How kuverenga sociometric chinzvimbo?

Chidobi, iyo yakataurwa Dzhekob Levi Moreno, kushandiswa nechirwere ose intergroup uye interpersonal ukama, rinogona kubatsira kuisa sociometric chinzvimbo, kushandura, kuvandudza uye kuvandudza ukama izvi. Sociometry zvakare anotibvumira kudzidza typology maitiro evanhu munharaunda, kutonga munzanga uye mupfungwa kugarisana kwevanhu vari boka basa.

Positive kana akaipa sociometric mamiriro - kupangidza unhu, inova chikamu sociometric marongerwo uye anopindura umwe spatial nzvimbo (zvimwe - locus). Izvi zvinoreva kuti inoongorora uwandu zvaunofarira uye Mukono kwe kubva kuvanhu vakavapoteredza. Boka mamiriro ehupfumi vanopiwa nechimwe chine maatomu akafanana, asi zviri gogonera kwazvo, uye saka nokuda okufananidza Kuongororwa neimwe ukama kunoyerwa uye runotaurwa nhamba. Ndiro indekisi kuti sociometric hweHIV. Kukarukureta muenzaniso anopiwa munyaya ino.

zvinangwa sociometry

sociometric chipimo nzira anobatsira kuziva mwero dissociation uye cohesion muboka, uye kuona nzvimbo mupfungwa sociometric reshiyo simba pamusana nezvausingadi. Saka, uye vari zvakasiyana matanda vanhu vave vachipiwa sociometric chinzvimbo, akadai mutungamiri kana pomutadzi. Mukuwedzera, mukati boka uchida kuwana subsystem, vakaungana zvimwe dzidzo, idzo kungava vatungamiri vavo yakajairwa. Mitambo pasi dzidziso iyi kunobatsira kuti nokuyerwa vatungamiri simba - uye wevakadzidza uye kurongwa, kuti ipapo vaironga kuunganazve kubudikidza zvikwata vanhu kuti kuderedza ari chikwata, izvo yakakonzerwa nezvavasingadi vanhu, kazhinji yakawiriranwa.

Sociometric chinzvimbo vagara vandifungira yemaitiro, kunze neboka. Hazvina kutora nguva, zvikuru kota paawa, asi kunoita zvakawanda zvinobatsira. chidobi Kunyanya zvakanaka vakashandisa tsvakurudzo, riri kushanda kuvandudzika ukama.

Pokugadzwa sociometric chinzvimbo hazvirevi kuti matambudziko ose zvichapedzwa kurara Chokwadi, ichi hachisi yakakura nzira kubvisa intra-voltages. Uye chikonzero zvakakosha kutarisa zvikuru zvakadzika, kwete munhu nezvausingadi yacho rezvizhinji. Kuita matambudziko aya zvikuru kure-zvakavanzika zvinyorwa. Kuvimbika sociometric nzira kunobva zvikurukuru pamusoro chairo kusarudza nzira uye zvinorayirwa pakutsvakurudza chirongwa chavo, uye risati kujairirana chaizvo zviri ukama vari boka.

sociometric nzira

The vakawanda Zano chiito ndeinotevera: Chokutanga, ugoisa kudzidza dambudziko uye akasarudzwa kuyerwa zvinhu, uye ipapo kuronga hypotheses uye urongwa nezvezviri kuti ongororo yakaitwa nerimwe boka nhengo. Kuzivikanwa sociometric nzira hakuratidzwi, kubva muchiitiko ichi nokuyerwa hauchazopi zvinozoita. mutsvakurudzi chinodiwa pachena zvavo nezvausingadi zvikurukuru, iva nechokwadi kuti afuridzire vazhinji vakabvunzwa havasi chete matambudziko nechomukati, asiwo unopinza kusada kutora chikamu mune ongororo iyi.

Ndivo zvaiva sociometric mamiriro kukoreji-zera vateereri, kubva vechikoro. Pano zvakanaka kushandisa chimiro makadhi, izvo akanyora akasarudza mibvunzo uye nzira, kana kuti kuronga Mubvunzurudzo ongororo mhando nomuromo. The yokupedzisira iri kunyanya yakanyatsokodzera kana chidzidzo hwakarongwa kuyera sociometric chinzvimbo mune boka duku.

Hurongwa muongororo

Mibvunzo yavo inopindurwa neimwe nhengo boka, kusarudza, zvichienderana kwakarerekera zvimwe navo, zvinzvimbo zvepamusoro kwavari zvatinofarira tichienzanisa nevamwe. The chikuru chokuratidza - likes dzavo nezvaasingadi, kushaya chivimbo, kana kuvimba, uye zvichingodaro. Mibvunzo zvinofanira kusarudzwa kuitira kuti zvose zvinogona kuti zvive nyore kuziva nhamba mumwe kune mumwe, kuti mutungamiri, ivo kurongwa mutungamiri, ivo chikwata vamwe chikonzero haagamuchiri. The experimenter verenga mibvunzo miviri pasi tsamba a) uye b), ipapo respondent anopa mirayiridzo. Vanofanira kunyora kwavo mazita mazita matatu.

Under wokutanga mufananidzo - munhu vaizosarudza pakutanga, pasi rechipiri - munhu vaizosarudza kana vakanga vasina kutanga uye wechitatu - uyo aizotora nzvimbo, regai kuva maviri ekutanga. Mibvunzo pasi tsamba inogona rinoumbwa sezvo uchida, zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu. Somuenzaniso, kana ari akayera zvaiva sociometric mamiriro kukoreji-zera vana, vanogona kuva:

• Ndeupi chehondo naye, ungadai kukumbirwa kubatsira kugadzirira bvunzo? (Zita First, wechipiri, wechitatu).
• Munhu mamwe masoja ake here angasada muboka aizofanira kurikumbira, kunyange kana zvashata? (Uyewo - anonziwo rokutanga, wechipiri newechitatu).

mibvunzo Sample

Kuti uzive kuti chinzvimbo sociometric anoenderana dzose mabhizimisi ukama, nyaya kuva siyanei:

• With ani Ungada kuenda refu bhizimisi rwendo?
• With ani Ungada kuenda rwendo rurefu?

Ipfungwa Second:

• Ndiani Unofunga, zvakanaka kuzadzisa mabasa muchitoro mutariri, kukwegura kana zvimwe murongi?
• Uyo Unofunga zvichava zvakaoma kuita mabasa murongi?

Zvichingodaro. Mibvunzo vanofanira chaizvo zvakarurama, asi zviri nyore kuti chokuita chido sarudzo.

In Saizvozvo sociometric mamiriro chikoro anokurudzira kuongorora uye ukama vari boka. Mibvunzo dzinoitwa pamusoro ichocho, asi mukati miganhu yacho. Somuenzaniso:

• Ndiani iwe akakurudzira ezvinhu akaoma, kana rinowanikwa muupenyu hwako pachako?
• Ndianiko kubva muboka waungada kutaura mumwe Council kana kuti chikonzero chii?

Mibvunzo inotevera:

• With ani zvawaizoda kamuri muhositeri?
• Kana boka rako kuumbwa zvakare, uyo ungada kuona vari boka idzva?

Uye mumwe nezvechisarudzo:

• Ndiani iwe kukoka kumutambo Somuenzaniso, nokuti zuva rangu?
• Mumwe muboka rako uri rokuberekwa wako angasada kuona?

Kuzosimbisa rakarurama mhinduro, chidzidzo ichi chinogona kuitwa mumwe chete boka kupfuura kamwe, chete nevamwe nyaya.

nonparametric chimiro

Border sociometric chinzvimbo vakatsunga zvikuru shaky, kana uri kushandisa pakutanga, asiri parametric chimiro kutsvakurudza. Zvisinei, zvinobatsira kuti kuwanikwa ose nhengo boka mhando mupfungwa expansiveness, kuwana vakatema neboka mamiriro dzakasiyana-siyana interpersonal ukama. Kunyanya rinobatsirawo uyewo nokuti zvinowanzoshandiswa pakutanga kudzidza, uye ipapo chikwata achava tajairira kundorondedzera zvakawanda dzama. Zvakare, nzira iyi zvakanaka chete nemapoka maduku, uye kana ane vanopfuura gumi nevaviri vanhu vanoda Michina kombiyuta kuverenga zvabuda. Nheyo kudzidza ichi: nyaya Mumwe anopindura mibvunzo makadhi pasina vakaomerwa sarudzo. Kana zvaanoda vasere pfumbamwe (repfumbamwe - iye), iye inscribes mazita avo mumwe nomumwe. (Vamwe, kunyanya kuvanza, rakanyorwa alphabetically kana kuponesa ingi, kusaina kuti "vasarudze zvose!")

Tichingotarisa zvinogoneka uwandu zvisarudzo zvakaitwa neimwe nhengo chikwata vachava (N-1), apo N - nhamba yevanhu vari muboka. Uye mumwe sangano anogona kusarudza zvakafanana (N-1) kanoverengeka. kukosha Ndicho, nenzira, ndiyo nguva dzose huru quantitative chenguva dzose sociometric zvokuyera. Asi nonparametric nzira inoita nemamwe kuti pasi, uye kusarudza chinhu. Uyewo, zviri kuvamirira huru iri zvichida kuwana vakasarudzwa zvisina kurongwa. Vakapemberera zvose zvakaoma chaizvo zviri kudaro undifferentiated amorphous hurongwa ukama nevamwe. Asi - unoratidza chakarongwa kuvimbika uye pachena disingenuous. Ndokusaka vanotsvakurudza kwakachinja nzira nzira uye nokudaro akaderedza chikamu ndingangokuvara anongoitika selection, Category sociometric mamiriro.

parametric nzira

In kechipiri musimboti zvishoma nhamba zvokusarudza. Somuenzaniso, nhengo unogona chete kunzi tisingatauri yakamisirwa nhamba mazita. Kana chikwata vanhu makumi maviri, mumwe akakumbira kusarudza Somuenzaniso, mhuri ina kana shanu chete. Izvi zvinonzi muganhu kusarudzwa kana sociometric kukamurwa, uye zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti mashoko akavimbika rwuchiwanzwa zvikuru, panguva imwe chete kufambisa mashoko Statistical kubudiswa dziri kuwana zvinhu. The nyaya vava kunyatsoteerera mhinduro uye mupfungwa vanonzwa mutoro dzavo sarudzo, uye saka anenge asina vakanyengera, chaizvoizvo ichiti vanhu chete vaya navo mharidzo yavo richaitirwa mabasa - co-workers mutungamiri kana mumwe.

Uyewo, kunyatsoenderana madzoro uye kunaka sociometric mamiriro. sarudzo kutirambidza ndingangokuvara anongoitika mhinduro ipfupi kusvika zero, uye kunobatsirawo kuti fananidza tsvakurudzo mamiriro, kunyange kana boka iri rimwe mharidzo vane nhamba zvakasiyana. Izvi zvose zvinoita kuti kuenzanisa mapoka akasiyana nezvinhu. Zvino zvinofungirwa kuti mumapoka kusvikira makumi maviri nezvishanu shoma ukoshi sociometric mitemo kunge zvina kana zvishanu sarudzo.

Standardization

The musiyano zvinokosha rechipiri pachake kubva pakutanga nzira ndeyokuti sociometric dzose (N-1) anogona kuchengetwa munyika vakagamuchira chete sarudzo - nhengo boka. System akakanda sarudzo - ne ubatanidzwe muboka - akayera kushandisa tsika itsva - D, zvinoreva sociometric chengeto. Nokuda kwayo sumo, zvinokwanisika kuti fananidza vose kwokunze ezvinhu sarudzo pakati mapoka inosiyana. Kukosha D akatsunga hazvo saizvozvo mapoka ose kusarudza chero mukana. Kuti tizive mukana kuti pane nzira: P (A) = D / (N-1). Pano, P ndiye ndingangokuvara anongoitika zviitiko, (A) - sociometric sarudzo, uye N - nhamba nhengo dzeboka.

Kazhinji P (A) anosarudzwa inenge 0.20-0.30, uye dzinomiririra tsika ava pamusoro payakavakirwa kuziva D (uye kukosha N anozivikanwa kwatiri), tinowana neuwandu zvinoratidza sociometric okurambidzwa basa boka iri. Zvazvakashatira nzira iyi iripo: hazvibviri kuona zvose kusiyana ukama vari chikwata, akazivisa chete subjectively Links zvinokosha zvinoratidzwa chete vasanangurwa, hwokufananidzira kukurukurirana, uye rose maumbirwo boka iri haisi zvakazara pachena. Sociometric chengeto haaratidzi dengetera rwakakura chikwata nhengo.

sociometric kadhi

Kana Profile kadhi kuti zvidzidzo sociometric paainyora kare panguva yokupedzisira padariro kukura chirongwa ichi. Kuzadza kunze kadhi, ubatanidzwe nomumwe ari kuongorora vanofanira kuratidza mafungiro avo kune vamwe boka zvimwe zvinodiwa - dzemabhizimisi kusarudza mabasa, mushandirapamwe, zvinokuvaraidza, uye zvichingodaro. Nzira dziri kupfuura novimba chinangwa kudzidza uye kutevera chirongwa, kureva, chii nyaya: ukama iri boka yokuzvifadza, kana iri kugadzirwa chikwata, yakadzikama chikwata, kana zviri pfupi, uye zvichingodaro.

Tafura anopa anofungidzirwa zviri kadhi kwakadaro.

kukarukureta zvabuda

Mushure makadhi aunganidzwa, tanga kwemasvomhu mashoko kubudiswa, uye saka chinofanira kanenge zvishoma inotiudzei sei kuverenga sociometric chinzvimbo. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa munzira nhatu - indeksologicheskim, graphical uye tabular. Last dzinoratidzwa kuti migumisiro azara yoga toga uye mabhizimisi ukama. Vertical ari mazita ari wokutanga mbiru, uye yakatambarara pakatarisana mumwe - nhamba: + 1, + 2, + 3, etc. Anoreva vaya vakasarudzwa sezvo wokutanga, wechipiri uye naizvozvo vose, uye -1, -2, -3, etc. - avo vakanga vasina kusarudzwa muna rokutanga, wechipiri uye inotevera. Reciprocity rekuva uye kunaka kusarudzwa zviri patafura zvevakoma denderedzwa (urongwa hakunganzi).

Pashure pokupedza basa iri riri kutwasuka vakaverenga algebraic Verengai zvose akagamuchira sarudzo nenzira imwe neimwe yeboka. Ipapo akaverenga rimwe zvibozwa. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti Danho rokutanga kusarudzwa +3 kana -3, wechipiri +2 kana -2, uye zvichingodaro. Uye vakasiya zvapedzisira - kuverenga zvachose algebraic pachiyero, kutsanangura nyaya sociometric chinzvimbo muboka.

sociometric maindex

Pano tinofanira kupatsanura pakati pauzima uye boka indekisi pamusoro sociometric hweHIV. Example kukarukureta inoratidza kuti rokutanga kurondedzera munhu magariro uye mafungiro zvivako yacho senhengo chikwata, uye kusanganiswa wechipiri kujekesa unhu rose configuration pakati sociometric sarudzo vari boka, ichirondedzera ehupfumi yacho kutaurirana zvivako. Somuenzaniso, kana mudzidzi Ivanova akagamuchira yokutanga kusarudza waunodzidza naye Petrov, Sidorov uye kubva kwaari chisarudzo wechipiri, nhengo mitsetse makadhi vari nhengo mbiru vari kuisa, iye runoenzanirana nenhamba. Kana Ivanov Petrov anofarirawo kupfuura dzimwe, kureva, chisarudzo chaiva mose, kuti nhamba idzi dzinofanira denderedzwa.

Pazasi chizvaro rinowanikwa kuti nhamba sarudzo yaiva Ivanova uye Petrov uye Sidorov. Next - com nemasvomhu, ngaaverenge sociometric mamiriro mudzidzi mumwe nomumwe. Formula nomunhu: C = M: (N-1). Kubva pano - zviri sociometric chinzvimbo, M - uwandu yesarudzo, pane zvakanaka plus kubvisa uye akaipa, kubva N - Nhamba nyaya. Somuenzaniso, Ivanova akagamuchira 4 9 = 0.44. Izvozvo hazvina kuipa. Asi kunyange kana zvinobva Zvinogumbura, kuchikoro uye vabereki vane hombe pedagogical zvinogona kuchinja sociometric chinzvimbo mudzidzi. Chinhu chikuru - kuti kuyerwa uye kunzwisisa kuti dambudziko iri.

Zvinonyanyozivikanwa inotevera chinzvimbo Categories: Nyeredzi sociometric, vaifarira, vangosiyiwa, kunze uye yoga. Ivo zvisingapindirani uwandu zvakanaka uye kunaka sarudzo uye mubatanidzwa ayo. Zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti munhu anoziva avo chinzvimbo uye kana vakasununguka mune basa iri.