Erythrocyte: mamiriro, chimiro uye ushande. Nemamiriro evanhu masero matsvuku eropa

Erythrocytes inonzi hemocyte, vaikwanisa Chizenga yakafanira kuendesa okisijeni kuti munyama uye carbon dioxide gasi - kusvikira mumapapu. Iri nyore muchitokisi chimiro, kuva zvikuru upenyu mhuka uye dzimwe mhuka. A matsvuku eropa ndiyo zhinji musero mhando muviri: pamusoro kota masero ose muviri - ndiro masero matsvuku eropa.

General regularities okurarama erythrocyte

A matsvuku eropa - sero kwakaitika kubva tsvuku utachiona hematopoiesis. Zuva Masero aya anogadzirwa vanenge mamiriyoni 2,4, vanopinda muropa uye kutanga kuita mabasa avo. Panguva kuedza, zvikaonekwa kuti munhu mukuru masero matsvuku eropa, ane mamiriro ari yekudyidzana nyore zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe masero mumuviri, kurarama mazuva 100-120.

vertebrates All (isingawanzopotswi kunze) kubva kufema okisijeni kusvika munyama iri kutakurwa erythrocyte hemoglobin. Kune kunze: zvose nhengo mhuri "chena-ropa rechiJudha chairo" hove ikoko pasina Chizenga, kunyange zvazvo ivo vanogona synthesize nayo. Sezvo tembiricha kuti zvakavapoteredza okisijeni urwa zvakanaka mumvura uye plasma, zvino vatakuri zvakawanda muhombe vari erythrocytes, hove idzi havadikanwi.

Red masero chordates ropa

Muchitokisi yakadai, somunhu matsvuku eropa, yakasiyana mamiriro zvichienderana vekirasi chordates. Somuenzaniso, mune hove, shiri, uye amphibians zvakafanana Morphology nemasero izvi. Avo akasiyana kukura chete. Form masero matsvuku eropa, bhuku kukura uye kusavapo zvimwe organelles vakasiyana nevamwe masero mammalian, izvo dzimwe chordates. ari anewo Pane pachake muenzaniso wawo, masero eropa mutsvuku mhuka dzisina zvisingakoshi organelles uye muchitokisi musimboti. Ndivo duku zvikuru, asi vane guru kuonana pemvura.

Kufunga sechivako datya uye erythrocytes dzevanhu, zvakajairika zvinhu vangazivikanwa pakarepo. masero Vose zvine Chizenga uye zvinobatanidzwa oxygen senga. Asi masero dzevanhu iduku, vane denderedzwa uye vane concave hukawanika maviri. Datya erythrocytes (uyewo shiri, hove uye amphibians, salamanders kunze) idenderedzwa, vane neerekitironi muchitokisi organelles, izvo zvinogona kusashanda kana zvakakodzera.

In dzevanhu masero matsvuku eropa, seropa masero matsvuku kuvakuru mhuka, hapana nuclei uye organelles. Size mbudzi erythrocytes - 3-4 microns, munhu - 6,2-8,2 m. At amfiumy (caudate amphibian) Sero kukura 70 microns. Zviri pachena, kukura chinhu chinokosha. Human dzvuku Sero ropa, kunyange zviduku, asi ane guru pamusoro nzvimbo nokuda maviri concave.

The duku kukura masero uye nhamba yavo guru wakatendera chaizvo kuwedzera mano ropa kusunga okisijeni, iyo yava kwete pakuti zvokunze ezvinhu. Uye izvi STRUCTURAL zviri zvevanhu masero matsvuku eropa zvinokosha nokuti vanobvumira kuti wakasununguka pane imwe nzvimbo. It chiyero kwadzakabva kuupenyu panyika, iyo akatanga kukudziridza kunyange amphibians uye hove (zvinosuruvarisa, kwete zvose hove nedanho shanduka vakakwanisa kugara nyika), uye vakasvika nhamba huchangotanga yepamusoro mhuka.

Nemamiriro evanhu masero matsvuku eropa

The mamiriro masero eropa kunobva mabasa basa navo. It chinorondedzerwa kubva kumaonero matatu:

1. Mamiriro Akaita kwokunze mamiriro.
2. Chinoumba Zvinoumba erythrocyte.
3. The zvemukati Morphology.

Externally, muna Profile, zvinoita sokunge erythrocyte biconcave dhisiki uye mberi - kufanana kumativi keji. Dhayamita zvakajairika 6,2-8,2 micron.

Kazhinji kupa mu serum masero pamwe zvishomanana kusiyana kukura. Kana simbi kushaikwa run ipfupi uye ropa zodzera vakaziva anisocytosis (masero vakawanda zvakasiyana hukuru uye dhayamita). Kana folate kukanganisika kana vhitamini B ₁₂ ichiwedzerwa kuti megaloblasts erythrocyte. saizi Its anenge 10-12 microns. Bhuku zvisingatomboiti sero (normocytes) 76-110 cubic metres. neIkoniyumu.

Sechivako matsvuku masero muropa - harisi chete kuchiitwa masero aya. Kure kupfuura zvavo nhamba. Vaduku miganhu kubvumira kuwedzera nhamba yavo, uye naizvozvo, nokudyidzana pamusoro nzvimbo. Okisijeni basa akabatwa tsvuku dzevanhu masero eropa, pane datya. Uye chinonyanya nyore kupiwa munyama womunhu erythrocytes.

The nhamba zvinonyatsokosha. Zvikurukuru munhu mukuru ari cubic millimeter rine masero mamiriyoni 4.5-5.5. In nembudzi matsvuku masero vanenge mamiriyoni 13 paminiti milliliter, uye zvinokambaira - mamiriyoni 0.5-1.6 chete hove mamiriyoni 0,09-0,13 paminiti milliliter. A achangoberekwa matsvuku eropa count riri kumativi mamiriyoni 6 chete milliliter, apo vakwegura - asingasviki mamiriyoni 4 muzana milliliter.

basa erythrocytes

Red masero eropa - red ropa masero, mari, mamiriro, mashandiro uye zvimwe izvo zvinorondedzerwa mubhuku rino, zvinokosha chaizvo kuti vanhu. Vanoziva zvimwe zvakakosha zvikuru mabasa:

• Motokari okisijeni kuti munyama;
• akatamisa carbon dioxide inobvisa kubva munyama kusvika mumapapu;
• sunga muchetura (glycated Chizenga);
• munyaya zvirwere mhinduro (uye hatiwani utachiwana nokuda vanoshingaira okisijeni marudzi vanokwanisa nezvakwakaipira sei pamusoro ropa chirwere);
• vanokwanisa kushivirira vamwe zvinodhaka;
• mubasa Implementation pamusoro hemostasis.

Ramba Kukurukura sero yakadaro matsvuku eropa, nechivako racho optimized napo kuti pave pamusoro mabasa. Iye ndicho lightweight uye pafoni, ane hombe kuonana pemvura kuti gasi diffusion uye nemakemikari pamwe Chizenga, uye nokukurumidza chakakamurwa uye anozadza mune peripheral nokurasikirwa neropa. Uyu sero zvikuru kushandiswa kutsiva basa izvo kuchigere zvinobvira.

erythrocyte Kamudzira

Muchitokisi yakadai, somunhu matsvuku eropa, chidziro chisingazununguki nyore chaizvo, hazvina kushanda kwayo membrane. Iye 3-Dzinogara. Misa chikamu Kamudzira ndiyo 10% muchitokisi. Inoitwa 90% mapuroteni uye chete 10% of lipids. Izvi zvinoita kuti masero matsvuku eropa vane mumasero anokosha mumuviri, sezvinoitwa zvinenge zvose dzimwe Kamudzira lipids kuikunda mapurotini.

Solid Form erythrocytes nokuda fluidity ari cytoplasmic Kamudzira anogona siyana. Kunze Kamudzira ndiyo paiva pamusoro mapuroteni vane vazhinji carbohydrate residues. Izvi glycopeptides, pasi riri pasi lipid bilayer, hydrophobic mativi dzakatarisa nechomukati uye kunze ari erythrocyte. Pasi Kamudzira, yomukati pamusoro rukoko ndiyo zvakare mapuroteni kushayikwa carbohydrate residues.

Erythrocyte Kanotokonya zvivako

Zvaiitwa Kamudzira ndiyo inonzi deformability dzvuku muchitokisi ropa, riri zvakafanira kuti rirambe richibvira ndima. Panyaya iyi, nemamiriro evanhu masero matsvuku eropa zvinowedzera nezvaanogona - muchitokisi nekuita electrolytic iyezvino. Mapuroteni vane carbohydrate residues - a Kanotokonya Morekuru naro masero matsvuku eropa hamusi "Vakaronda" CD8-leukocytes uye macrophages of zvirwere.

Red ropa masero kuburikidza receptors dziripo uye havasi kuparadzwa kwavo pachavo zvirwere. Zvino nemhaka vakawanda achapesana kuburikidza capillaries kana nokuda zvokuimba kukuvadza erythrocytes vanorasikirwa dzimwe receptors, macrophages chirwatata "rakabva" kubva muropa ravo uye kuparadza.

The womukati nemamiriro erythrocyte

Ndechipi matsvuku eropa? Chimiro Its haidereri kufarira pane basa. Sero ichi sezvinoita homwe pamwe Chizenga, Kamudzira-rakatenderedzwa, iro receptors akaratidza: sumbu Kusiyanisa uye zvakasiyana-siyana nemapoka ropa (Landsteiner, kusawirirana kweropa raamai, Duffy uye rumwe). Asi mukati muchitokisi iri rinokosha uye zvakasiyana chaizvo nemamwe masero mumuviri.

Kusiyana ndeinotevera: masero matsvuku eropa vakadzi nevarume dzisina chinoumba, havana ribosomes uye endoplasmic reticulum. organelles zvose izvi zvakabviswa pashure achizadza ari cytoplasm muchitokisi hemoglobin. Ipapo organelles vakawana kuti basa, nokuti kuda kuburikidza capillaries zvinodiwa muchitokisi shoma miganhu. Nokuti rine mukati Chizenga uye wandei ebetsero mapurotini chete. basa ravo haisati pachena. Asi nokuda kwokushaya reticulum endoplasmic, ribosomes uye nuclei zvakava chiedza uye chiine, uye Chikurukuru, inogona nyore akaremara pamwe mvura mvura membrane. Uye izvi zvinokosha zviri sechivako masero matsvuku eropa.

Erythrocyte lifecycle

The huru zvinhu ndivo matsvuku masero kwavo pfupi upenyu. Havagoni kugovera uye synthesize puroteni nokuda kubviswa musimboti masero uye nekuti STRUCTURAL kukuvara muzvitokisi zvavo kuunganidza. Somugumisiro, masero matsvuku eropa runozivisa kuchembera. Zvisinei, Chizenga kuti akatapwa macrophages ari chirwatata panguva erythrocyte rufu achagara kutumirwa nokuumbwa itsva okisijeni vatakuri.

Ichitanga dzvuku eropa upenyu kunotanga mumwongo. Nhengo Izvi aripo bwendefa zvinhu: ari sternum, ari pamapapiro ilium bvupa Nemadehenya nechigadziko uye mhango pakati femur. Pane aumbwa mugadzi bumbiro myelopoietic ropa hunde masero nokupesvedzera cytokines (CFU-GEMM). Zvino unogovera hematopoietic kupa tateguru, akasarudzwa pamwe bumbiro (BFU-E). Pazviri akaumba nowakautangira pamusoro erythropoiesis, izvo zvinoratidzwa nebumbiro romutemo (CFU-E).

Zvakafanana Masero anonzi masero nyuchi-kusikwa matsvuku utachiona. Zviri inonyatsoziva erythropoietin - imwe fuma hormone hunhu, yabudiswa nokuda neitsvo. Kuwedzera uwandu erythropoietin (panheyo rekuva inofambiswa mu dzichipfekeka gadziriro) Inowedzera weboka uye kugadzirwa erythrocytes.

inotungamirwa masero matsvuku eropa

The kutevedzana kwezviitiko transformations ose mwongo sero CFU-E ndiye: riri kuumbwa kubva erythroblast, uye pairi - pronormotsit kupa vosimba basophilic normoblast. Sezvo mapuroteni kuwanda zvinova polychromatic normoblasts, normoblasts uye ipapo oxyphilic. Pashure kubviswa musimboti rova reticulocytes. Last anopinda muropa uye kusiyaniswa (yakura) kune zvisingatomboiti matsvuku eropa.

kuparadzwa masero matsvuku eropa

Anenge mazuva 100-125 foni achiparadzira muropa, nguva dzose anotakura okisijeni uye kubvisa zvibereko muviri zviri munyama. It transports vakasungwa Chizenga carbon dioxide inobvisa uye anotuma nayo kuna nomumapapu, panguva imwe chete richizadza kwavo mapuroteni mamorekuru okisijeni. Uye kusvika yokukuvadzwa uye yokurasikirwa morekuru phosphatidylserine Kanotokonya mamorekuru. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, kuti erythrocyte inowira "pasi zvezvinotaurwa" ari macrophage vakavaparadza. A heme zvinobva Chizenga rose Kuzeyewa zvakare kutungamirirwa kwetunhu erythrocytes matsva.