Occupational ngozi

In sayenzi, ruzivo uye kugadzirwa kushandisa kwezvipimo mashoko uye tsanangudzo chokuita yakachengeteka nzvimbo. Vanongoda ne GOST 12.0.002-80. Standard unoshanda parizvino sezvo Akave nokuvandudza muna 1980 uye yakatsikiswa ne shanduko nhamba 1 muna November 1990. Pamwe chete nemamwe mashoko, rinopa mbiri vakaparadzana tsanangudzo: inokuvadza uye ngozi kugadzirwa zvinhu. First - Ndivo zvikonzero zviri matambudziko izvo, pasi zvimwe zvinhu, mudonzvo nhengo vave chirwere kana kuva inokanganisa utano vake, uyewo kuderedzwa unongotaura. Inokuvadza - Ndivo zvinoita kuti, pasi zvimwe zvinhu kungaita kuti rikwanise chepfu, kunotevera, unopinza uye pakarepo Kushatiswa utano uye dzimwe nguva rufu.

Labor mutemo, ose mushandirwi vanosungirwa kusika njodzi kushanda zvinhu uye kuti kuronga kudhindwa kudzora zvaidiwa zvinodiwa basa kudzivirirwa. Impact anokuvadza inogadzirwa zvinoita kushanda mudonzvo vanofanira kuva yaidzorwa muganhu uye kwete kusapfuudza wainyatsotaura bvumidzwa tsika. Maererano nenyaya yacho Labor Code, waunoshandira anofanira kuita tinyatsonzwisisa mamiriro kushanda ezvinhu uye kuronga advertising pakati dzekushandira, ziva nengozi, kuva matanho kuderedza navo uye kuronga maererano mumirau kuvandudzika chaiyo. Occupational ngozi mazita uye categorizes GOST 12.0.003-74. Vari mapoka mapoka mana: namakemikari, utachiona, panyama uye psychophysiological.

Maererano sezvakarayirwa Bazi Health uye Social Development of Russian Federation № 302 kubva 12.04.2011 makore (kare kushanda Order nhamba 90 1996 akadzima), akatanga yoku- mazita ngozi uye basa izvo hazvo zvinofanira kuitwa pakutanga uye nguva nenguva dzokurapwa bvunzo kana inspections . Uyezve, aifarirwa murayiro mufambiro wavo. Zvinyorwa izvi zviri akambochera zvinoenderana nenyaya yacho Labor Code. Periodic bvunzo zvokurapa uye inspections tinongogara kunze chete tichiregeredza of mushandirwi uye maererano nemashoko basa anonyatsoronga mumwe STRUCTURAL chikwata. Uyewo, zviri sangano panguva wainyatsotaura zvikamu zviri kunyorwa ndandanda yemazita vashandi uye mazita achirondedzera zvinokuvadza kugadzirwa zvinhu nomumwe mushandi mumwe nomumwe.

Health Centers pachiimbwa Occupational utano basa anosarudza kakawanda uye vhoriyamu (vanachiremba, uyewo kwomurabhoritari uye dzichipfekeka zveBhaibheri) zvokurapa nguva nenguva rokuongorora, ichi inorangarira zvinhu zvinokuvadza rwekuita zvakatipoteredza mushandi. Pashure Pakugadzirira ose magwaro musoro sangano (rakasimba, kambani, chivakwa, etc.) anozivisa yakaronga pamusoro nguva uye modalities ari kuongororwa navanachiremba, kufungisisa unhu mumwe STRUCTURAL chikwata. Gwaro iri anofanira kuudzwa vashandi vose, uye vanofanira kugamuchira nenguva kuguma migumisiro kuongorora zvokurapa. Chete pamusoro kwemamiriro rairo ukoshi mushandi inogona akabvuma uye kutanga basa. Zvimwe (kana uchida haabatanidzi kwechirwere chaizvo zvinhu) mushandi ari ambomiswa basa uye vashandi utariri mabasa, vanosarudza nezvebasa rake ramangwana. Kana mushandi Wakashora Kurongeka uye pasina chikonzero chikonzero haisi akapfuura nenguva zvokurapa ongororo, kunyange chikamu ake mabasa (nyaya 214 of Labor Code), uyewo ambomiswa basa uye kuti basa chibvumirano ne basa ringava wakagumiswa.

Kuti vamhan'ari zvose kushanda uye rokutanga kuongororwa yezvokurapa ari webasa vakarongeka. Muchiitiko chino, nhoroondo anofanira kutorwa kunokuvadza kugadzirwa zvinhu, izvo kunoratidzwa ne kupiwa vaipupurirwa Occupational kuchengeteka kubasa, wakaiswa pakati basa chibvumirano pakati mushandi uye mushandirwi. Pasina zvakanaka mhedziso pamusoro kururama kwemashoko vanachiremba kushanda izvi Kugadzirwa mamiriro, akakodzera kuti ari kuramba basa.