero. Zvimwe chete synapse inotungamirwa dzimwe nguva kunowedzera kunyatsoshanda kuti madhipatimendi ose sezvo uropi uye musana, uye tsinga yose.

The nemamiriro dendrite

Nokudzidza nemaziso kugadzirira masero etsinga isu makasimbisa kuti pezvakaitwa vakawanda vari cylindrical. Dzavo avhareji dhayamita ndiyo 0,9 micron. dendrite urefu dzinosiyana. Somuenzaniso, stellate Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu of pfumbu nyaya cerebral cortex vari pfupi (haufaniri kupfuura 200 microns) dendritic muti mapazi, nepo gwenya dzouropi pezvakaitwa zvaisanganisira pamberi nyanga zvakaipa musana, ari hurongwa 2 mm.

Special dzidzo - spines vakaumba pamusoro neurocytes mapazi kutungamirira vakawanda synapses - slotted zvigaro kutaura navo axon, dendrite kana soma imwe dzouropi. Synapses inogona iri muviri mumwe dendrite anonzi hunde kana zvakananga spines ayo. Sezvatinoziva, dendrites - mapazi zvinoshandiswa neurocytes anokwanisa kugamuchira dzishande. Kutapukirwa anoshayisa nzvimbo biopotentials izvi vachishandisa samolecular makemikari - nevamiririri, zvakadai acetylcholine, kana neGhebha. The Kamudzira rinofukidza dendrite padzakacherechedza Ion migero, zvokusarudza permeable karusiyamu cations, yavaibvisa uye potassium zvinobatanidzwa mundima tsinga nomunhu kuburikidza dzouropi.

Sezvo mashoko anouya mumasero tsinga

Panguva kutapukirwa dzemagetsi mhosva akashandurwa kuti dzishande uye chinovhiringidza, pamwe chete axon uye dendrites zvinobatanidzwa pamusoro. It kurongedza mashoko dzouropi, izvo zvinoumba synapses nevamwe mapazi dendritic pamuti neurocytes. Empirically kuwanikwa kuti dendrites vari outgrowths sero cytoplasm, Kamudzira zvemapuranga. Mariri pane simba yemagetsi zvinodiwa - chiito potentials.

Nemhaka pfupi pezvakaitwa imwe tsinga Sero anogamuchira uye transmits zviuru zvakati pulses wakadenha synapses. Izvi handizvo chete mashandiro dendrites. Naivo kubata nokubatanidza mashoko anopinda Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu, izvo chinopa murau kudzorwa vanorovedzwa tsinga dzose nadzo uye nyama dzemuviri.