Murume - chikara kana herbivore? Kuenzanisa pazvikara uye herbivores

Munhu anopinda boka heterotrophic zvipenyu, zviri maererano zvakavhenganiswa mhando zvokudya inozivikanwa, kuchitsamira pamunhu zvokudya zvaunofarira, tsika nemagariro uye zvechitendero.

Zvikara shandisa nyama rechipfuwo. Cleavage uye Absorção de Água kwayo kuora zvigadzirwa achaendeswa kubva zvomudumbu ezvinhu ane zvimwe kusiyana. Izvi zvinoshandawo kufudza mhuka: nemudumbu yavo dzinoratidzwa iine zvinhu chaizvo zvechiratidzo. Wakakwanisa zvichifadza ndiyo maumbirwo zvomudumbu dzevanhu hurongwa: unobereka zvishoma akafanana kune nemudumbu kubva carnivores uye herbivores. Munyaya ino isu enzanisa zvikara uye herbivores, uyewo kutsanangura peculiarities kuti kugaya kwevanhu.

What mhuka kudya

Utachiona chomumwe Mbeswa mhuka, zvimwe aizivikanwa nezvikara. Izvi zvinosanganisira anenge 270 rudzi ari suborders caniformia uye feliformia. Vamwe vamiririri mhuka nyika zvinoshandiswa chikafu akaita nyama uye zvinomera. Ndivo vakadanwa omnivores. Zvikara kukupfura, zvimwe kunzi nemhuka. Pane boka zvipenyu, zvakadai hedgehogs, shrews, wachena gonzo, chimupanze, izvo neapo nezvavakatapa dzimwe mhuka, asi ruzhinji hwake zvinoshandiswa miti zvokudya kana akafa makemikari nyaya. Weboka mhuka pamusoro carnivores, herbivores uye omnivores pachinzvimbo zvemasanga. The chete mhando apinda kujairika ezvinhu zvakatipoteredza, unogona kushandura zvaunodya, achichinja uye kuedza kurarama.

Nzira Human Nutrition

Vane siyana uye zviri zvakafanira, kupfuura zvose, tsika dzenyika-tsika uye munhu maitiro. The anatomical maumbirwo womunhu tichitarisa kwayo zvomudumbu hurongwa kunosimbiswa ndechokuti madhipatimendi ayo siyana vanokwanisa mechanically muchikuya, nokuputsanya uye kugaya zvokudya zvose romuriwo uye mhuka mavambo. Izvi zvinoratidza zvinotevera mhedziso: mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti ndiani uyu murume chikara kana herbivore mhuka, haangavi categorical. Kuti tizive, tava kuenda anatomical uye morphological zvaidiwa zvomudumbu ezvinhu, mhuka herbivorous Mbeswa uye vanhu, uye enzanisa navo.

The zvomudumbu hurongwa carnivores uye herbivores

The dzakananga nemamiriro ezvinhu inotanga mumuromo chikara uye zvinoitwa dentition kwayo, izvo, kazhinji, ane geterodontny mhando. Chinosanganisira incisors, canines, premolars uye molars. On the mazino namaberere vane diastema, anokonzera zamkoobraznoe mukuvhara canines. Kusiyana nemhuka herbivorous uye vanhu, zvikara mate rine amylase, uye zvinoreva muriwo starch haina wakanamatira pamuromo. Animal Mukanwa inoremekedzwa zvikuru musoro hukuru. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha munguva kurwiswa wacho zvakare ayo Eating.

Herbivores vane zvinotevera zvinhu mouthparts: muromo duku, tsandanyama miromo uye rurimi munyaya kutsenga zvokudya zvishoma nezvishoma, kunzwisisa muchinjikwa kwebasa mandible. The meno havaratidzi kusiyaniswa uye mate rine amylase uye maltase yokuputsa chirimwa makabhohaidhiretsi. Herbivorous mhuka vane multi-kamuri mudumbu. mapoka ayo vanonzi rumen, reticulum, omasum uye abomasum.

Mouthparts uye mudumbu mhuka

Chewing zvokudya mhuka kana miriwo mavambo kunoitika Via geterodontnogo mhando mazino. Salivation rinotakura majoko matatu mumasero. Nemate, kufanana herbivores, rine amylase. The anatomical nemamiriro munhu, pamusoro wayo zvomudumbu gadziriro, kunoratidzwa anotevera zvinhu: chikafu rwakoromoka mumuromo pasi zvinoitwa proteolytic makemikari, bolus, kamwe mudumbu anotanga kuti wakanamatira ne pepsin, lipase, gastrin. Kusiyana pazvikara kuva mukuru acidity pamusoro gastric muto, gastric ph yakaenzana dzevanhu dzose 4-5. Single-yokuvata dumbu, zvishoma voluminous kupfuura carnivores uye herbivores. Zvichienderana nemamiriro yekunwa zvikamu zvomudumbu ino, mubvunzo kwevanhu-carnivore kana herbivore, zvinganzi vakati kuti, waro anatomical nemano vasiri ine zvinhu zvose herbivores uye nezvikara.

The pezvakaitwa mudumbu Mbeswa dzinoratidzwa anotevera zvinhu: masero lining iri gastric mhango, secrete yakawanda iine acid chloride, izvo kunotadzisa kuorera mazviri pezvakaitwa. Proteolytic makemikari zviri chaizvo, yokuparara kwezvokudya mudumbu pa ph asingasviki 3 payo muto.

Anatomical uye vasiri zvechadenga ura duku

Hanya, kupfuura zvose, kukosha kwayo. mhuka Herbivorous vane ura maduku ka25 kupfuura muviri wavo uye ruminant ura kunosvika 50 mamita. Zvikara, zvokudya yakakwirira mafuta nyama kudya, vane pfupi zvakakwana diki ura (chete 5-6 nguva yakareba kupfuura muviri). Total villus nharaunda, jejunum uye ileum lining chikamu uye kuona kuti Absorção de Água kuti shuga, amino acids, mafuta acids uye glycerol mu herbivores ndiyo 14 mamita ^2, mune ruminants 17 mamita ^2, munhu 12 mamita ^2. The Vhoriyamu homogeneous zvokudya ari ura, rinonzi chyme. Ndiye herbivores kunyanya guru. Mukuwedzera, chyme ari kunonoka kwenguva refu muna cecum yavo.

Mutete yevanhu ura

Dzinoratidzwa mukuti kugaya kunoitika mariri chaizvo (nokuti mazuva 2-3 litres anofanira dzinounzwa intestinal muto), mapuroteni mhuka dziri ozeyewa kwemaawa 4-6, miriwo - maawa 4-5. Most chikafu cleavage basa iri kuchengetwa ari duodenum, idzo dzinoyerera mumba ducts pakati rwatata uye chiropa. Ari ura duku unokosha chaizvo vasiri muitiro - kubvisa masvingo villi shuga uye amino acids muropa, uye glycerol uye mafuta acids ari node.

zvomudumbu shwanu

To namatirai zvose chirimwa uye mhuka zvokudya, zvinoda enzayemu gadziriro anokwanisa kunozvidzisa mapuroteni, makabhohaidhiretsi uye lipids. Factory runobereka pakugadzira vanoshingaira zvinhu, ndiko kunonyanya rwatata. Saka, murume, chikara kana herbivore kushandisa pancreatic muto kuuya pancreatic mutsinga dzinofamba nemukaka iri duodenum yokuputsa mapuroteni, makabhohaidhiretsi uye mafuta. Chiropa - chikuru zvomudumbu shwanu. masero Her - hepatocytes kubereka bile. It ane sipo zvivako uye emulsifies kwemafuta. Zvikara mukuru webasa makemikari kuti kuputsa mapuroteni, kuchengetwa zvakaneta alkaline svikiro. Herbivorous zvinenge zviri pancreatic muto makemikari kuti achanamatira cellulose, lignin, uye zvibereko dissimilation yavo.

ura Large: ari STRUCTURAL zviri mhuka dzakasiyana-siyana

In mhuka dzose, Unoshanda sezvo mvura kubvisa uye electrolyte zvinogadzirisa, kwetunhu B mavhitaminzi uye kubvisa pamusoro mutsvina yadzo. Three huru ura: kuti vachikwira, transverse nokuburuka muura zvikara mapfupi pane kuti herbivores, kunyanya ruminants. Kureba huru ura womunhu 1-2 metres, inova refu kupfuura carnivores. Muchikamu ichi evanhu dumbu, kufanana herbivorous Utachiona, rine yakawanda utachiona izvo anoora cellulose. Zvichienderana chambotaurwa nezvacho chokwadi, zvinoita zvikuru gakava kutaura kuti murume - nyama-kudya Muviri wayo zvomudumbu gadziriro iri nani dzakashandisa kugayiwa mhuka mapuroteni.

yendarama zvinoreva

Pakati heterotrophic zvinenge boka remhuka vane nhengo zvomudumbu kutsungirira kugaya zvose chirimwa uye mhuka zvokudya. Dzinonzi omnivores, akadai bheya, nguruve, tyoni. Munhu anogonawo mberi Donongodzo iyi. Uyezve, zviri-siyana, wenguva zvokudya anotipa utano pamuviri uye zvakajeka mupfungwa. Vateveri kudya miriwo rinonyevera slagging ura metabolites mhuka mavambo.

Zvechokwadi, mapuroteni Kuparara zvigadzirwa dzine chepfu. Asi ani isu Hunoita kudya zvokudya zuva nezuva? Ndiani unorambidza rutanda mukugadzirisa mazuva uye kudya panguva ino mhuka zvokudya? How kwete kuyeuka shoko Delphic Chirevo: ". The mwero zvose" No zvishoma chinorwadza kuti vanhu vazhinji, kudya chete chirimwa zvokudya, kunyanya kana ari munhu ane dambudziko digesting faibha. Maonero zvakawanda uye chokwadi zvinowanzoitwa, riri pane imwe nzvimbo iri pakati. Zvino mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti kana munhu - chikara kana herbivore, mumwe nomumwe wedu kuva vayo.