Kwekuoma simbi. Table pokuoma simbi

To zvikamu uye nzira dzakanga rakasimba uye yakavimbika zvokuvakisa yavari aita, vanofanira kutevedza anodiwa ezvinhu basa. Ndokusaka zvichikosha kuti kudzora zvinobvumidzwa tsika dzavo inokosha zvemaziso ehupfumi. Pakazosvika zvemaziso ehupfumi ndivo zvakaoma, simba, kusimba, ductility. kwekuoma nesimbi - zvikuru STRUCTURAL characterization.

pfungwa

The neukukutu nesimbi uye alloys, - pfuma pfuma rakasikwa nemishonga panguva kupinda kwayo pamusoro akaturikidzana ane muviri usina akaremara kana kuparadzwa panguva concomitant mutoro (indentation). Kuona chinangwa:

• ruzivo pamusoro kururama kwemashoko STRUCTURAL zvinhu uye uchishandisa nezvaanogona;
• Kuongorora chiito nguva;
• kuzvidzora tembiricha kurapwa zvabuda.

Kubva mufananidzo uyu pamwe zvaanoda pamusoro simba uye kuramba kukwegura. Ongorora somunhu yakatsvuka zvinhu uye makagadzirira-migove.

mikana yokudzidza

The chakarurama ndiyo svinga unonzi uwandu pokuoma. Kune siyana nzira kuyera neukukutu simbi. The yakarurama kupfuura kudzidza zvinosanganisira kushandisa dzakasiyana-siyana Masvomhu uye vakarondedzera indenters pokuoma:

1. Brinell: musimboti wenyika midziyo - Ball indentation ari vakaongorora simbi kana chiwanikwa indentation dhayamita kukarukureta uye haizopereri kukarukureta ari kwemasvomhu zvokuimba parameter.
2. Rockwell: akashandisa bhora kana nedhaimani tapered yokutenda. The ukoshi unoratidzwa pachiratidzo chenguva kana kutsunga Settlement.
3. Vickers: rakarurama kupfuura nokuyerwa kuhukukutu hwemwoyo zvesimbi ane pyramidal nedhaimani yokutenda.

Kune dzinokosha Masvomhu nematafura kuona correspondences pakati parametric mabasa akasiyana chipimo nzira nokuda chete zvinhu.

Zvinhu kuziva nokuyerwa musiyano wezvinyorwa

Under Murabhoritari mamiriro, pamwe anodiwa-siyana zvokushandisa, kusarudza chidzidzo kuitwa pazviri dzakananga zvechadenga workpiece.

1. INDICATIVE kukosha zvokuimba parameter. For STRUCTURAL steels uye zvinhu pamwe yakaderera pokuoma kusvika 450-650 HB Brinell nzira inoshandiswa; nokuti chishandiso, chiwanikwa steels nezvimwe alloys - Rockwell; nokuti tverdosplavov - Vickers.
2. The kukura bvunzo chiratidzazvizhinji. diki kunyanya uye dzakaonda zvikamu panoongororwa ne Vickers pokuoma tester.
3. Pakukora zvesimbi iri tambo pfungwa, zvikurukuru, atadze kana nitrided rukoko.

All zvinodiwa uye zvaidiwa rakanyorwawo GOST.

Features Brinell nzira

Pokuoma kuidzwa nesimbi uye alloys uchishandisa Brinell pokuoma tester zvinoitiswa pamwe zvinotevera zviri:

1. The indenter - bhora kubva chiwanikwa simbi kana tungsten chiwanikwa carbide ane dhayamita 1, 2, 2.5, 5 kana 10 mm (GOST 3722-81).
2. Duration kunofambira mberi indentation nokuti simbi uye simbi - 10-15 S vasiri ferrous alloys - 30, ndechokuti zvinogona ane ya 60, uye dzimwe nguva - 120 uye 180 ...
3. Muganhu kukosha zvemaziso parameters: 450 HB kana kuyera simbi bhora; HB 650 achishandisa tverdosplava.
4. Possible mutoro. Tichibatsirwa ari kusvitsa nenhumbi iri kugadziridzwa simba chaiyo deformation pamusoro bvunzo mharidzo. Dzavo pasipasi zvinogoneka tsika: 153,2, 187,5, 250 N; kunonyanyisa - 9807, 14710, 29420 H (GOST 23677-79).

Uchishandisa Masvomhu, zvichienderana dzakasiyana dhayamita pamusoro bhora uye bvunzo zvinhu, mumwe anogona ngaaverenge unoenderana bvumidzwa simba indentation.

chiwanikwa mhando	Kwemasvomhu computation mutoro
Steel, nickel uye titanium alloys	30d 2
vakakanda simbi	2 10D, 30d 2
Copper uye mhangura alloys	2 5D, 10D 2, 30d 2
nesimbi Light uye alloys	2,5D 2, 2 5D, 10D 2, 15D 2
Lead, gaba	1d 2

MUENZANISO mazita:

400HB10 / 1500/20, apo 400HB - Brinell neukukutu zvesimbi; 10 - Ball dhayamita, 10 mm; 1500 - kunofambira mberi mutoro, 1500 Madzimabo; 20 - nguva indentation 20.

Kusimbisa chaiwo nhamba zvakanyanya kuongorora zvakafanana mharidzo munzvimbo dzakawanda, uye zvinonyatsorehwa mugumisiro vagara vandifungira kuwana avhareji kukosha wakagamuchira.

Kutsunga nzira Brinell pokuoma

Pakutsvakurudza kwacho kunosanganisira anotevera:

1. Tarisa mashoko pamusoro zvaidiwa zvinodiwa (GOST 9012-59, GOST 2789).
2. Check pakati serviceability ari mudziyo.
3. Kusarudza zvinodiwa bhora, kuziva zvinoita nesimba, kuisa zvinhu nokuda kwayo inotungamirwa Nguva indentation.
4. Kutanga kwoukukutu uye deformation yacho chiratidzazvizhinji.
5. Kuyerwa rusesi dhayamita.
6. Empirical kukarukureta.

HB = F / A,

apo F - mutoro, Madzimabo kana H; A - anodhinda nharaunda, mm ^2.

HB = (0,102 * F) / (π * D * h),

apo D - dhayamita of bhora, mm; H - indentation kudzika, mm.

Pokuoma simbi akayera saizvozvi ane empirical ukama kukarukureta kwesimba parameters. nzira yakarurama, kunyanya nokuda nyoro alloys. Kunokosha kuziva tsika pakati enyika zvemaziso zvivako.

Features Rockwell nzira

Nzira iyi yakayerwa yagadzirwa muna 20-ies ose XX remakore, zvikuru zvoga pane yapfuura mumwe. Rinoshandiswa kuti zvakaoma zvinhu. Its Unhu huru (GOST 9013-59, GOST 23677-79):

1. Pamberi chikuru mutoro 10 makirogiramu.
2. Kuonana Period: 10-60.
3. Muganhu tsika zvichibvira zviratidzi: HRA: 20-88; HRB: 20-100; HRC: 20-70.
4. The nhamba iri mufanidziro pachiratidzo chenguva zvakaoma, zvinogonawo dzaona arithmetically.
5. Scale uye indenter. Rizivikanwe 11 chikero siyana zvichienderana norudzi indenter uye kufadza bvumidzwa kunofambira mberi mutoro. The inonyanya kushandiswa: A, B uye C.

A: nedhaimani tapered muromo chakaderedzwa mutengo angled 120˚, zvinobvumidzwa simba zvachose kunofambira mberi zvinofurira - 60 kgf, HRA; adzidza yakanaka zvigadzirwa, zvikurukuru Rentals.

C: sezvo nedhaimani cône, rakagadzirirwa kunonyanyisa simba 150 kgf, HRC, rinoshanda kuti hwakasimba uye vakaoma zvokuvakisa.

B: bhora kukura 1,588 neMM, akagadzirwa nokuomesa simbi kana zvakaoma carbide-tungsten chiwanikwa, mutoro - 100 kgf, HRB, rinoshandiswa kuongorora kwekuoma annealed zvigadzirwa.

Blob-tip (1.588 mm) zvakakodzera pamwero Rockwell B, F, G. E pamwero kuvapowo, H, K, nokuti iro rinoshandiswa bhora dhayamita pamusoro 3,175 mm (GOST 9013-59).

Kuwanda ivhu zvakaitwa pachishandiswa Rockwell pokuoma tester munzvimbo iyoyo iri shoma nokuda ukuru zvinhu. Reusable vachiongorora munzvimbo 3-4 dhayamita pakati yapfuura deformation nzvimbo. Pakukora Muedzo zvinhu uye inodzorwa. Zvinofanira kuva asingasviki 10 nguva zvakawedzera kupinda kudzika muromo.

MUENZANISO mazita:

50HRC - simbi Rockwell zvakaoma, akayera kushandisa nedhaimani yokutenda, nhamba yaro akaenzana 50.

Plan tsvakurudzo pamusoro Rockwell pamwero

simbi pokuoma chipimo zvinonyanya itsanangudzo pane muitiro kuti Brinell.

1. Kunyatsoongorora miganhu uye zvechadenga workpiece pamusoro.
2. Check pakati serviceability ari mudziyo.
3. Kutsunga muromo mhando uye kutakura.
4. Kugadzwa mharidzo.
5. Implementation chezvinhu kwekushereketa acho, kukura 10 kgf.
6. Implementation zvizere abvume kuita.
7. Kuverenga vaigamuchira dhayira nhamba nedanda rechikero.

Zvinogonekawo kwemasvomhu kukarukureta kuti zvakarurama kuona zvokuimba parameter.

Under ezvinhu kushandisa nedhaimani cône ane mutoro 60 kgf, kana 150:

HR = 100 - ((Hh) / 0,002;

kana kuita bvunzo pamwe bhora pasi simba 100 kgf:

HR = 130 - ((Hh) / 0,002,

apo H - kudzama kupinda pakati indenter iri rinonyanya nesimba 10 kgf; H - kupinda kudzika indenter pasi zvizere mutoro; 0,002 - chikonzero yokudzora chitsama kwebasa muromo kana uwandu pokuoma 1 chikwata.

Rockwell nzira iri nyore, asi kwete chaiwo. Panguva iyoyo zvinoita kuti kuyera zvemaziso ehupfumi chainge chakagadzirwa nesimbi zvakaoma uye alloys.

Details of Vickers unyanzvi

Kutsunga neukukutu nesimbi nenzira iyi kupfuura kungoita uye zvakarurama. Pokuoma kunobva indentation iri mharidzo kwemangoda pyramidal muromo.

Main Features:

1. The indenter: madhaimani Pyramid ane chakaderedzwa mutengo angled 136 °.
2. Maximum zvinobvumidzwa mutoro nokuti yakapambadzirwa kukandira simbi uye simbi - 5-100 kgf; nokuti alloys mhangura - 2.5-50 makirogiramu; nokuti aruminiyamu ayo alloys - 1-100 kgf.
3. Kuonana Period kunofambira mberi mutoro: 10 kusvika 15 seconds.
4. Test zvinhu: simbi uye non-ferrous nesimbi vane neukukutu 450-500 HB, kusanganisira chigadzirwa pashure thermochemical kurapwa.

MUENZANISO mazita:

700HV20 / 15,

sezvamakaropafadzwa 700HV - Vickers pokuoma nhamba; 20 - mutoro 20 makirogiramu; 15 - munguva kunofambira mberi kuita 15.

The kutevedzana yokudzidza Vickers

The nzira iri chaizvo nyore.

1. Check mharidzo uye zvokushandisa. Pfungwa iri rwakabhadharwa kuna mashoko pemvura.
2. Kuvasarudza zvinobvumidzwa nesimba.
3. Kugadzwa bvunzo zvinhu.
4. Kutanga pokuoma iri basa.
5. Kuverenga mugumisiro pachiratidzo chenguva.

Kwemasvomhu kukarukureta nenzira iyi sezvinotevera:

HV = 1,8544 * (F / D ^2),

apo F - Mutoro, kgf; D - avhareji kukosha urefu pakati diagonals ari indentation iri mm.

Kunoitawo kuti kuyera mukuru zvakaoma simbi, dzakatetepa uye zviduku zvikamu, apo kupa mupristi rakarurama mugumisiro.

Nzira dzekufambisa yezwi pakati nechiyero

Mushure Pakusarudza dhayamita of anodhinda achibatsirwa chaiyo zvokushandisa, unogona kushandisa tafura kuziva pokuoma. Table pokuoma nesimbi - akaratidza mutevedzeri mu kukarukureta pamusoro zvokuimba parameter. Saka, kana uchiziva Brinell, tatoona rakakodzera nhamba Vickers kana Rockwell.

Mienzaniso yakakodzera tsika:

The dhayamita of indentation, mm	nzira kuferefeta
	Brinell	Rockwell			Vickers
		A	C	B
3,90	241	62,8	24,0	99,8	242
4,09	218	60,8	20.3	96,7	218
4.20	206	59,6	17.9	94,6	206
4,99	143	49,8	-	77,6	143

Table pokuoma simbi inobva experimental Data uye aine kururama. Panewo rimwe girafu of Brinell neukukutu carbon tigutsikane ari simbi-kabhoni chiwanikwa. Saka, maererano dependencies yakadaro kuti simbi kuti uwandu kabhoni iri murwiyo akaenzana 0.2% nayo yaiva 130 HB.

kuti mharidzo zvinodiwa

Maererano nezvinodiwa vaeni bvunzo zvidimbu vanofanira kutevedza anotevera unhu:

1. Kukohwa inofanira mvere, zvakasimba patafura zvakaoma, ayo micheto vanofanira kuva kumeso uye nokungwarira kupatsanurwa.
2. The pemvura anofanira risingamboshandisi pamusoro roughness. Inofanira sanded uye kucheneswa, kusanganisira achibatsirwa kwemakemikari nziyo. Panguva imwe chete, panguva machine muitiro, zvakakosha kudzivirira paumbwe basa nokuomesa uye uvandudze pamusoro kupatsanurwa mubhedha tembiricha.
3. Chikamu inofanira kuenzaniswa nzira kusarudzwa kuti Pakusarudza kwekuoma ari parametric zvivako.

Achiita chikuru zvinodiwa - a chinodiwa kururama.

kwekuoma nesimbi - chinokosha unokosha zvokuimba pfuma kuti rinozivisa vamwe zvemaziso uye kwesayenzi maitiro, migumisiro rapfuura machine urongwa, matambudziko pfupi zvinhu, zvinogoneka uchishandisa mamiriro. Study kusarudzwa chidobi kunobva mharidzo maitiro anoratidza, ayo parameters uye makemikari anoumba.