The marangwanda rwomunhu: chacho. Human marangwanda ruoko

The marangwanda rwomunhu unogona kukamurwa 4 zvikamu. Yokumusoro mapazi ndiyo yokumusoro richiripo. Izvi zvinosanganisira scapula uye clavicle. Next anouya chaiwoiwo anatomical pamafudzi, t. E. The chikamu humerus. Chinotevera ichaongororwa ari honokono, raiumbwa ulna uye nharaunda. Last - mapfupa chikofu. The marangwanda noruoko rworuboshwe ari girazi mufananidzo rwerudyi marangwanda.

Overview misoro

Funga ruoko marangwanda nerimwe chikamu. Clavicle uye scapula tiri interconnected, uye avo yokumusoro ruoko rinobatanidza bhora rwakashodoka. Asi kwete bedzi humerus anobatana navo. Vanoshanda sezvo kuda pfungwa kuti tsandanyama kuti vane basa kwebasa ruoko.

Next anouya zvakananga humerus. Kwairi wanamatira mhiri kugokora nharaunda uye ulna. Recent chinjwa hama kune mumwe. At nzvimbo ruoko apo pomuchindwe akatarisa nechomukati, noku pfupa, asi zvinokosha kuti utambanudzire ruoko mberi sezvo dzinofamba uye piringisha.

The marangwanda pakati muruoko mamiriro ndiyo yakaoma. Inoitwa 27 mafupa. zvinhu izvi zviri mberi rakakamurwa akawanda mapoka: zvemaoko, uye phalanges pastern, unobva kubudikidza interphalangeal majoini. Ndicho kunzwisisa gadziriro uye anobvumira ruoko kuti sezvo ichiita mabasa akawanda uye unyanzvi. Unogona kurishandisa kuita basa rokubvisa pamwe zvemaziso amabasa, asi Kunobatsirawo kuti aite yakanaka chaiwo kufamba.

The hwakadzama nemamiriro papfudzi bhanhire

Marangwanda ruoko mu pamafudzi bhanhire raimiririra scapula uye clavicle. Ndiyo nzvimbo nzvimbo dzavo uye rinobatanidza humerus uye bandauko anonzi kumba. Zvisinei, zviri anatomically pamafudzi humerus, uye akati zvinhu vanoumba repamusoro bhandi kumugumo. Asi, kukurukura marangwanda rwomunhu, chidziro inofanira kuverengwa pavanoparidza pamafudzi bhanhire, yekudyidzana kukanganisa functionality.

bipito

Foshoro - sandara pfupa kubva musana. It ane mativi chimiro pamwe rokumusoro, lateral uye medial micheto ezasi, repamusoro uye lateral kumicheto. Inoshandiswawo ane thickened lateral pakona rimwe articular mhango, uye pane vadyi pamwe scapula musoro rakamiswa ari chikamu chinotevera humerus. Just pamusoro zvimwiro yaiva pamutsipa chipande, rinotarira sezvinoita kujekesa nzvimbo. Glenoid mhango wakakomberedzwa nevanhu hillocks - subarticular uye epiarticular.

Chipande pacharwo dzinoverengeka concave pamusoro - podlopatnuyu mugomba - mu nerumbabvu nharaunda kubva thorax. Asi seri pamusoro ane musana kuti vanomhanya pamwe chipande kubva yomukati pamupendero kuchivanze pakona. On mativi ose musana oga supraspinatus uye infraspinatus fossa, apo tsandanyama vari dzakabatanidzwa pamwe mazita chete. Izvi zvakabuda outwards mu awn iri pamusoro pamafudzi pamwe fudzi manda inonzi acromion. Chimwe chipande iri vakagadzirira pamwe coracoid, rakatarira mberi uye achishumira kungonzwa kuti nemarunda uye tsandanyama.

bondo

Clavicle pfupa riri tubular, curved S-zvakaumbwa. Ane chinjikira chinzvimbo, riri pamusoro nechemberi pechipfuva pedyo mutsipa. Sternum medial magumo wanamatira kusvika sternum, uye lateral acromion chokuita scapula. Also Mount zvinoberekwa tsandanyama nemarunda, iyo inosvitsa pamberi roughness pasi penyika, kureva mutsetse uye tubercle.

Sechivako pamafudzi

Over pamafudzi bhandi anoenda zvakananga marangwanda choruoko kwevanhu. Bandauko achiumbwa ne humerus. Ichi tubular mapfupa, vakagumisa mu muchinjikwa chikamu ane repamusoro divi uye mativi pedyo pasi. The pamusoro magumo korona musoro muchimiro hemisphere, rakatarisana kurutivi reza. Mumusoro ikoko articular penyika. Just pazasi ndiyo anatomic pamutsipa mapfupa maviri tubercles kuti tsandanyama kuda. Kunze rakatarira chikuru tuberosity uye Anterior riri duku. Mumwe muhomba rovira, asi pakati pake tubercles vane paburi kuti ndima mudzira. The narrowest nzvimbo pfupa wakanzi kuvhiya mutsipa.

The muviri unonzi mapfupa diaphysis. Deltoid tuberosity pamusoro rayo pamusoro yakagadzirirwa kuda ari deltoid tsandanyama. A rwemberi penyika iri yakashongedzwa ine muforo pamusoro TOUR etsinga unomhanya zvishoma zononoka.

The distal kuguma rezasi epiphysis pakati mafupa. Pane aumbwa condyle uye articular pamusoro, apo mapfupa zvakabatana chinotevera. humerus misa - medial chikamu muhudyu unobatanidza kuti ulna. The lateral Chikamu idenderedzwa chimiro - musoro condyle - rinobatanidza kuti nharaunda. On the chinogumbura makomba maviri anopiwa, apo vanobva pezvakaitwa ari ulna panguva fambisa maoko, dzinonzi in coronal makomba uye olecranon. Uyewo pedyo distal magumo pane epicondyles (lateral uye medial), izvo kuda nemarunda uye tsandanyama.

Sechivako kugokora uye honokono

The honokono ndiwo mugove mutezo kubva kugokora kusvika chiningoningo. Muupenyu hwezuva nezuva, chikamu ichi unowanzonzi kugokora, kusanganisira kushandiswa chiyereso. Kugokora vadyi kuchibva ulna uye nharaunda yacho honokono uye humerus pacharo. Marangwanda maoko dhipatimendi akapa ulna uye nharaunda. Vari zvakabatana ne chinjwa: Ray aiva nomukana tenderera kumativi kugokora neruoko kufamba. With mumakwenzi ichi inogona zvayaitenderera paguyo kusvika 180º.

ulna

Ulna trehgranna fomu. Thickened yokumusoro magumo, izvozvo anopiwa ane pamberi trochlear notch kuti nekutaura pamwe humerus. The lateral pamucheto danda inoguma tenderloin, izvo zvinodiwa kubatanidza kuti musoro rechipiri ruoko mapfupa - danda. On mativi ose trochlear notch kuenda coronary Anterior kwacho uye posterior ulna. Under pamberi manda ane tuberosity nokuti vakaiisa pamafudzi netsandanyama. Panguva distal yepazasi kuguma pfupa iyi musoro. Articular pamusoro anoshandira nekunyatsotsanangura pamwe nharaunda yacho TOUR rutivi rwacho. Uyewo musoro ulna styloid muitiro inopiwa ne rwemberi mucheto.

nharaunda

Nharaunda akagamuchira thickening pajinga pakuguma, kwete pamusoro, sapamazuva kugokora. Pamusoro pana musoro nharaunda, izvo zvinoita kuti kubatanidza pamapfudzi. Yokumusoro pose musoro une buri riri zvakakodzera kuti mhesano rakamiswa panguva humerus musoro condyle. Articular sekamufarenzi pamwe kumucheto musoro achibvumira kubatanidza kuti ulna. The musoro watetepeswa, kupinda pamitsipa nharaunda. On yomukati divi mutsipa chete pazasi tuberosity anobvumira kusimbisa biceps tsandanyama roruoko rwake pamusoro mudzira.

Rezasi kuguma pfupa inopiwa ne carpal articular pemvura unobva dhipatimendi ane bhurasho. Panewo styloid kwacho, rakatarira outwards, uye mukati kugokora unotemwa, zvakagadzirirwa kuti pamwe nhengo musoro ulna. Uyewo ruoko marangwanda panguva ino ine shoma interosseous nzvimbo akanyudzwa pakati unopinza micheto ari honokono mapfupa.

ruoko

Human marangwanda ruoko yakakamurwa zvemaoko, pasterns nezvigunwe pachavo. Dhipatimendi Mumwe rinoumbwa vanoverengeka pfupa vadyi mufambo. mamiriro Izvi zvinobvumira kuti aite-siyana nezviito maoko, deftly uye nokukurumidza kushanda kunyange zvidiki.

chiningoningo

The marangwanda ruoko kunotanga chiningoningo. Riri mapfupa sere chete, mupfupi uye vasingapindiwo chimiro. Ichi chirambe chakapfava pfupa. Ivo akarongwa misara miviri. Pano govera pisiform, mativi, lunate uye scaphoid mapfupa mumwe musara uye wechipiri chiredzo-kumusoro, capitatum, trapezoid uye polygonal. Mutsara wokutanga ndiye proximal articular pamusoro nokuda nekunyatsotsanangura pamwe achida nharaunda. Napamusara wechipiri - distal vadyi machira rokutanga mugari chimiro.

Iri ndege siyana, chiningoningo mapfupa vanoumba anonzi muforo chiningoningo muchanza uye ari seri akacherekedza convexity. Kubva muforo ari chiningoningo nemarunda vane basa basa flexor netsandanyama.

metacarpus

Metacarpus akaumba mapfupa shanu metacarpal. mapfupa ichi tubular, zvinosanganisira muviri, ane nechigadziko uye musoro. Human marangwanda ruoko inozivikanwa nebope guru pakati napagumwe roruoko uye navamwe yakanakisisa kukura, izvo yekudyidzana zvinowedzera mukana rimwe gumbo rayo. Napagumwe roruoko rakapfupika, asi zvikuru hombe pfupa. Dhaiza date nezvigadziko zviri chokuita zvemaoko mafupa. Articular pemvura apo nokuda dzokunze minwe vane Chigaro chimiro, uye vamwe dzinomirira articular penyika sandarara mhando. Bits hemispherical articular penyika metacarpal mapfupa kubatanidza phalanges.

minwe

Finger mapfupa akaumbwa zviviri kana zvitatu phalanges: maviri akaita wokutanga, uye vamwe - zvitatu. phalanges urefu shoma kuwedzera kure kubva pastern. Mumwe phalanx ine zvikamu zvitatu: muviri une chawo uye musoro inoguma. Phalanx kuguma articular hukawanika panguva mativi, nokuda kudiwa mapfupa articular mimwe yeimwe.

Pakati proximal phalanx uye metacarpal bvupa zvikuru (pakutanga) munwe pane mapfupa sesamoid, nemarunda zvakavanzika. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti dzimwe nguva munhu wacho chivako ruoko: bhurasho marangwanda anogona kuwedzerwa nemamwe zvinhu. mapfupa Sesamoid angavawo panzvimbo pa minwe wechipiri uye wechishanu. zvinhu izvi (uyewo pfupa pezvakaitwa) zvakabatanidzwa netsandanyama.