Ancient Philosophy: Milestones uye Development

Wokutanga danho rinokosha munhoroondo matangiro uye kukura kwepfungwa kwouzivi ndiyo uzivi yekare. Madzitateguru ayo vaGiriki vekare uye vaRoma. Mune zvombo zviri nevafungi nguva "zvishandiso" zivo vaiva dzakatetepa dzokufungidzira kufungisisa uye akataura. Vazivi vekare vaiva vokutanga kuisa pachedu mibvunzo nokusingaperi hanya kuti munhu chii rinobva yose yakapoteredza, kuva uye asiri vachityisidzira yenyika, kubatana kupokana, rusununguko uye nokurovererwa, kuzvarwa uye rufu, murume zvichaguma, tsika basa, runako uye sublimity, uchenjeri, ushamwari, rudo, rufaro, chiremera. nyaya idzi dzichiri kushanda nhasi. The hwaro paumbwe uye kukura kwepfungwa kwouzivi ndiyo uzivi rekare achishumira Europe.

Nguva uzivi yekare

Chimbofunga, ndedzipi pfungwa matambudziko kugadzirisa uzivi yekare, ayo zvokukura kukura kuva sainzi.

Kukura uzivi hwechiGiriki uye Roman zvinogona conventionally delimit mana matanho anokosha.

Chokutanga, presocratian nguva inowira VII - V v. BC. Akauya mabasa kuMireto uye Eleatic zvikoro, Heraclitus veEfeso, Achibvuma pfungwa yaPythagoras uye vateveri vake, Democritus uye Levkipa. Achashanda mitemo yezvinhu zvakasikwa, runyararo kuvaka uye Cosmos. Kukosha pre-yaSocrates nguva, zvakaoma kuona, nokuti tanga uzivi yekare zvikuru kukura tsika, upenyu paruzhinji uye enyika bhora hweGirisi yekare.

A maitiro chinoratidza wechipiri, dzekare nguva (V -. IV Art BC) ndiro chitarisiko vaSophist. Vakatendeukira pazvinovaratidza matambudziko zvakasikwa uye pezvakasikwa kuti dambudziko kwevanhu, nheyo pfungwa uye vakabatsira kutanga kuti zvinotaurwa nevezvematongerwe sechinhu sainzi. Kuwedzera vaSophist, kumavambo uzivi yekare iyi chinomirirwa mazita Aristotle, Socrates, Plato, Protogora. Panguva iyoyo rwunotanga kuumba uye uzivi nevaRoma izvo inorondedzera zvitatu huru - Epicureanism, Stoicism uye kusava nechokwadi.

Munguva II nokuda IV remakore BC. e. Uzivi Ancient anoenda wechitatu, ellinestichesky, padanho kukura. Panguva ino, pane vokutanga hurongwa kwouzivi zvakadzika kwayo kugutsikana, uye zvikoro itsva pfungwa - vaEpikuro, zvedzidzo, uye dzimwe perepatetiki. Vamiririri Hellenistic nguva yezwi yetsika nyaya uye moralizing panguva apo ndero tsika kuderera. Mazita Epicurus, Theophrastus uye Carneades hunomiririrwa Danho iri kukura uzivi.

Kubva munguva yedu (I - VI remakore) uzivi yekare anopinda nguva yaro rokupedzisira kukura. Panguva ino, aitungamirira basa munyika yekare ndezvevanhu Rome, achifuridzirwa inova Greece. Paumbwe uzivi Roman zvikuru muchiGiriki, zvikurukuru ayo ellinestichesky danho. In muuzivi Rome akaumba zvitatu huru - Epicureanism, Stoicism uye kusava nechokwadi. Nguva iyi inozivikanwa nemabasa vazivi akadai Aristotle, Socrates, Protogor Plato.

Rechitatu kana kuti rechina remakore - nguva chidzoke uye kukura mirayiridzo itsva uzivi yekare - Neo-vanozviti ndivanachamangwiza waiva baba Plato. pfungwa dzake uye mafungiro dzinongoita kukanganiswa muuzivi chiKristu mangwanani uye muuzivi Ages.

Saka akasimuka uzivi yekare, zvokukura kukura iyo chamuita kuti dzimwe pfungwa dzinonakidza: pfungwa ndicho kubatana zvose zvakavapo uye zvinhu zviripo munyika, uye pfungwa husingagumi kukura.

Panguva iyoyo akaumba epistemological dzinoitwa - pfuma uye idealism. Demokrit, ari, chaizvoizvo, pfuma, akataura kuti atomu iduku PARTICIPLE chero fuma. pfungwa iyi yaiva mberi kwayo remakore uye chemakore. Plato, vachinamatira rondedzero dzokufungidzira dzinowanzoguma maonero, iye akasika dzidziso yokukakavadzniswa nomunhu zvinhu uye zvayo pfungwa.

Uzivi vekare mumwe kuzvimirira siyana evanhu kuziva. Achibatsirwa munhu RUBATSIRO RUNOTARISA maonero enyika yakaumbwa. Uzivi Ancient anotibvumira kuronda yose nzira pave yokungotaura pfungwa, azere kujairika uye vakashinga pfungwa. Vakawanda nyaya vakaedza kugadzirisa rekare rechiGiriki uye Roman pfungwa dzouzivi havana kurasa vaizviti yavo munguva yedu.