Trends kukura dzidzo muRussia. Kurerekera zviri kusimudzira ano dzidzo hurongwa munyika. Trends kukura dzidzo yepamusorosoro

Education - yakanakira hondo chinogona kubva socio-zvoupfumi uye tsika kukura munzanga, kuitira zvinodiwa nenyika, chiwedzere kutendeseka uye makwikwi zviri mamiriro munyaya dzose mubasa international munhandare. The kusangana kwacho tsika uye kurovedzwa, zvesayenzi uye michina nzvimbo ndiyo pakatanga dzemunharaunda ano uye zvaanoda dzidzo, zvesainzi, kupararira kwavo nemagariro uye zvesayenzi uye kwesayenzi nokubudirira. A kukosha basa ndiko Implementation rwakashodoka dzesayenzi, tsika, dzidzo nezvimwe zvirongwa, nezvokupindira remasayendisiti uye vanachiremba vari pakutsvakurudza mapurogiramu.

Definition uye Implementation zvinodiwa nenyika dzidzo

Definition uye Implementation zvinodiwa National dzidzo - ndiwo mukuru nezvemaitiro kukura dzidzo munyika yanhasi Russia. Kusangana kurovedza chokuita zvese, asi kakawanda rinoshandiswa pakugadzirwa zviri dzidzo. nemitemo National dzidzo ine chitsama zvakajeka pamutemo zvinodiwa hweutungamiri kugutsikana. Nhamba vadzidzisi kuti fananidza kudzidzisa zvakawanda. Vamwe vanamazvikokota vanoti kubatana yakavakirwa inoomesera zvinodiwa kuti asunge vose vana zvakafanana tsika nevakangwara muenzaniso pasina zvakakwana hanya avo ezvinhu nomumwe. Kuwedzera, unogona kunzwa pfungwa Standardization yacho zviri dzidzo kwete chairevei Standardization mudzidzi wacho. Saka, mukurovedza zvinokurudzirwa kugadzirisa shoma anodiwa ruzivo uye unyanzvi, apo kuramba yakafara nzvimbo variativnyh hweutungamiri. Zviri ichi kuti anosarudza kudiwa Standardization dzidzo pamwe mberi kuvandudzika ose enyika kuti kusiyaniswa kurairirwa.

Kwadzakabva kuti curricula kuti mamiriro ezvinhu uye zvinodiwa yetsika uye multi-dzinza mudzidzi contingent

Kurovedza New zvirongwa anoisa basa zvinangwa: kupa vana nevanhu vane tsika dzakasiyana uye vemadzinza munzanga zviri kuitwa mutauro kushoma pakati nezivo sepokutangira zvinovaka munzanga kusangana. Nekugadzirisa dambudziko iri kunoda kuedza nenhanho kwenzanga - zvechechi, zvemari, mune zvematongerwe enyika uye, kupfuura zvose, zvakananga zvedzidzo. Saka, mumakore achangopfuura kukura kurovedza pamusoro pemisimboti multiculturalism inomira kunze zvikuru mirayiridzo mapurogiramu mazuvaano uye, chaizvoizvo, zviri nezivo.

Caring, kuremekedza tsika dzavo, nhaurirano, kudzidza nokuwirirana dzekuno vapfume vemarudzi akasiyana uye madzinza somunhu chokutanga nenhungamiro yetsika dzidzo vose kuitika makuru kukura chikoro anoranga. Kuti izvi zvidaro, muchikoro zvidzidzo yaisanganisira ruzivo pamusoro kuitika uye vaimbova dzomunyika siyana geopolitical kumatunhu nenyika uye munhu nyika, uyewo chitendero zvidzidzo mapoka. A Kunyanya kuitika kukura dzidzo ezvinhu anowana abatsire yedzidzo omunharaunda uye emunharaunda. Mukuita kwokudzidza zvimwe nyaya yedzidzo (zvipfeko, zvokudya, varaidzo, utsanana), vana vanodzidza kunzwisisa uye kuremekedza kodzero vose otherness. Zvinokosha akapoteredza yetsika dzidzo vane chikoro zvidzidzo zvechitendero mapoka. Dzidziso dzechitendero dzidzo muzvirongwa zvakagadzirirwa vadzidzi zvitendero zvakasiyana uye zvitendero zvenyika, basa Church Wezvose uye zvinosimudzira vechiduku munhu Rationalist maonero zivisa, wovaita tsika hunhu, nechokwadi kushivirira uye pluralistic mafungiro noukama pakati vanhu kutenda akasiyana-siyana.

Humanization uye humanization tigutsikane dzidzo

Vanhu uye dzaitambura unhu immanent maitiro okukura kudzidza vana. Uye basa uye kukosha yenhengo izvi dzidzo kuchikoro ane zvakajeka zvichikwira muitiro. Mabasa zvakagadzirirwa kugadzirisa chikoro ano, tinofanira kufungawo kwete chete humanistic uye unhu zvebasa paumbwe kwerunyararo ruzivo asiwo kubata vasimbiswe uye kubudirira. Urongwa zvizere kuverenga, kudzivirira dzichipfekeka kusadzidza, nyanzvi kuzvitonga uye kuzadzika pachake, socialization vechiduku - ichi hachisi pasi humanistic zvechokwadi uye unhu matambudziko, izvo kuitika mune mhinduro kukura muitiro yazvino dzidzo gadziriro yakakwana.

Zvisinei, zvinetso humanization uye humanization kuramba nhasi dzepedyo kukosha mukuru chikoro. Ramba uri kuchengeteka chikoro chisimba, akabvumirwa nheyo wokubvumira uye co-mashandiro ari ukama edzidzo. Mukuita kuvadzidzisa nevanhu yakarumbidza kudzidza kwete chete hondo uye zviitiko enyika, asi kupa vadzidzi nokuziva kupfuura siyana siyana uye zvinobatanidzwa kwebasa hwevanhu - zvokutengeserana ukama, zvoupfumi mabasa, chitendero, unyanzvi uye zvakafanana. Sezvatotaurwa, kuti dzinoitwa humanization uye humanization inozviisa mhando dzose inokosha ruzivo, zvino dzinongoitika-hwokugadzira uye akarongeka. Maitiro aya dzidzo kukura vari rakatangwa muna pakudzidzisa tsika nenzira dzakawanda. Wandei kukosha ine ukoshi-kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro chinotaurwa dzinongoitika kwemasvomhu ruzivo Unit zvakare, kunyange zviri zvakafanana yokusafa uye ruzivo kwevanhu. upenyu hwevanhu - ndicho chikuru ukoshi.

Nezvemaitiro Education Development mu China

Achishandisa zvakaitika dzakabudirira mumunda pedagogical yepamusoro dzidzo mu China zvechokwadi yakanaka kuitika mumakumi emakore achangopfuura. In China, pane kumayunivhesiti akawanda kuti batsira nezvavatorwa masangano, muna April 2006, izvi totaled 1100. Mugore 70-ies. Twentieth remakore. Muswere rimwe bato akasarudzwa. Rine zvainovhiringidzawo ayo: mumwe kuzviitirwa maonero, rwechigarire kuzvidzora, vachitevera pfungwa Mao Zedong. In China pedagogical Africa, uyewo vasiri kudzidzisa, chikuru zvinhu zvinosanganisira: Pfungwa uye tsika dzidzo, nheyo mutemo, nheyo Marxist uzivi, misimboti sainzi Marxist enyika, mukova kupinda dzidziso Mao Zedong, mukova kupinda dzidziso DENA Syaopina.

Kare, mukuvamba ramakumi remakore. akaziviswa nzvimbo nhanhatu China, apo vakanga riri zvikoro, chitima vadzidzisi: Beijing nharaunda, nzvimbo yacho North-Eastern Province, hubei dunhu, Si Chuan dunhu, Gun Dun uye Jiang Su. China - imwe nyika hombe uye inobudirira uye vakapfuma neyenyika ndedziya Pamuganhu munyanza. Nechokumadokero kwenyika (apo mugwenga) akaipisisa mamiriro ezvinhu kukura dzidzo yepamusorosoro. Havasi vadzidzi vose pedagogical mumayunivhesiti vanoda kuenda kure makona nyika, kunyanya kumamisha. Naizvozvo, hurumende mutemo kukurudzira vechidiki iyi mweya uchiratidza kuzvipira kunyika uye kuzvipira kuna mukomiyunisiti pfungwa. In China, sezvo munyika enyika dzakawanda, kuti michina mumayunivhesiti dzipe pfuma uye kutsigirwa nemari kuti kukura uye kuvandudzika. Created chaiwo mumarabhoritari, ongororo masangano, chikuva kuti kuedza uye zvakafanana. Somuenzaniso, Beijing Polytechnic University, kuiswawo pakati pemazita ari hurumende hurongwa "Project 211", kuti rinonyatsotarira munyika yose okukura. Pedagogical Africa panyaya iyi shure rwokugadzira. Positive kuitika kukura dzidzo ano vakawanda, uye kunogona nharo kuti nedanho mazuvaano of mudzidzisi dzidzo China iri kuwedzera itsva.

Kukura dzidzo yepamusoro kuUkraine muna pezvishuvo European kusangana

Ever-kuwedzera basa uye kukosha kwokurovedza vanokwanisa iri urongwa mumagariro mberi. Education - yakanakira hondo chinogona kubva socio-zvoupfumi uye tsika kukura vanhu, National zvinodiwa, chiwedzere kutendeseka uye makwikwi zviri mamiriro munyaya dzose mubasa international munhandare. Trends kukura dzidzo ano muUkraine chidzore nzira iri Bologna kwacho. The Sumo zvarinotaura ndiye Ukraine raMwari European kusangana chinhu uye nzira kuvandudza vemo 'kuwana dzidzo yepamusoro, zvinoda chaizvo kuchinja zvinhu marongerwo uye zviri dzidzo, ruzivo kudzidza, kutsigira kwavo zvemari uye methodological.

Nekushandura dzidzo tichitarisa zvayakaita uye substantively, chinhu zvenzara evanhu vanoda nhasi. Kupinda Bologna nzvimbo nokuda Ukrainian vanhu ava chinokosha uye zvakakodzera nokuda kwokupa kugadzirisa dambudziko kuziva wokuUkraine zvitupa kunze, vanatsiridze kushanda zvakanaka uye unhu dzidzo uye, naizvozvo, kuti makwikwi pakati Ukrainian yepamusoro dzidzo masangano vavo kudzidza muna European uye pose basa musika. Panguva iyoyo hapana chokwadi nezveremangwana uye nhungamiro ukama pakati muUkraine uye European Union. Uyu ndiwo mumwe chinangwa constraints kusangana pakati Ukrainian yepamusoro dzidzo iri European nzvimbo. Nzira kunze izvi, ndiko kupindura mubvunzo: chii muitiro muUkraine, kuvandudza dzidzo yakakodzera, zvichienderana padanho unoda Ukrainian yepamusoro dzidzo kuita kudaro.

Modern yepamusoro dzidzo kuPoland

Experience kunyika yedu vanogona kuva zvakaitika Republic of kuPoland, unova wokutanga post-mugovanisi nyika nemasaini "Bologna Declaration" June 19, 1999. Mugumo XX - mavambo XXI remakore ndiyo nguva kusaina pakati Vashumiri Education of vaitungamirira nyika magwaro pamusoro dzakakwirira okuchinja dzidzo European maererano nemamiriro ezvinhu enyika yanhasi. Great Charter pamusoro Africa akasaina September 18, 1988.

Zvino Poland ane akanakisisa nezvemaitiro kukura dzidzo munyika (kubva zvesekondari kune doctorate mapurogiramu) vechidiki vane makore 15 kusvika 24 makore. kubudirira izvi vadzidzisi Polish vagare zvakadzama utariri decentralization pamwe dzakakwirira rukovodsvom nyika. With hushumiri, izvo pasi vakawanda (pachena) masangano vaidyidzana Central Council for Yepamusoro Education (hwakagadzwa muna 1947), iyo ine 50 akasarudzwa vamiririri mumayunivhesiti uye vezvesayenzi (kusanganisira vanachiremba 35, 10 vadzidzisi pasina votadza Doctor uye uye 5 vamiririri muviri mudzidzi).

Mutemo akapa kuna Board yakawanda supervisory kodzero, nekuti pasina mvumo kwete dzinounzwa bhajeti uye usaenda vanoshumira mirairo. Public yepamusoro dzidzo zvikoro vanogamuchira mari kubva hurumende papfuma kusangana nematambudziko kwakabatana kurovedza vadzidzi akanyorwa papurogiramu, akapedza kudzidza vadzidzi uye vaongorori; kwerunyararo dzidzo yepamusoro masangano, kusanganisira kugadziriswa pakati kwakavakirwa, etc ... mari aya dzinounzwa kubva hurumende bhajeti, neKomisheni Bazi Science uye Higher Education. State mumayunivhesiti Hazvibhadharisi mari kuti muripo, asi vadzidzi kuita mari kuna akadzokorora makore kurovedza nokuda murombo zvedzidzo chaitwa, nokuti makosi mumitauro yokumwe uye vachiravana kuti haana kuiswawo pakati chirongwa. State mumayunivhesiti kubvuma muripo kubvuma, uye voruzhinji mumakoreji anogona undoraira vachibhadharisa pakuchinja suo bvunzo.

Trends kukura dzidzo yepamusoro mu Russia

Yepamusoro Education, sezvo imwe chete kutungamirira paruzhinji masangano, dzichichinja maererano rinomutsa munzanga urongwa - zvoupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika, tsika, magariro. Zvisinei, mhinduro dzadzidza gadziriro kuti paruzhinji zvinoda kuitika imwe inertia. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi pane kudiwa munhu zvakanangwa uye zvechigarire uchityaira dzinokosha parameters anoranga pamwe evanhu zvachinja zvinoenderana. Yakadaro chinhu sezvo kugutsikana pasi paumbwe mazuvaano kuitika. Muitiro bumbiro ane zvinhu zvikuru zviviri - social uye pedagogical nokuti zvinodyidzana. Naizvozvo, handishanduki nguva dzose evanhu divi rwoga anochinja mudzidzisi. Asi pakupedzisira Kufambisa wavo anova chinangwa kudiwa uye kunoda nepavanogona pedagogical zviito. Kunoratidza ichi chikonzero pacharo zvechigarire kwacho zvokuvandudza zviri dzidzo yepamusoro mu Russia. The nokukurumidza mune zvesayenzi uye kugadzira mberi, pave michina mitsva, yakakwirira azvipire musika ukama, asi democratization evanhu ukama uye ndiwo zvinhu kuti tizive zvinodiwa uye dzinoumba mamiriro kuvandudza zviri chesekondari.

Kuzvipokanidza kuvandudzika dzidzo hurongwa

Nhasi, kuvandudzika vadzidzi zvirongwa ane nzvimbo aitungamirira chinzvimbo zvinonyatsorehwa akapoteredza mazuvaano yacho zviri dzidzo yepamusorosoro. Richirondedzera kukura zviri kudzidzisa mumayunivhesiti uye anotanga, tinogona kuona kukosha kwakadaro Pakuurayiwa yokukakavadzniswa dzinopikisana zvinoumba acho, akadai:

- The kupokana pakati inopiwa huwandu ruzivo kwevanhu vaunganidza uye kurovedza shoma zvirongwa. No mukana zvizere kuratidza ruzivo urwu mune zvakanaka yakazara uye zvakakodzera kudzika.
- kupikisana pakati kuvimbika pakunamata uye ruzivo kwevanhu uye zvinganaka ichiparara kana chirango nzira kwayo yokudzidzisa vadzidzi.
- The kupokana pakati chinangwa zviri ruzivo uye zvinhu sezvazviri siyana uye nzira hutachiwana uye kuitwa.
- The kupokana pakati evanhu kutonhodza ari kugutsikana zivo uye munhu maitiro vadzidzi 'kuzviitira zvavanoda uye unhu kuti pamberi ayo Absorção de Água.

Mazuvaano Redzidzo Russia

Pose pazvinobvira, vadzidzisi kuti achinje kana chechetere pamusoro misiyano iyi. Akanyanya nzvimbo ano mazuvaano mabasa kuumba zviri chesekondari inozviisa pamwero mukuru, ndiyo ichi. Nokudaro, pakutanga munzvimbo kunganzi kutevera kukura dzidzo nezvemaitiro Russia:

1.Sokraschenie musiyano pakati nebudiriro nesayenzi yemazuva ano uye kwerunyararo chirango.

2. vapfume uye modernizing ari invariant chezvinonhuwira kwerunyararo dzidzo yepamusorosoro.

3. Optimizing kukura pakati namatombo chokuita nevanhu uye dzinongoitika uye akarongeka ruzivo.

4. Humanization uye humanization pamusoro zviri dzidzo yepamusorosoro.

5. kwakarongwa chisimbiso kupfurikidza wezvamatongerwe multi-nechirango Integrated namatombo kugutsikana ruzivo.

6. Implementation pakati anoranga yedzidzo munzanga uye anobatsira nechokugedhi Newest mashoko dzemuchina dzakaitawo.

7. kwadzakabva kurovedza zvirongwa zvavo yakarongeka kugadzira maererano nemamiriro uye zvinodiwa yetsika uye multi-dzinza kwevanhu mudzidzi.

8.Sovershenstvovanie zvechechi urongwa uye yakarongeka nezvigadziko kudzidzisa zvirongwa ruzivo kuitira kuitwa yavo kumhedziso vazhinji vadzidzi.