Chii Arifa kuora

Nhasi tichataura pamusoro chii Arifa kuora uye sei anogona kutsanangurwa nemashoko ari chekare uye dzimwe dzidziso. Kuvapo zvinhu nyika chete nokuonga zvinogoneka kune ndechokuti maumbirwo chiri chero fuma, ive kutsiga yakakwana. Masimba kuti vanosunga zvacho zviri maatomu, ndivo hwaro kuunza ariko zvose zvakasikwa. Current yokutevedzera mabhomba enyukireya inobvumira kwete chete kuzoumba mitemo, asi kutsanangura vazhinji vaichengeta mananara ose microworld. Senzira yemapuraneti muenzaniso nepakati rimwe atomu ndiyo musimboti, izvo zvinosanganisira protons uye neutrons zvienzane mugove. Ratio pamusoro protons, neutrons uye maerekitironi achimiririrwa 1: 1: 1. Izvi pakutanga kuaona sokuti hakungagoni chokwadi ukama uyu migumisiro mitemo kiyi kusikwa: yemagetsi mutariri ane Erekitironi akaenzana -1, Purotoni 1 uye neutrons, ari pamwe maviri maduku oppositely mhosva zvinoriumba, zvinonakisa electrically kwazvakarerekera (sezvineiwo , saka zita).

Nokuda Coulomb masimba protons ari musimboti dzinga mumwe, asi counterbalancing kudyidzana simba wakabata zvacho pamwe chete. Chii Arifa kuora? The mashandiro pamusoro parinowanika iri nyore chaizvo: Kana protons vanotama kubva mumwe, simba kunova hombe elektroottalkivaniya simba kusakarongeka inotungamirira kuti paumbwe vakareruka nuclei nezvimedu. Zvikonzero kwokutanga distancing siyana - kunogona zvose Kufurirwa nevamwe uye maitiro mamiriro yenyukireya (entropy chinhu).

Kuparara kwenyika

Kusvikira 1896 zvakanzi vaidavira kuti maatomu vari indivisible, uye mamiriro mumwe hunhu chero chipi zvacho fuma. Asi Becquerel (dzimwe nguva akataura Rutherford), yaidzidza uranium exchange munyu, vawana Chiitiko pakati radioactivity pane kukandira mubvunzo pamusoro vazhinji zvinodavirwa muchitendero maatomu dzidziso iyoyo. Alpha kuora ndiye anobuda chokwadi mhosva nezvimedu - nuclei kuti nehelium-4. It rinozivikanwa kuti izvi kunoratidzwa zvikurukuru nokuda nuclei inorema zvinhu. Mumwe hunhu Arifa PARTICIPLE ndiko zvakwakanakira mutariri kaviri. Izvi imhaka ndechokuti nemamiriro maerekitironi vaviri vari kurasikirwa. Mhosva zvachose kana ichi chinowanikwa kuti maviri. Alpha kuora akadzidza Rutherford. Zvinonzi akatsidza kuti yakadaro PARTICIPLE mamiriro (2 + 2 hwepurotoni Nyuturoni) akatsiga zvikuru uye, hunonzi, vakawanda vamwe nuclei aizofanira aputse nezvimedu uye nuclei kuti kupenya zvinhu zvakadaro. Zvisinei, izvi hazviitiki. Rutherford akataura kuti kuchinja chero zvenyukireya kunobvira chete kana anopinda mariri nehelium maatomu (Alpha nezvimedu) kana mukuru-simba maerekitironi (Beta nezvimedu). Naizvozvo, zvakanga yasimbiswa asi zvakatora makore gumi kutsvakurudza uye okusuma pfungwa itsva mumunda quantum hurongwa - nomumugero Junction.

KUKUNDA ematongerwo

Sezvinoratidzwa apa, kugadzikana mamiriro - Alpha PARTICIPLE. Akamurairawo zviri kubva 2 kusvika 10 BSN. Kuti vakwanise kuti kupinda mujinga atomu, unofanira kukunda mauto zvemagetsi kuvenga (kubva protons varipo vari musimboti uye PARTICIPLE). Ndiyo chete chipingamupinyi pashure ndima izvo vatotanga zvipararire intranuclear simba regiravhiti. microworld mitemo yakasiyana dzedu dzose, saka dzimwe nguva kuenda rusvingo, hazvina zvakakodzera kuiparadza. Nomumugero mhesano anogona kukunda chipingamupinyi. The maduku musiyano simba pamusoro PARTICIPLE uye mari ndima, dzakanga mukana kuti vakunde chinosemesa. Nokuti nuclei vakawanda mukana mumwe mugero mhesano iri diki zvokuti vanogona kunzi akatsiga idzodzo. Vamwe, pasi zvimwe zvinhu, kubvumira kupinda ari panze (uye mukati water drainage) yeAlpha inoramba.