GIS - ndiko ... Geographic Information Systems

GIS - GIS chinhu ano Mobile gadziriro, izvo anokwanisa kuratidza nzvimbo yako pamepu. At moyo pfuma iyi inokosha ndiko kushandiswa michina zviviri: Nzvimbo ruzivo uye Global Positioning. Kana foni aine midzi GPS-mugamuchiri, uchishandisa mudziyo akadaro anogona kusarudza nzvimbo yaro uye saka rakarurama anoona GIS pacharo. Zvinosuruvarisa Nzvimbo ruzivo michina uye enyika ari mumutauro wokuRussia mabhuku zvesayenzi, hunomiririrwa vashoma mabhuku, saka anoita pasina ruzivo pamusoro algorithms kuti zvinokonzera functionality yavo.

GIS kupatsanura

Geographic Information Systems nokupesana kunoitika pazuva miganhu neBhaibheri:

1. Global GIS inoshandiswa kudzivisa nevanhu uye njodzi kubvira 1997. With date izvi zvinokwanisika ari pfupi nguva kufanotaura rapanzvimbo njodzi, hurongwa liquidation nezvinozoitika, rokuongorora nokuparara uye kurasikirwa neupenyu, uyewo kuronga zvokuyamura zviito.
2. Regional Geographic Information System yakatanga panguva matunhu neminisiparati chechetere. Inoita zviremera zvemo kufanotaura kukura womumwe nharaunda. ino unomirira anenge ose munzvimbo inokosha, akadai mari, pfuma, kufamba mugungwa, informational, pamutemo uye nevamwe. Uyewo kucherechedza kuti kushandiswa michina izvi mukana ave rubatso vakachengeteka mune zvose vemo. Regional Geographic Information System parizvino kushandiswa zvikuru zvinobudirira nokutsigira mari uye kukurumidza kukura youpfumi mudunhu racho.

Mumwe nomumwe pamusoro mapoka ane zvimwe subtypes:

• The yose GIS zvinosanganisira National uye subcontinental ezvinhu, kazhinji vane mamiriro mamiriro.
• Panguva emunharaunda - omunharaunda, Sub-emunharaunda, emo.

Data mashoko gadziriro mashoko anogona kuwanikwa chaiyo zvikamu pomumbure, akadana geoportals. Ivo anoiswa pachena achazoburuka Zvokukurukura asina kurambidzwa.

musimboti oparesheni

Geographic mashoko hurongwa kushanda panheyo pavanoteka uye kudzidzira algorithm. Kunoitawo kwebasa chinhu kwakaratidzwa pamusoro GIS mepu, kusanganisira kwebasa foni mukati yomunharaunda hurongwa. Kuti tsanangura pfungwa iri mufananidzo nzvimbo, unofanira kuziva Coordonatele zviviri - X uye Y. Kana inofamba ane chinhu pamepu runodiwa kuziva kutevedzana kwezviitiko Coordonatele (Xk uye Yk). mashandiro avo anofanira kuwirirana yakasiyana nguva yomunharaunda GIS hurongwa. Ndicho chikonzero Pakusarudza nzvimbo chinhu.

kutevedzana uku Coordonatele zvinogona kuwanikwazve kubva mureza NMEA-faira kuti GPS-mugamuchiri, kuita sangano chairo pasi. Nokudaro, inobva algorithm kukurukurwa pano kushandisa mashoko NMEA-faira pamwe Coordonatele ari trajectory ari chinhu mune imwe ndima. The Data zvakafanira kunogona kuwanikwa somugumisiro pamusoro simulation acho kufamba nemhaka kombiyuta simulations.

GIS algorithms

Geographic mashoko hurongwa Makavakwa pamusoro Data yepakutanga, iyo anotorwa kukudziridza algorithm. Kazhinji, chine Coordonatele (Xk uye Yk), unoenderana imwe trajectory iri chinhu muchimiro NMEA-faira uye digitaalinen GIS mepu panguva yasarudzwa nzvimbo munzvimbo. Chakaoma kutanga algorithm kuti anoratidza inofamba ane pfungwa chinhu. Nokufamba basa iri algorithms zvitatu vakaongorora, pane basa.

• Wokutanga GIS algorithm - nayo NMEA-faira Data kuongorora kuti dzokubvisa kwazviri kuti vanoronga kutevedzana (Xk uye Yk),
• The algorithm wechipiri chinoshandiswa kuverenga chinhu necheparutivi penzira, kuverenga parameter rinoitwa kubva mirayiridzo mabvazuva.
• The algorithm wechitatu - kuona mwero chinhu hama kuti mufundisi.

Generalized algorithm: mukuru pfungwa

A generalized algorithm kuti majini kufamba pfungwa chinhu pamusoro GIS mepu zvinosanganisira matatu yambotaurwa algorithm:

• NMEA date ongororo;
• pakuverenga Track angled ari chinhu;
• Pakusarudza nzira chinhu hama kunyika dzepasi pose.

Geographic mashoko enyika pamwe generalized algorithm pamwe dzinokosha kudzora chinhu - mumwe timer (Timer). Standard dambudziko iri kuti anobvumira chirongwa kuti vaunze zvinhu panguva nenguva. Kushandisa chinhu chakadaro kunogona kuiswa nguva inodiwa kuti aite seti maitirwo kana mabasa. Somuenzaniso, kuti akaramba kuita nguva penguva mumwe wechipiri, zvakakodzera kuisa zvinotevera ehupfumi ari Timer:

• Timer.Interval = 1000;
• Timer.Enabled = True.

Somugumisiro, mumwe wechipiri achatanga nzira kuverenga Coordonatele X, Y of chinhu pamusoro NMEA-faira, saka kuti pfungwa iyi vakawana Coordonatele kunoratidzwa pamusoro GIS mepu.

Nheyo kushanda timer

Kushandisa geoinformation gadziriro iri sezvinotevera:

1. On digital mepu matatu nemuumbi pfungwa (chiratidzo - 1, 2, 3) iro dzinoenderana trajectory ari chinhu panguva dzakasiyana nguva pfungwa tk2, tk1, UM. Ivo chokwadi chokuita ne mutsetse hwakasimba.
2. Achitendeukira pamusoro uye kure timer, kuratidza kuzvidzora kwebasa chinhu pamepu, nokushandisa, inodzidzisa runonditsikirira mabhatani. kukosha kwavo uye mumwe mubatanidzwa inogona kudzidzwa pasi zano.

NMEA-faira

Takurukura muchidimbu kurondedzera nemamiriro GIS NMEA-faira. Gwaro iri rakanyorwa ASCII format. Kutaura zvazviri, chinhu dzakati kuti kupanana ruzivo pakati GPS-mugamuchiri nezvimwe mano akadai PC kana PDA. Mumwe NMEA shoko rinotanga pamwe $ chiratidzo, zvichiteverwa maviri hunhu kuzivikanwa mudziyo (nokuti GPS-mugamuchiri - Chiremba) uye inoguma kutevedzana \ R \ N - wenhumbi kudzoka hunhu uye newline. Rakarurama Data ari ziviso kunoenderana mhando shoko. ruzivo zvose zviri mune rimwe mutsetse, minda akaparadzaniswa nevanhu nezvitura befu.

Kuti tinzwisise kuti Nzvimbo mashoko mugadziriro, zvakakwana kudzidza unoshandiswa zvikuru mhando shoko $ GPRMC, chine zvishoma, asi chikuru akagadzirwa date: chinhu kuti nzvimbo, ayo kumhanya uye nguva.
Funga muenzaniso chaiwo pamusoro iyo mashoko encoded mairi:

• musi Pakusarudza Coordonatele ari chinhu - January 7, 2015 d.
• UTC UTC Positioning - 10 54m 52s;
• rinoronga of chinhu - 55 ° 22,4271 'N uye 36 ° 44,1610 'E

We simbisa kuti Coordonatele ari chinhu dziri madhigirii uye maminitsi, izvo zvaizogona nhamba anopiwa kusvika mana grade nzvimbo (kana pfungwa sezvo grade chikamu nhamba chaiyo iri USA pamanyorerwo). Mune ramangwana uchada kuti faira muna NMEA-Latitude nzvimbo yacho chinhu chiri panzvimbo mushure koma rechitatu uye Longitude - pashure wechishanu. Panoperera shoko iri inoparadzirwa checksum mushure chiratidzo '' muchimiro maviri hexadecimal digits - 6C.

Geographic Information System: Muenzaniso algorithm

Funga algorithm NMEA-faira kuongorora kuti dzosa chine Coordonatele (X uye Yk), unoenderana nzira kufamba pamusoro chinhu. It chakagadzirwa matanho anoverengeka akatevedzana.

Kutsunga pakati Coordonatele ari chinhu Y

NMEA date ongororo algorithm

Step 1. Verenga GPRMC tambo NMEA-faira.

Danho 2: Find wechitatu grade pfungwa chinzvimbo tambo (q).

Danho 3: Ona nzvimbo wechina pfungwa iri tambo (R).

Step 4. Tsvaga, kutanga panguva nzvimbo Q, ari grade pfungwa hunhu (T).

Step 5. Kuti kutora rimwe hunhu kubva tambo iri nzvimbo (R + 1).

Danho 6: Kana hunhu uyu W, ipapo NorthernHemisphere shanduka yakaiswa kuti 1, zvimwe -1.

Step 7. wabvisa (R + 2) mitsara vatambi kubvira nezvenzvimbo (t-2).

Step 8. wabvisa (tq-3) mitsara vatambi kutangira kubva nzvimbo (Q + 1).

Step 9. exchange tambo kuti nhamba chaiyo uye Y dzinotarisira pamusoro chinhu computed mu radians.

Kutsunga pakati Coordonatele ari chinhu X

Step 10. Find nzvimbo wechishanu pfungwa mumutsara (n).

Step 11. Kuwana nzvimbo rechitanhatu pfungwa mumutsara (m).

Step 12: Find, kutanga pana nzvimbo N, ari grade pfungwa hunhu (p).

Step 13. Bvisa imwe hunhu tambo riri nzvimbo (m + 1).

Step 14. Kana hunhu iri 'E', ipapo shanduka EasternHemisphere yakaiswa kuti 1, zvimwe -1.

Step 15. Bvisa (m-p + 2) mitsara vatambi kutangira kubva panzvimbo (p-2).

Step 16. Bvisa (p-N + 2) row vatambi kutangira kubva nzvimbo (n + 1).

Step 17. exchange tambo kuti nhamba chaiyo uye compute X dzinotarisira pamusoro chinhu mune radians.

Step 18. Kana NMEA-faira haisi kuverenga kusvika pakuguma, ipapo uende ambomira 1, zvimwe kuenda ambomira 19.

Step 19. Finish algorithm.

In danho 6, ne16 algorithm inoshandisa variables uye NorthernHemisphere EasternHemisphere kusanganiswa Coding kuti chinhu nzvimbo munyika. In hwokumusoro (wokumaodzanyemba) hemisphere NorthernHemisphere shanduka anotora ukoshi 1 (-1), ukuwo, zvakafanana kumabvazuva (vokumadokero) hemisphere EasternHemisphere - 1 (-1).

Kushandiswa GIS

Kushandiswa enzvimbo mashoko gadziriro kwakapararira munzvimbo dzakawanda:

• Zvemaumbirwo uye cartography;
• zvokutengeserana uye mabasa;
• Inventory;
• dzezvoupfumi uye utariri;
• kudzivirira;
• ouinjiniya;
• dzidzo uye nevamwe.