Italian Fascism

Nyika yekutanga umo hurumende yeFascist yakagadzwa yaiva Italy. Iyi nzira yakazvarwa pano. Munyika ino nhoroondo ye fascism yakatanga.

Hurumende yakanga iri mumamiriro ezvinhu ezvematongerwe enyika, ehupfumi uye ehupfumi. Yakasimuka muzana remakore rechi19, matambudziko aya akawedzerwa neHondo Yenyika Yekutanga. Seimwe yenyika dzakakunda, Italy yakanga yanyanyiswa nehondo kupfuura mamwe masimba. Iyo dambudziko raiva mumakambani, mari yemari, zvekurima. Munyika yepasi pose pakange pane urombo hwakadaro nekushaiwa basa.

ChiItaly fascism yakatanga kupararira pamagumo ehondo. Misangano yekutanga ine sangano rinotarisana nehurumende yakatanga kuumbwa.

Pasinei nezvimwe zvipingamupinyi, Italy yaiva imwe yevakakunda muhondo. Kutevera hondo, nyika yakagamuchira Istria kubva kuTrieste neSouth Tyrol. Hurumende yenyika yaifanira kuenderera kuYugoslavia Dalmatian kugungwa, uye guta reHangk (Fiume) rakasunungurwa pasina. Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti vanhu vose vakanga vasingafari nemitemo yakadaro yenyika dzakabatanidzwa uye kunonzi kusagadzikana kwehurumende yeItaly.

Mukurwisana nemamiriro ezvinhu enyika, hutungamiri hwenyika hauna kutarisira kupindira mubasa reFume nemauto eItaly akatungamirirwa naGabriele D'Annunzio (mauto haana kuteerera mutemo wekutora). Kwemwedzi gumi namatanhatu, ma "mashizha-mashizha" masoja akachengetedza guta racho. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, fascism yeItaly nemakumbo ayo ese akatanga kukura.

Nzira yezvematongerwo enyika, yakatangwa naAngunzio, yakatora semuenzaniso Mussolini. Sangano rake rakabatana nechokupedzisira mu National Fascist Party. Mune nguva shomanana Mussolini akabudirira pakuumba shanho revanhu, iro ra1921 rakaverengwa nezvemazana mazana maviri vakatora ("blackshirts").

ChiItaly fascism chaiva nechitarisiko chekuita zvemamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika chakanga chisingakoshi chete vekare vezvematongerwo enyika pamwe chete nevemarudzi, asiwo vechidiki nevevarwi vehondo. Vose ava vakaona musangano idzva simba roga roga raigona kugadzirisa zvachose kwete nyika chete, asiwo matambudziko evanhu.

Nzira dzezvematongerwo enyika dzakagadzirwa neItaly fascism, chaizvoizvo, dzakabatanidzwa pakuchinja kwehondo yenyika mukurwisana kwevanhu.

Utungamiri hwenyika hauna kungopindira muzviito zvebato idzva, asi, zvakasiyana, rakavakurudzira munzira dzose. Ihurumende yefascism yakagamuchira kushandiswa kwesangano rakasimba revashandi venyika uye vashandi.

Muna 1921, Gumiguru 27, pamitemo ye Mussolini yakatanga mhirizhonga kuRoma. Kunyange zvazvo "blackshirts" dzakanga dzisina kunyatsozvigadzirira, mapurisa uye hutungamiri hwenyika zvakare vakasarudza kusavhiringidza mumamiriro acho ezvinhu.

Panzvimbo yekudzivisa kupindira, mambo weItaly akasarudza Mussolini semukuru wehurumende yenyika.

Muna 1924, musi waApril 5, mumasarudzo eparamende, sangano reFascist reItaly, pamwe chete nevasununguko (mumutauro mukuru), vakagamuchira chikamu chetatu chezvigaro zvose. Kune rumwe rutivi, simba raMusolini rakange rakatarisana nenzvimbo yemutungamiriri muhurumende yaakapiwa kwaari namambo, kune rumwe rutivi, pane imwe sangano iri pasi pake, semutungamiri.

Kubva munaOctober 1925 yakatanga kugadzirwa kwemasangano eFascist muItaly. Izvi zvikwata zvinopedzisa kusununguka kwehurumende yehurumende. Masangano makumi maviri nemaviri akagadzwa munyika (maererano nematavi emabhizimusi).

Mushure mekugadzwa kwe "corporate system" Mussolini akakwanisa kubvisa nyore nyore zvinyorwa zveparamende. Mushure mokunge, kamuri yevanakanganisika nehurumende uye masangano akaumbwa.

Kubva munaNovember, "mitemo yakakwirira yefascism" yakabudiswa. Izvi zviito zvakakura zvakawedzerwa simba raMusolini nekuwedzera masimba ehurumende zvakakwana zvachose kune itsva itsva.

Mukutanga kwa1928, mutemo mutsva wevasarudzo wakapfuura. Maererano nezvo, "Great Council of Fascists" yakanyora runyora rwevadzidzi. Vavhoti vanogona kuuramba kana kuigamuchira sevose. Somugumisiro, muItaly iyo yose yemaparamende yakatsiviwa nekudzvinyirira.