Utongi political hurumende uye nezvimiro rokuratidzwa zvayo

Utongi Political - imwe nzira iyo kushanda zvematongerwe enyika munyika. Kune vanoonekwa nzira iyo simba riri wakarovedzwa munyika dzinoratidzwa chiyero vanhu mumabasa upenyu enyika, uyewo, riri kurwadza chaizvo nenyaya, zvematongerwo enyika vakawanda rusununguko mune imwe nzanga.

Utongi utongi - ndiko, kupfuura zvose, kuvimbika, pazvose. All zvinhu munzanga zvinodzorwa nezviremera, vachibudirira kwakakwana kusachinja-chinja pakusarudzwa enyika mirayiridzo pakati vanhu uye zviremera (chaizvoizvo nekuti chokutanga hachisi chisarudzo), saka kuti hurumende anotarira rose, kwete ichiparara kusiyana siyana uye nzvimbo.

Sophocles okuti: "The runyararo - mvumo" - munhu wechisikigo chinzvimbo utongi hwoudzvinyiriri, kunyange zviitiko apo yechitatu-party maonero vari mune, kwete nekuti havapo, asi nekuti havazivi kupa Express. Ndosaka Shoko iri dzakatangira neHurumende, iyo akatora antagonist pamusoro pevatongi hurumende yokutanga munyika - Democracy.

History uye chikuru zvinhu

Utongi political hurumende - kutanga kuti kutanga akabuda kuItaly. D. Amendola akarondedzera ino nzira, yakatangwa Mussolini, izvo rokuItari nevaFascist vakakurumidza akabvuma uye kunyange aisimbisa pfungwa.

Utongi hurumende enyika ane nhamba zvinhu:

• Kudzora zvakakwana pamusoro vanhu.
• Power anova centralized chimiro uye ari mumaoko vashoma vanhu.
• Inosimudzira simba kudzora zviito vagari.
• Policy Advocacy aripo munzvimbo dzese basa.
• The hurumende ndiyo chete bato izvo haibvumiri chimiro itsva akasiyana dzidziso.
• Total indoctrination vemo.
• Highlight nhangemutange yake.
• The guru-pamwero kusenza zvenhau.
• Kusiya tsika pasi achinyepera nechido itsva, iyo inonzi nani zvikuru pane aripo chokwadi, kana ichangobva kare.
• Chido miganhu pakati wacho, veruzhinji uye hurumende.

Zvikuru dzinomiririra utongi hwoudzvinyiriri - Nazi Germany, USSR uye paitonga Stalin nguva yechiFascist Italy.

Utongi political utongi uye komiyunizimu

Totalitarianism akaratidza pacharo matatu siyana zvakajeka: Communism, Fascism uye National Socialism. pfungwa mukomiyunisiti zvakauya muchidimbu pamwe paumbwe USSR. Pano pasocial hurumende sokuti achinyanya muchimiro zvakarurama. Yaifanira kuzadzisa pose uye zvoupfumi, zvemagariro, pfungwa. Pfungwa komiyunizimu yakatanga akagadzira murugwaro Fridriha Engelsa uye Karla Marksa, ive kuedza kushandisa izvozvo akatora pamusoro Vladimir Lenin.

Nokuti komiyunizimu kunoratidzwa zvose zvaidiwa ane utongi ezvinhu, kusanganisira hurumende ichiisa zvikuru kwemarudzi uye kubatana, kunyange zvishoma rakafukidzwa: "kuroorwa vanhu eSoviet". Sezvo chinangwa totalitarianism - amirire zvose dzino ndiye uye chitendero. Panguva iyoyo airambidzwa kubva kushanyira machechi uye temberi, uye mifananidzo vakanga yakatsiviwa mapepa ose Lenin uye Stalin, uyo akaenda mberi uye akasungirirwa zvakatoitika zvoutsinye hurongwa.

Utongi political utongi uye kwechiFascist

Pano anomira karata muenzaniso Italy, iyo inotongwa Benito Mussolini, uyo akatanga saizvozvi.

Nyore nzira kuronga pechiFascist totalitarianism munyika dziri kusangana zvoupfumi, uye izvi akatora yoga boka vokuItaly vari 20s-40s remakore rechi20.

Pano, zviri pachena kuti akaratidza yakakura weboka kwenzanga mu "yepamusoro" uye "kudzika", izvo zvinopesana nevatambi kuti communism.

Nokuti Fascism kunoratidzwa traditionalism, akaratidza pakuita tsika somumwe chinoumba tsika uye hasha chiuto uye kunamatwa mutungamiri. zvirokwazvo Mussolini aiva mutungamiriri, nguva dzose pakabudisa romoto matauriro mupfungwa, uye akatanga kunyatsoomerera kusenza uye akatsigira Germany muhondo yayo, uyewo mamwe zviito zvakafanana unzenza, izvo zvakaita kuti rufu rwake. Akanga vachitsigirwa Winston Churchill, kufunga enyika makuru.

Utongi political hurumende uye National Socialism

Chimwe chimiro totalitarianism - National Socialism, kana, mune mamwe mazwi, Nazism. In munda uyu akasiyanisa Germany, ane vanhu vanopiwa kodzero nesimba Adolf Hitler muna 1920, uyo akakwanisa chokubatanidza yake anopenga dzematongerwe Anti-Semitism, kusarurana uye Fascism. Pano totalitarianism inobva pfungwa rudzi peculiarities rudzi (magariro yaDarwin), izvo vasinganzwisisiki zvakanyatsobatana kusunungurwa kwavo rudzi mhenyu nzvimbo kuEastern Europe (kunyange vokuGermany uye weNazi kududzira - Aryan, haana zvakawanda kufanira mu Germany) ; uyewo nokuda dzematongerwe ichi chakazozivikanwa zvinoparadza muna rwevaJudha, nekuti Adolf Hitler vaifunga kuti vari kuedza kutora pamusoro nyika uye chitarisiko chavo rine zvinhu vasingakoshi. Uyu ephemeral chaizvo dzidziso, iye, masayendisiti chiwanzo chokudavira kuti zvakanga zvisiri chinangwa asi nzira, chikonzero vemungano chakakuridzira isingadzorwi kuda simba, iyo inobva nezvinetso zvepfungwa yaimbova Führer.

National Socialism, sezvinei, akarega kuvapo munyika yose kuratidzwa, uye mazuva ano anoramba pfungwa dzake uye dzinokura, kufunga Fani iyi chikanganiso chikuru nhoroondo.