Pastern pfupa: marongerwo uye mashandiro

Ndezvipi pastern pfupa? Ndezvipi mabasa ravanoita? Mhinduro dzemibvunzo iyi nemimwe mibvunzo inogona kuwanikwa munyaya. Brush ari distal chikamu ruoko, kuti marangwanda izvo ine mapfupa metacarpal, minwe (phalanges) uye chiningoningo.

mamiriro

Ndeipi pastern pfupa? On mubvunzo uyu isu achapindura mberi, asi zvino kuona chimiro zvemaoko. In ayo mamiriro pane sere pfupi mapfupa chirambe chakapfava akaisa Mitsetse miviri, ina nechimwe:

• kumusoro: the-unocheka matatu, navicular, semilunar, pisiform;
• Lower: capitatum, trapezium, chiredzo serin'i, trapezoid mapfupa.

Rezasi magumo pamusoro nharaunda uye ulna vanoomerera mapfupa carpal kuumba chiningoningo pamwe kunzwisisa, izvo zvinogona kuita majana ose matatu namasanhu. Mapfupa repasi mutsetse dzakabatana pamusoro mapfupa kumusoro, pasi - kune zvipfundo zvomunwe metacarpus, uye kune mumwe, pova malopovorotlivye majoini.

Inotevera mutsetse mapfupa achiumba pastern mafupa. Kune chete mashanu, nhamba minwe. Kwavaiwanzogara zvakabatana kuti chiningoningo mafupa. Uyewo mapfupa metacarpal, phalanges vari pfupi mapfupa tubular. munwe mumwe ane phalanges matatu: proximal (chawo), avhareji uye distal magumo kana (ezvipikiri). Chete napagumwe roruoko chiri kunze, sezvo inoumbwa phalanges maviri - chipikiri uye zvinokosha. Pakati phalanges mumwe nomunwe uye metacarpal pfupa zvakaumbwa chinjwa rwakashodoka.

pastern pfupa

How mapfupa vakawanda chikamu metacarpal? Inoitwa shanu metacarpal mapfupa cortical. Pacharo chinhu elongated metacarpal pfupa wechipiri, uye pfupi - metacarpal bvupa napagumwe roruoko (pakutanga), iyo inozivikanwa nokuva kwayo massiveness.

Vamwe zvipfundo zvomunwe kurutivi pamuganhu ulnar muruoko kuderera pakureba. Mumwe metacarpal musoro ipapo, nechigadziko uye muviri. zvigadziko zvawo nekutaura namafupa carpal. Articular pamusoro pezvingoro uye wechishanu metacarpals anotanga Chigaro chimiro. Mamwe articular pamusoro yakati sandara. In metacarpals vane musoro, izvo zvakasiyana hemispherical articular nomumativi kunofambidzana kune proximal nomunwe mapfupa.

mashoko

Saka, tinofanira kuramba tichidzidza zvimwe pastern. Vangani mapfupa ine? We munotoziva kuti mapfupa shanu metacarpal vanoumba pastern. By mhando vanopinda pfupi mapfupa tubular pamwe chete epiphysis chaiyo (monoepifizarnye mapfupa). Ivo makatumidzwa hurongwa - I, II, III, nezvimwewo, kubvira pakutanga chigunwe.

Panguva proximal kumigumo chawo II-V mapfupa articular vane sandara zvabatanidzwa izvo vashumire riine wechipiri mutsetse chiningoningo mapfupa, uye avo vari vakaronga kurutivi rumwe norumwe - nokuti kubatana pakati pachavo. I knuckled hwaro pastern ane articular Chigaro chimiro uye trapezoidal prichlenyaetsya mapfupa carpal, sezvo pasina divi kunobatanidza pano.

Base II pastern pfupa anoumba munhu pataimbozorora muchimiro yorusvingo kufukidza carpal pfupa. Based V metacarpal goona, panguva yayo divi ulnar, ane ano. Pamisoro mapfupa metacarpal vane articular convex hukawanika zvakakodzera kuti mhesano pamwechete namafupa proximal pakati minwe. On panhivi rusesi roughened misoro zvinoonekwa - nzvimbo shwashwa kuda.

tubular pfupa

Zvinozivikanwa kuti muduku mapfupa tubular inosanganisira mapfupa uye metacarpal phalanges uye metatarsals. Kwenguva refu mapfupa tubular ndezvaJehovha femur, fibula uye tibia, uyewo kugokora, pamafudzi uye nemwaranzi. Oblong gumbo mapfupa vanoumba inenge hafu kukura kwevanhu.

Ndezvipi mapfupa refu? Izvi pfupa trihedral kana cylindrical chimiro ane upamhi isingasviki kureba. Vava kumigumo epiphyses, vakafuka hyaline articular shwashwa, uye kukura kunonyanya kukonzerwa kuwedzera muviri pakureba (diaphysis). Pakati diaphysis uye metaphysis epiphyses mukavaisa pauduku uye kuyaruka dzine epiphyseal shwashwa ndiro.

mamiriro

Saka, imi munotoriziva zvakadini pfupa romunhu (metacarpal) zvinobatanidzwa kufamba minwe. Uye chii sechivako tubular pfupa? Kunze izvozvo akazadza periosteum - paiva connective tishu. Bone epiphysis aimiririrwa kunyanya cancellous pfupa ine mwongo mutsvuku, diaphysis - chiine mapfupa fuma. Pakati pane diaphyseal medullary canal, ruzere akura mwongo iri tsvuku. fuma ino ine mafuta masero.

bhuracha

mapfupa Metacarpal uye phalanges noruoko marangwanda. Ndezvipi mapfupa minwe? Ava diki, akaisa rimwe pashure mumwe chete chaiye mapfupa epiphysis (pfupa mnoepifizarnye). Ndivo vakadanwa phalanges. munwe mumwe ane phalanges matatu: paavhareji, distal uye proximal. Napagumwe roruoko anosiiwa, sezvo ane mbiri chete phalanges - distal uye proximal. In mhuka dzose, hazvina underdeveloped uye kunosvika Pamuganhu kukura chete muvanhu.

Hwaro proximal articular pfupa unobereka imwe buri, izvo zvinodiwa kubatanidza ane idenderedzwa musoro. At Nezvigadziko distal uye pakati phalanges ane mbiri sandara pakadzika, akaparadzaniswa scallop. Vari chokuita vakuru svikiro uye proximal phalanges, izvo vanokurira muchimiro chidhina ine negomba pakati.

Kupera flattened phalanges uye roughness. Munzvimbo yacho interphalangeal uye metacarpophalangeal pezvisungo zvenguvo ruoko, uko nemarunda vari zvakabatanidzwa, muri mafupa sesamoid. Vari kuramba ari wokutanga nomunwe uye variability panorumwe.

Ball pezvisungo zvenguvo ruoko

Pane brushes metacarpophalangeal majoini, izvo inoumbwa Nezvigadziko proximal phalanges uye mapfupa metacarpal misoro. majoini ose aya vane zvitatu kungoreva perpendicular nematemo kutenderera, pakavakirwa pane kure uye adduction, circumduction (nemakwara), kugadzirisa uye vachikotama, uye kunyange vane idenderedzwa chimiro. Extension uye flexion zvinogoneka pa 9-100 °, adduction uye kutapa - pa 45-50 °.

Rubatso nemarunda kusimbisa metacarpophalangeal mapfundo akaisa nedivi pavo. Muchanza iri capsules pakati mapfundo vane mamwe shwashwa, akadana emichindwe. fibers aya dzakarukwa transverse fibers yakadzika metacarpal shwashwa iyo kuchititadzisa siyana metacarpal misoro zvipfundo zvomunwe voga.

sandara majoini

Munhu wose anofanira kuziva zvakadini pfupa ndiyo chikamu pastern. Uye chii chinoumba carpometacarpal pezvisungo zvenguvo ruoko? nekunyatsotsanangura uyu distal mapfupa carpal mutsetse pamwe metacarpal nezvigadziko. majoini ava vakaneta uye une sandara chimiro, kubvisa mashoko carpometacarpal vadyi yacho thumbs. Kuwanda nemafambiro kwavari hazvirevi kupfuudza 5-10 °. Lability mu majoini izvi, uyewo pakati mapfupa carpal iri mupasi dzakabudirira zvakakwana nemarunda.

Mwanda akaisa pamusoro pemvura muchanza ruoko rwako, kuti simba Palms shwashwa midziyo. Iye kwakunoitwa mafupa carpal nomumwe, uyewo kuti metacarpal mapfupa. Capitatum ari shwashwa midziyo yakakosha. It wanamatira payo dzakawanda nemarunda.

Rwemberi mumakwenzi mwanda dzakabudirira kurukutika zvikuru kupfuura muchanza. Vari pamwe nemumwe uye pamaoko akaumbwa gobvu Kamudzira kuti kufukidza majoini pakati mapfupa aya akaiswa. The mutsetse wechipiri mapfupa carpal, kuwedzera emichindwe musana, zvakabatanidzwa sezvo interosseous shwashwa.

Bone distal chiningoningo mitsetse mana (II-V) malomanevrenny pastern mapfupa pachinhu mumwe uye zvakasimba zvakabatana kuva musimboti chikwata vanoumba huru mapfupa mapfupa core. Panyaya iyi, vari anozivikanwa sezvo hwakasimba bhurasho chawo.

Polygonal pfupa uye mujinga wokutanga metacarpal mapfupa anoumba carpometacarpal vadyi ari mumakwenzi ane munwe rokutanga. Vagari hukawanika vari Chigaro chimiro. The vagari angava inofamba kwakadaro: kutapa uye adduction, zvinopesana neizvi kufamba (repositioning) uye kushorwa (kushorwa) uye circumduction (nemakwara).

Napagumwe roruoko inoshora vamwe minwe yose, saka bhuku rwakabata fambisa maoko yekudyidzana kwakawedzera. Motility parameters ari carpometacarpal vadyi pamusoro thumbs kunobvumirwa 45-60 ° kutapa uye pamusoro actuation uye 35-40 ° panguva yokudzoka kufamba uye musiyano.