Old Russian mabhuku - chii? Works mabhuku Old Russian

Old Russian mabhuku - chii? Works 11-17 emakore zvinosanganisira kwete chete mabhuku mabasa, asi nhoroondo magwaro (Makoronike nyaya uye yaMakoronike) Description (anonzi muchifamba), anorarama (nyaya upenyu vatsvene), mharidzo, tsamba, mimwe oratorical Genre, uyewo mamwe magwaro dzebhizimisi tigutsikane. Topics mabhuku Old Russian, sezvaungaona, akafuma zvikuru. Mabasa ose zvinhu mupfungwa upenyu chiedza, unyanzvi.

rakanyorwa

Kuchikoro, vadzidzi vari kudzidza zvinodzidziswa Russian mabhuku Old, anoratidza dzinokosha idzi. Zvichida unoziva kuti vakawanda mabasa enzvimbo iyi, hapana asara mazita yepakutanga. Mabhuku Ancient Rus zvikurukuru kusazivikanwa uye saka zvakafanana dzaiita zvokutaurwa zvavo unyanzvi. The magwaro akanyorwa noruoko uye vakagovera inotumirwa tsamba - kukwira, zvokuti kazhinji reworked kuti ndikwane itsva vanofarira mabhuku, zvematongerwo mamiriro ezvinhu, uyewo maererano mabhuku unyanzvi uye zvatinoda Vaikopa. Naizvozvo, kuti chigadzirwa akauya kwatiri zvakasiyana Shanduro neshanduro. The okufananidza Kuongororwa wavo inobatsira vanotsvakurudza kuti vakiridza nhoroondo shongwe uye kugumisa pakati zvokusarudza ndiyo pedyo kunobva, chinyorwa romunyori, uyewo kuronda nhoroondo kuchinja ayo.

Dzimwe nguva, muna zvisingawanzoitiki chaizvo nyaya, tine Copyright zvavangaita, uye kazhinji akazotevera mazita anogona kuwanikwa pedyo epakutanga Zvivako mabhuku Old Russian. Saka, vanofanira kudzidza maererano ose nzira iripo anoshanda. Ivo zvinowanikwa zvikuru mumaguta mumaraibhurari, mamiziyamu uye yamabhuku. Magwaro akawanda zvakachengetedzwa mune vakawanda mazita, vamwe - zvishoma. The chete nzira kukurukurwa, Somuenzaniso, "zvakaedza nhamo uye dambudziko," "Instruction" Vladimir Monomakh, "Lay."

"Etiquette" uye repeatability

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa chinowanikwa ichi mabhuku rekare sezvo repeatability dzakasiyana-siyana mumagwaro chokuita zvakasiyana nguva, unhu, mamiriro ezvinhu, adjectives, madimikira, kuenzanisa. Anoshanda kuri mumashoko vanonzi nokuzvibata: gamba haazvibati kana anoita nzira imwe kana mumwe, nokuti anotevera Dzidziso nguva yavo sei uzvibate ezvinhu akasiyana. Uye zviitiko (somuenzaniso, kurwa) zvinorondedzerwa nokushandiswa zvachose mhando uye mifananidzo.

Literature 10th remakore

Tinoramba kutaura chii mabhuku Old Russian. Anoratidza pfungwa huru, kana uchitya kukanganwa chinhu. Mabhuku Ancient Rus mukuru, yakatarwa, chetsika. mavambo ayo anoreva rechi10 remakore, zvakawanda chaizvo kusvika kumugumo wayo apo, pashure kuitwa chiKristu sezvo chitendero mamiriro muRussia akatanga kuonekwa nhoroondo uye pamutemo magwaro akanyorwa Old Church kwechiSlavonic. Kuburikidza intermediation Bulgaria (yaiva kwaibva zvinhu izvi) Ancient Rus zvasungwa mabhuku yakatanga Byzantine uye kumaodzanyemba necheSalvic. Feudal mamiriro inotungamirwa Kiev ezvidzidzo zvavanoda vaifanira kuumba magwaro avo, kupinda Genres itsva. Achibatsirwa mabhuku vakaronga dzidzo uchiratidza kuzvipira kunyika, kufarirwa enyika uye nhoroondo kubatana kwevanhu uye machinda vekare, avo paanotsamwa nokusawirirana.

Literature 11th - mangwanani emakore rechi13.

Topics uye mabasa mabhuku iri nguva (kurwa pamwe Polovtsy uye Pechenegs - zvokunze vavengi, kukurukurirana nyaya kare Russian ane hondo yose choumambo Kiev machinda, nhoroondo state) vakatsunga hunhu manyorero nguva, iyo D. S. Lihachev akadana akakura historicism. Makoronike kuti chidzoke munyika yedu kwakabatana pakutanga mabhuku Russian.

Cherechedza uyewo chigadzirwa, iyo inogona kuwanikwa bhuku "Russian mabhuku Old" (Grade 6). Izvi "zvakaedza zvekare Years", chakaburuka kwatiri senhengo akazotevera yaMakoronike. Rakanga rakanyorwa publicist uye wenhau mumongi Nestor munenge 1113. At mwoyo nyaya dziri tanga Chronicle, asina vakapona. Tutorial "mabhuku Old Russian" (Grade 6) Uyewo zvinosanganisira mumwe chinofadza chigadzirwa nguva - "Legend of Kozhemyako".

remakore rechi11

Mikoko remakore rokutanga upenyu: Theodosius Pechersky, Boris uye Gleb. Vari kuzivikanwa kuteerera matambudziko nhasi, ari mabhuku akakwana, kugwinya.

Uchiratidza kuzvipira kunyika, kukura enyika pfungwa, journalistic uye yakakwirira unyanzvi kwakarungwa kwounyanzvi Zvivako anozivikanwa "Mharidzo Mutemo uye Nyasha," rakanyorwa Hilarion rokutanga yezana remakore rechi11, "Mashoko uye nedzidziso" Kirilla Turovskogo (1130-1182 gg.). "Instruction" Grand Muchinda Kiev Vladimir Monomakh, aigara nguva kubva 1053 ne 1125., azadzwa zvikuru vanhu uye nehanya kutapwa ehurumende.

"Turika"

With hapana panotaurwa basa iri hazvingadziviswi kana nyaya nyaya ndiwo mabhuku Old Russian. Chii chiri "Turika?" Iri ndiro basa mukuru Russia yekare, vakasikwa risingazivikanwi munyori ari 80s pakati remakore rechi12. The chinyorwa rakazvipira yakananga dingindira - imwe kundikana rati ari Polovtsian inowanzorimwa muna 1185 Prince Igorya Svyatoslavovicha. Munyori anofarira kwete chete nenjodzi Russian nyika, iyewo anoyeuka zviitiko aripo uye ari kare, saka magamba yechokwadi "Shoko" - kwete, Igor uye Svyatoslav, uyo wakaripira zvakawanda nzeve pabasa, uye wokuRussia nyika, vanhu - chinhu icho kunobva Old Russian mabhuku. "Shoko" vazhinji zvatariswa chokuita chokurondedzera netsika nguva yake. Asi, sezvo chero basa shasha, rine yepakutanga features, wakaratidzwa mutinhimira chakagadziridzwa, wakapfuma mutauro, kushandisa nzira yo ngano, uye rethinking, vehurumende pathos uye lyricism.

National-nyika dingindira

It anosimudza munguva Tartar joko (kubvira 1243 kusvika mukupera rechi15) Old Russian mabhuku. Chii uchiratidza kuzvipira kunyika nemabasa nguva ino? Ngatiedzei kupindura mubvunzo uyu. Style akakura historicism anowana mumwe kuratidza nuance: magwaro akasiyana lyricism, vane inosuruvarisa pathos. Pfungwa yakasimba nechepakati simba muchinda Zvinovhiringidza ichi nguva zvikuru. Mune dzimwe nyaya uye yaMakoronike (somuenzaniso, mu "The zvakaedza kuparadzwa Ryazan Batu") rinotaura pamusoro kutyisa nechisimba muvengi uye kurwisana ushingi pamusoro vamanikidzi vanhu Russian. Izvi vakaratidzawo uchiratidza kuzvipira kunyika. Mufananidzo Earth Airwira, imwe muchinda akanaka kwakaratidza pachena zvikuru zvakanyorwa 70s ari rechi13 basa remakore "The Life of Alexander Nevsky".

Muverengi "zvakaedza Kuparadzwa Russian nyika" mufananidzo anovhura ukuru zvakasikwa, machinda simba. basa iri - chete chaenga hwakawanda huripo kwete zvakazara wenyaya. Zvinonzi vakazvitsaurira kuna zviitiko yokutanga yezana remakore rechi13 - nguva rinorema Tartar joko.

New manyorerwo: upenyu uye mupfungwa

Munguva 14-50-ies. Rechi15 ari kuchinja mabhuku Old Russian. Chii upenyu uye mupfungwa manyorerwo kuti yakabuda panguva ino? Zvinoratidza dzematongerwe uye zviitiko shamwari akapoteredza Moscow kumusoro-mabvazuva Russia uye paumbwe centralized Russian mamiriro. Zvadaro mabhuku akatanga kuratidza kufarira munhu, yevanhu zvepfungwa uye ake nyika yomudzimu yomukati (kunyange zviri mukati yechinangwa dzechitendero kuziva). Izvi zvakaita kuti pave nokuwedzera basa kuzviitira pakutanga.

Uye manyorero mutsva - anotaurisa uye mupfungwa, pazviri zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kutukana Sophistication uye "kurukiswa mashoko" (ndiko kuti, kushandisa zvishongo prose). nzira itsva izvi dzakagadzirwa kuratidza chido mufananidzo nemanzwiro wacho.

In yechipiri yezana rechi15 - mangwanani rechi16 emakore. pane nyaya ndeyemunguva munyaya yavo novelistic hunhu nomumukanwa ngano ( "The zvakaedza zvomutengesi Basarge", "Nyaya Dracula" uye vamwe). Sezvineiwo zvakawedzera uwandu rakashandurwa mabasa ingano hunhu, zvakajairika chaizvo panguva iyoyo ndiyo ngano Genre (somuenzaniso, "The zvakaedza machinda Vladimir").

"The zvakaedza Petro Fevronia"

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, anoshanda mabhuku Old Russian uye kukwereta zvimwe zvinoitwa ngano. Pakati pezana remakore rechi16 remakore Ermolai Erasmus, imwe wenhau mutana Russian uye munyori, nokusika yakakurumbira "zvakaedza Petro Fevronia", chiri chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha magwaro mabhuku Russian. Kwakavakirwa yezvechitendero pamusoro sei nokuda kwake njere murimi mudiki musikana akava muchindakadzi. Zvinowanzoshandiswa zvinobikwa nakisisa mazano, inzwi uye vavariro munzanga.

Zvinoitwa 16th mabhuku remakore

Muzana remakore rechi16 yebasa hunhu magwaro kunosimudzirwa, kuti kuzivikanwa mabhuku anova mutambo kwokushamisira. Common mabasa akadai, chinangwa iyo - murau enyika, tsika, zvemitemo, uye muupenyu. A muenzaniso unoshamisa - "Great Saints Upenyu", iri muunganidzwa magwaro, iine mavhoriyamu 12, akanga akaronga kuti musha kuverenga rimwe mwedzi. Panguva iyoyo zvinoita kuti pave "Domostroy", iro rinotaura mitemo yokuzvibata mumhuri, inopa mazano pamusoro rokuchenesa, uyewo pamusoro hukama pakati vanhu. The Nhoroondo nemabasa nguva kuwedzera azara nokugadzirwa kuitira kuti chokurondedzera nyaya kunakidza.

muzana remakore rechi17

Mabasa Old Russian mabhuku rechi17 pachishandurwa yekudyidzana. Rwunotanga kuumba inonzi art nguva itsva. Ndicho nedanho democratization, richikura dingindira mabasa. Zvinonzi kuchinja basa unhu munhau anoonga zviitiko murimi mudiki War (kunonoka rechi16 -. Mangwanani rechi17 c), uyewo Nguva Troubles. Acts Borisa Godunova, Ivana Groznogo, Vasiliya Shuyskogo nemamwe evanhu vari akatsanangura ikozvino kwete chete naMwari, asi zvinoitwa unhu neimwe. Pane rinokosha Genre - Democratic satire iyo vakaseka Church uye runyararo, kumatare (somuenzaniso, "A zvakaedza Shemyakin dare"), zvevafundisi tsika ( "Kalyazin Teterera").

"Life," Habhakuki, nyaya mhuri

Muzana remakore rechi17 makanyorwa autobiographical aigara nguva kubva 1620 kusvika makore 1682. Avvakum - "Life." It chinorondedzerwa mubhuku "Old Russian mabhuku" (mugiredhi 9). A chepfungwa acho ari mupfumi, mutauro yainakidza, kukurukurirana zuva nezuva, bhukukesi murefu.

Panguva iyi, akasika uye nyaya nezuva pamusoro Frol Skobeyev, Sawa Grudtsyn nevamwe, kuratidza pachena hunhu mabhuku Old Russian. Kune rakashandurwa muunganidzwa nyaya pfupi uye enganonyorwa ose chivalry. Anovandudza Prosody (anozivikanwa vanyori - Sylvester Medvedev, Simeon Polotskits, Carion Istomin).

Muzana remakore rechi17 akapedza nhoroondo mabhuku ekare, uye kunouya chinotevera Danho - mabhuku dzazvino.