Higher tungsten oxide

Tungsten oxide ichaongororwa chimwe chezvinhu refractory iri boka inorganic zvinhu. Kuitira kupa zvechadenga simbi, kuongorora kunaka simbi pachayo.

tungsten Features

Kuti unzwisise inoshanda kukosha tungsten oxide, cherechedza kuti simbi pachayo ane zvemagetsi nemishonga, coefficient pamusoro Linear kuwedzera, mukuru utsotso pfungwa.

A yakaisvonaka tungsten mukuru ductility. The simbi ichiputswa ari asidhi chete kana neshungu kuti tembiricha ^kuti 5000 C. It zvaanoita pamwe kabhoni, pova sezvo maitiro chibereko tungsten carbide. Pamusana remubatanidzwa aine simba.

The inonyanya tungsten oxide - tungsten trioxide. The chikuru anobatsirwei mano remubatanidzwa rokudzorera upfu simbi Anoumba sezvinoita-zvibereko ezasi oxides.

Metal ane refu arambe achirema, friability uye kugona yakaderera tembiricha kuumbika tungsten oxide.

tungsten alloys

Masayendisiti voga voga-danho mhando alloys, iro rinoumbwa mumwe kana kupfuura zvinhu. Chinonyanya yaizivikanwa remubatanidzwa wenyika tungsten uye molybdenum. Chiwanikwa Alloying chaikosha molybdenum tungsten kunowedzera tensile simba.

Single-danho alloys vanoonekwa kuti yeimwe: tungsten - zirconium, tungsten -gafny, tungsten - niobium. Kunonyanyisa ductility tungsten rhenium zvakabatanidzwa. Chakawedzera haina chokuita mabasa ari refractory simbi.

Preparation nesimbi

Kwakajairika nzira haagoni kugamuchira tungsten refractory alloys: kusvika utsotso pfungwa simbi pakarepo achipinda munhu gaseous chimiro. The chinangwa chikuru ndiko kugadzirira yakaisvonaka simbi electrolysis. In muindasitiri akamboona kuwana tungsten chiwanikwa upfu simbi kushandiswa. Kuti aite izvi, kuumba chaiyo kubudiswa mamiriro vachishandisa Vacuum.

Kuva zvakasikwa

Tungsten oxide, Nhamo ₃ ane nzira anonzi chemhando akakura. Iye hariwanikwi zvakasikwa zvayo yakachena chimiro, asi ari chikamu tungsten ores. Pfungwa dzokubudisa uye kubudiswa refractory simbi kunosanganisira matanho akawanda.

Higher oxide pamusoro tungsten iri akatorazve kubva mhangura vakawanda. Humwe vapfume of mukomboni rinoitwa, uye pashure kurapwa pamwe kure yakaisvonaka simbi.

In kugadzira muitiro nhete tungsten waya vakatarira kuti kubvisa zvachose netsvina. Zvikasadaro, ivo hwokugadzira zvechadenga rapera chigadzirwa chichaitwa yekudyidzana ipfupi.

Nzvimbo kushandiswa tungsten

How kuwanazve tungsten oxide? Rehydrogen, iyo interacts pamwe mukomboni, kunobatsira kuti wakachena simbi. It chinodiwa anogadzira zvinhu filament tambo, nokusika X-ray sepombi, nechidzitiro Heaters uye Vacuum yamavira izvo prednaznachngy kushandisa panguva pamatunhu tembiricha.

Steel, sezvamakaropafadzwa alloying chinhu chiri tungsten, dzinoratidzwa yakakwirira nesimba ehupfumi. Products dzakagadzirwa chiwanikwa kwakadaro rinoshandiswa zvaAtemisi zvokurapa zvishandiso, achicheka inoisa kuti matsime kuchera. The chikuru mukana mukomboni anoonekwa husingakwanisi zvokuimba deformation.

The ndingangokuvara panowanikwa mukushanda Finished chigadzirwa makatsemuka uye Chips rakanyatsojeka yakaderera. The inonyanya kufarirwa muchiso kuti simbi, iyo tungsten kunobatanidzwa, riri kuonekwa kuti kuhwina.

Kubva ichi isingawanzowanikwi simbi chinyorwa ikabereka yepamusoro catalysts, siyana pendi, inokosha pigments uye m. N. In indasitiri ano yenyukireya rinoshandiswa zvikuru tungsten crucibles uye midziyo kuti mwaranzi inoraswa.

anotamba refractoriness simbi basa rinokosha chinhu chakakombama nomoto. Sezvo tungsten wakachena chimiro anoonekwa isingawanzowanikwi simbi, yayo pakugadzirira nzira rinoitwa vapfume uye kierrätys ari tungsten mhangura. In yakaisvonaka chimiro ine chiedza pfumbu ruvara ane maitiro esimbi kubwinya. Standard tungsten alloys, kunzi stellite, uyewo vanoumba cobalt uye chromium. Huru pakuderedza mu yeimwe akadaro anoshanda cobalt. Alloys dziri kudiwa mune zvokuimba mapurani.

tungsten oxides

Chii ane kunyanya tungsten oxide (6), kuti nzira iyo ane chimiro Wo _3? Metal anogona kuratidza siyana oxidation inoti: kunonyanyisa pakusimba muri dzakasiyana pamwe Valence simbi (4) uye (6). Wo wokutanga kubatana mhando ₂ chokuita acidic oxides uye ane zvinotevera unhu: yakakwirira utsotso pfungwa uye imwe arambe achirema. Uyu mushonga remubatanidzwa iri rinenge insoluble nemvura asi kana neshungu anogona zvazvichanyungudutswa acids uye alkalis. In kwemakemikari indasitiri rinoshandiswa sezvo anowedzera mamwe zvavaifunga. Somuenzaniso, dambudziko vabve vanzwa ₂ chinoshandiswa zvaAtemisi zvedongo zvigadzirwa.

Tungsten oxide kuva Valence pamusoro (6) Uyewo akava anozivikanwa acidic ehupfumi. remubatanidzwa iri vakaita pamwe alkalis, asi kwete vanokwanisa Kuparadzwa mumvura. Kwakapiwa kuti mukuru utsotso pfungwa remubatanidzwa rinoshandiswa chete sechinhu pezvakaitwa akisarareta namakemikari.

mhedziso

Nokufamba inorganic kemisitiri rinonyanya pakudzidza oxides, ari kuongorora zvivako zvavo uye unhu primeneniyav indasitiri. Somuenzaniso, wokupedzisira kuongororwa repfumbamwe graders basa kunotevera: "vanonyora oxides Formula mhangura, simbi uye tungsten, uye kuona kwavo inokosha namakemikari ehupfumi."

Kuti abudirire kukunda basa, unofanira kuva nepfungwa zvaidiwa oxides. Vaiona binary yeimwe avo, umo chinhu wechipiri oxygen. oxides All kuti patsanura mumapoka matatu: zvinokosha, acidic, amphoteric.

Simbi nemhangura ndizvo zvinhu boka sanduko, saka anogona kunge shanduka Valencia. Nokuti mhangura unogona kunyorwa maviri chete nzira oxides nedzokunze zvinhu ehupfumi - Cũ ₂ O uye CuO.

Iron hakusi huru Sub-boka zvine maatomu akafanana, saka pane oxidation wehurumende +2 uye +3. Muzviitiko izvi, zvinotevera mhando oxides vari kuumbwa - FeO uye Fe ₂ O _3.

Tungsten mu binary yeimwe pamwe okisijeni iri kazhinji anoratidza Valence (4) uye (6). Zvose simbi oxide kuratidza acidic ehupfumi, saka vari kushandiswa indasitiri sezvo accelerators namakemikari pezvakaitwa.

Chinangwa chikuru tungsten oxides ndiyo voga izvi yakaisvonaka simbi iri kudiwa muna zvemakemikari uye metallurgia maindasitiri.