Cellular Engineering

Ose muviri mhenyu rinoumbwa masero kubva utachiona kuti yakakwirira mhuka. Yepamusoro zvinenge ine nhengo, nhengo ine nyama, munyama akaumbwa masero. Vose ehupfumi upi muviri takatsunga ne genome yayo, kuti ari muchitokisi (mu chero mumasero nhengo).

Maererano nedzimwe data, ari genome zvavo Nhunzi uye vanhu chete kumativi matatu. Hapana chinoshamisa ichi. Hwaro majini - deoxyribonucleic asidhi - DNA - anotakura ose mashoko pamusoro kuvakwa mapuroteni zvose, uye nemakemikari omuviri pamusoro muviri, apo mugove "chitarisiko", kukura uye kurema chiratidzazvizhinji kwemarudzi, sezviri pachena, anopiwa kwete kwazvo. Muchidimbu, Darwin zvamazvirokwazvo zvakarurama, uye-shanduka pane imwe nodal pfungwa Links achibhururuka uye murume. Uye chitendero ichi haambozvipikisi, sezvo anoramba chete chokwadi kwezvisikwa upenyu naMwari, asi asingaiti waidzora mabikirwo pachayo.

Gene uye Cell Engineering (uyu pfungwa) inotaura hukama pakati DNA mudziyo uye nenhaka zvivako zviri zvipenyu. Chokwadi, zviri vakabata nzira yakadaro, zviri kushandiswa, Somuenzaniso, panguva Mendel, uye haana kuda kurota.

Sero ouinjiniya nzira iri pachinhanho ichi kuti nyanzvi dziri zvimedu DNA kubva zvipenyu zvakasiyana uye akaiswa mumba DNA ane muviri yasarudzwa sezvo chinangwa pakudzidza. Nzira iyi ndiyo mutauro remasayendisiti uyo akaita zvekushandisa mashoko, anonzi kutaura recombinant DNA. Sezvo chishandiso chinobviswa okurambidzwa enzayemu - dzakananga kwemabhakitiriya makemikari anogona muchinamatira DNA. Dzinonzi sedimikira - chaivo mapanga.

Kuva majini (transgene) inounganidzwa kubva akati zvimedu, akapinza ndokuita morekuru reDNA, akadana Vector uye nokuiswa muruoko masero uko replicates (Anowanza) oga kana pashure tichibatanidza ne "chizvarwa" chromosome. Apa pane matambudziko kwazvo midziyo, nokuti zvinhu zvinokosha kupinda sero nemaziso nechisimba, asi pasina rusaruro kune kuvimbika kwayo. Nokuti ichi pane yakawanda akaoma chaizvo nzira nokuti dzinongoitika nzira kuti ichi hazvibviri. Chokwadi, hapana chakavanzika, chete-shanduka haina akapa chinhu, nekusiyana, ndakaisa boka nezvipingamupinyi mune zvakasikwa vakasarudzwa.

A chinangwa kuti anotakura foni ouinjiniya: pakuwana zvinodhaka, kubviswa yepamusoro mhando kurimwa zvinomera, pakusikwa dzinoita chitsva mhuka, uye sezvo yakakwirira - ndichipfeka kubvisa yebudiriro yedu zvirwere zvose. Avo vanoti (havadi kuvadaidza obscurantist) zvinofanira kuyeukwa kuti chimwe chete chakaita zvokugadzirwa jekiseni akatiponesa uye achaponesa mamiriyoni chirwere cheshuga uye kunowedzera hwavo kwemakumi emakore!

Nezvemhosva magene ouinjiniya zvinobva kuna pakuberekwa kwayo muna 1972, apo boka P. Berg (USA) synthesized yokutanga recombinant DNA kubva oncogenic utachiona SV40 uye E.coli tsoko. Last - ndiye E. coli, pasina izvo munhu haagoni kurarama. Uye akavaka hutachiwana hunokonzera kenza. Masayendisiti vari chaizvoizvo vanotya uye havana kunyange kuramba kushanda panguva iyoyo. Paiva yakareba tsvakurudzo yokuvira pasi wakaoma kudzora mamiriro, izvo akafanana kudzorwa basa iri zvombo zvenyukireya.

Sezvineiwo, kunzwisisa uye mutengo zvoutachiona Gene mabasa akafanana ari kunzwisisa uye mutengo mabhomba tsvakurudzo, uye naizvozvo haangagoni mari zvinogona magandanga.

Kutaura zvazviri, izvi ouinjiniya cellular - miviri unocheka munondo - kunogona kupa munhu makore akawanda kudaro upenyu zvaanoda iye, asi zvinogonawo vanomumirira Nokuparadzwa yakaipisisa nokuda zvipenyu zvose. Regai nharo, zvinopesana kunoratidzwa, uye "nyaya mutengo" anozivikanwa. Zvose zvinoenderana ane yakachena kana maoko tsvina chinhu cellular mapurani. Uye, nokuti vavariro zvikonzero, zvinogona kana kuramba kana kusundira mberi. Kukura sayenzi pasi mitemo yayo epamba.