The Simba regiravhiti: unhu uye anoshanda. kukosha

XVI - XVII remakore, vazhinji hunzi rimwe anokudzwa kupfuura nguva iri munhoroondo wefizikisi. Rakanga panguva ino vakanga zvikuru nheyo, pasina iro pakuzadzisa sayenzi iyi ingadai nyore zvisingafungidziriki. Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler akaita basa guru kutaura pamusoro wefizikisi somunhu nesayenzi kuti anogona kupindura chero mubvunzo. Voga rose munhevedzano zvakawanwa zviripo mutemo regiravhiti, wokupedzisira akasiyana uko muridzi nokuda vakakurumbira Chirungu musayendisiti Isaac Newton.

The chikuru kukosha basa masayendisiti hakusi kuwanikwa simba rinokweva - kuvapo pezvemakuriro ichi Newton vasati akati, uye Galileo, uye Kepler, uye kuti iye akatanga kuratidza kuti nyika, uye kuudza basa iri muchadenga kubata simba pakati pezvitunha.

Newton nekusimbiswa tsika uye hunonzi isimbiswe ndechokuti zvachose zvose mitumbi zvose, kusanganisira avo vari panyika, kushamwaridzana nomumwe. kudyidzana ichi wakanzi giravhiti, apo muitiro wesimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi - regiravhiti.
kudyidzana uku kunoitika pakati pezvitunha nekuti pane chinokosha, kufanana nezvimwe mhando nyaya, izvo mune zvesayenzi inonzi rinokweva munda. munda uyu ariko uye unoshanda zvachose kumativi chero chinhu, pasina dziviriro naro haapo, sezvo ane chinhu chakafanana chero kukwanisa kupinda mashoko.

Simba regiravhiti, tsanangudzo uye mashoko yaakapa Isaka Nyuton, vanoshandiswa kushanda zvibereko vazhinji pakati kuwirirana miviri, uye inversely Proportional kuti mativi ose nechokure mezhduetimi zvinhu. Maererano Newton, irrefutably kwakaitika dzinoshanda kuferefeta, simba regiravhiti riri sezvinotevera:

F = MM / r2.

Nderake chaihwo kukosha rinokweva kugara G, izvo anenge kuenzana 6.67 * 10-11 (N * m2) / kg2.

isimba negiravhiti nako miviri vanokwezvwa Panyika, nyaya inokosha mutemo Newton anonzi negiravhiti. Panyaya iyi, nyika rinokweva kugara uye mukanyiwa Nyika pachayo anogona kuregeredzwa, saka giravhiti kuwana nzira yaizova:

F = MG.

Pano, g - kwete kungova kumhanyisa rusununguko kuwa, asi Numeric mutengo izvo anenge kuenzana 9.8 m / S2.

mutemo Newton raMwari rinotsanangura kwete chete kwemasayendisiti kuti atore nzvimbo zvakananga pasi, anopa mhinduro dzemibvunzo yakawanda chokuita mudziyo rose renzou. Kunyanya, simba regiravhiti pakati mitumbi yokudenga ine mutsindo simba pamusoro kwebasa mapuraneti mukutenderera muchadenga. Kurondedzerwa yokungotaura rwokufamba ichi kwakapiwa asi kubudikidza Kepler, asi kudzidza zvaigoneka chete pashure Newton akagadzira mutemo wake yakakurumbira.

Newton pachake akabatanidza Chiitiko ose pano uye extraterrestrial giravhiti vachishandisa muenzaniso nyore: kana kudzingwa basa kubva kanoni tsanga hazvirevi kubhururuka ngaatarire, uye mune imwe arcuate nzira. Muchiitiko chino, nokuwedzera nokuchengeta gunpowder uye vazhinji musimboti vachava vokupedzisira kubhururuka mberi uye mberi. Pakupedzisira, kana tichifungidzira kuti zvinokwanisika kuti zvakanyanya gunpowder uye kuvaka kanoni kuti makirisito nendege pasi pose, kuti nokuita Kutama ichi, hazvizovi mira uye acharamba ayo dzeraundi (elliptical) sangano, kukava rakagadzirwa nevanhu Satellite Nyika. Somugumisiro, simba regiravhiti zvakangofanana zvakasikwa uye panyika uye muchadenga.