Deoxyribonucleic acid. Model Crick uye Watson

mashoko okutanga pamusoro zvemakemikari ehupfumi ose deoxyribonucleic asidhi vari yomusi 1868 gore. Muzana remakore rechi20 kusvikira pakutanga forties, yakanga zvakaratidza kuti morekuru rimwe Linear polymer. Sezvo monomer zvidzidzo chiito nucleotides kuti rine nitrogenous nechigadziko, pentose uye phosphate boka (a shanu-kabhoni shuga).

Deoxyribonucleic asidhi angava nehwaro mhando mbiri: a pyrimidine (thymine (T) uye cytosine (C)) uye purine (adenine (A) uye guanine (G)). Mukomboni rinoitwa kushandisa nucleotide phosphodiester chisungo.

Zvipenyu Watson uye Crick muna 1953 gore, achitora sepokutangira X-ray Kuongororwa kuti DNA crystals vakagumisa kuti chizvarwa Morekuru rine peya ari polymer ngetani, pova akamonyoroka kaviri. Polynucleotide cheni ronda iri mumwe, dzinoitirwa pamwe achishandisa rehydrogen zvisungo kuti vanoumba pakati nopindirana (kungoreva runoenzanirana) nezvigadziko zviri akatarisana nengetani. Kana vaviri ichi kuumbwa chete sezvinotevera: adenine-thymine, guanine-cytosine. Kudzikamiswa rinoitwa zviviri rokutanga uye rechipiri maviri - zvitatu rehydrogen zvisungo.

Miviri-nezano deoxyribonucleic asidhi ane kureba dzaona sezvo nhamba yegwara kungoreva runoenzanirana nucleotides (BP). For mamorekuru avo, izvo ine mamiriyoni uye zviuru vakaroorana m.n.p. dzakabatana akatorwa uye KB, ukuwo. Saka, deoxyribonucleic chromosome asidhi kwevanhu inomirirwa imwe akamonyoroka kaviri. Its kureba 263 Mb mu

DNA denaturation (utsotso) inofanira hwokuti nguva dzose miviri akamonyoroka Linear Morekuru zvinoenda coils wehurumende. Pamusoro utsotso, kaviri-morekuru rakakamurwa yoga vematunhu. The tembiricha panguva iyo hafu deoxyribonucleic asidhi ikavhunduka, mumwe utsotso pfungwa. It kunobva chatingatevedzera samolecular sezvamunoita.

Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, G-C nomwe dziri kudzikamiswa vatatu, uye peya A-T - maviri rehydrogen zvisungo. Nokudaro, wakakwidzwa nhamba yokutanga mbiri, iyo itsige achava Morekuru. Kana denaturation ane wavelength ane 260 nm kunowedzera Absorção de Água wechiedza. Izvi hyperchromic zvazviri zvinoita kupa kudzora samolecular mamiriro dzisiri mamiriro. Kana mhinduro iri zvishoma nezvishoma dzaserera asidhi yakanyungudutswa pakati nopindirana tambo kusimba Links zvinogona kuumbwa zvakare, angava zononoka chimiro ndiye akafanana kuti chizvarwa (original). Mano Uku DNA kuti denaturation uye renaturation mamorekuru kunobva hybridization nzira. Rinoshandiswa kudzidza maumbirwo pamusoro nucleic acids.

Double-akamonyoroka Morekuru, ari mutakuri kuvabereki data, anofanira zvinodiwa zvikuru zviviri. Chekutanga, zvinofanira kudzokororwa (kuburitswa) dzakakwirira zvakarurama, uye chepiri kuti encode kubatana kwetunhu mapuroteni mamorekuru. Deoxyribonucleic acid, iyo muenzaniso akarondedzerwa Watson uye Crick, unoenderana zvakazara izvi zvinodiwa. Unowanikwa kuti maererano nheyo complementarity, mumwe cheni ari Morekuru zvinogona chizvaro kuti paumbwe itsva wezvikamu runoenzanirana redunhu. Somugumisiro, mumwe padanho kuberekana Saka kunoitika pair they mwanasikana mamorekuru kuva nucleotide kutevedzana akafanana neaiva pakutanga morekuru reDNA. Uyezve, ichi cheni STRUCTURAL Gene ari encoded mapuroteni amino iine acid kutevedzana anogadza.

Sezvo, sezvo yave pachena DNA yokutanga uye complementarity musimboti, yakasimbiswa pezvakaitwa kuti vane basa nhaka decoding Data uye mutemo Gene usage zvinhu. Uyezve, dzidziso yakazokudziridzwa uye recombinant mamorekuru.