Communication pfungwa. kutaurirana mabasa. Basa, mabasa, musimboti kutaurirana

Kukurukurirana Mupfungwa yakazara yeshoko - aakaudzwa, nokupfuuridzirwa mashoko kubva kune mumwe munhu. Ndiyo chete pfungwa iri sangano akapoteredza anoonekwa somunhu muitiro (kukurukurirana kutaurirana pakati vanhu: kupanana mazano, pfungwa, mashoko, manzwiro, vavariro) uye chinhu (ndiro boka unyanzvi zvishandiso zvinobatsira akatamisa ruzivo).

Communication zvinhu zviri informational uye kukurukura, mupfungwa uye kukurukura uye pamutemo uye kukurukura. Zvisinei, vanotsvakurudza ruzivo nenzira dzakasiyana kuti kutsanangura navo. Pashure kuverenga nyaya ino, uchadzidza kuti ndiwo dambudziko uye basa yokukurukurirana. Nesuwo kukuudza pamusoro zviri izvi.

Kukurukura kwacho uye ayo basa

Kukurukura kwacho ndiko kupanana ruzivo kuitwa pakati maviri kana kupfuura vanhu. Chinangwa charo kupa kunzwisisa uye kuchinjwa mashoko, inova nyaya exchange.

We wokushandura uye kugamuchira mashoko kuti:

• kunoudza vamwe vanhu pamusoro chinhu (somuenzaniso, imwe mupepanhau kana teletext);
• kunyevera vamwe (kuchema kana mugwagwa zviratidzo);
• tsanangura chinhu (bhuku);
• fadza (dzomufirimu kana anecdote);
• vabvume munhu (kudana nokuda chinhu posita);
• tsanangura chinhu (nomumukanwa rondedzero kana vhidhiyo).

Ndicho chinangwa kukurukurirana. Sechikamu muitiro, vazhinji vavo vachava akawanda. Somuenzaniso, firimu anogona kuzivisa uye kuvaraidza, uye kudzivirira uye kurondedzera uye tsanangura.

Nezvido zvevanhu vari mubishi kukurukurirana

Chikonzero chikuru chinoita kuti isu tose tinoda kuva kukurukura evanhu zvinodiwa wacho kana boka. Murume anouya kukurukurirana kwacho kuti vasangane zvinhu zvavanoda. Saka, pamusoro kukurukurirana zvinangwa vari kusangana kwomunhu zvinodiwa. Pakati pavo pane zvinotevera:

• raramo;
• pachako zvinodiwa;
• pamwe nevamwe;
• kuramba ukama;
• kukurudzira munhu kufunga kana kuita imwe nzira;
• Sangano masangano uye nzanga ive chete chikwata;
• kushandisa simba pamusoro pavanhu (chaizvoizvo, kukwidziridzwa);
• kuratidzwa zvokufungidzira uye zvakasikwa hunhu;
• Kuziva enyika uye kwedu ruzivo nezvazvo (zvatinofunga pamusoro pachedu, zvatinotenda, sei kurondedzera vamwe, kuti ichokwadi).

munhu anoda mapoka

Human zvavanoda akakamurwa inotevera mapoka:

• mumagariro;
• pachako;
• zvoupfumi;
• okusika.

Nekuti zvakafunga kunzwisisa uye dudziro dzidziso pakukurukurirana, unova ruzivo rwesayenzi mitemo siyana nekuita, tiri kuziva, kupfuura zvose, magariro uye pachavo zvinodiwa wacho.

kutaurirana zvinoriumba

Kana pasina kunzwisisa namazano kunokwanisika, tinogona kutaura kuti kukurukurirana haana kutora nzvimbo. Kubva ichi zvinoreva kuti izvi zvinoshingaira basa reDare mbiri panhivi. The kukurukurirana kwacho rinomiririra kukurukurirana pamusoro nhamba yenhengo pamwechete. A kumboongorora makuru ndivo.

Kurukura

Kurukura, kana yatumira - munhu zvinowanisa imwe pfungwa kana anounganidza ruzivo uye ipapo transmits nayo. Yatumira haisi mashoko. Zvinoitawo anoita encoder kuti mashoko transmits uye decoder mashoko akapiwa pamusoro dzinovaka makwara. Mukuwedzera, kuMukurukuri - munhu anokonzera paumbwe akainangisa uye zvisikwa kana kusarudzwa anokosha mbiru.

encoder

The encoder kana yeEncoding mufananidzo shanduko mashoko Kurukura. Pane zvakanyorwa uye kunanzvana yeEncoding.

Oral ndechokuti kuchinjwa ruzivo rinoitwa pachishandiswa vanotukwa kana zvisiri kutukana nzira (kukosha chaizvo kakawanda wana matauriro, chiso chedu, nhengo dzomuviri, pane yenguva dzose mashoko). Shanduro nokuti mashoko matsi inogona kupiwa muenzaniso kutaura yeEncoding. Muchiitiko chino, vanhuwo mashoko encoded chaiwo mabhii chakasvitswa kuti addressee chinhu nezvaunomuitira nzira.

Coding Written ari marudzi anotevera:

• e, kana tsamba vari dzikwanise zviratidzo (0 uye 1);
• chaiyo, kana tsamba vari dzikwanise mitinhimira (semuenzaniso, Florida Code).

Uye mugero decoder

Zvakakodzera kufunga izvozvo somunhu mugero. Izvi zvinoreva kuparadzira mashoko (misangano, rakanyorwa basa, zvokuudzwa nomuromo, runhare, mishumo, memos, kombiyuta network, zvemagetsi tsamba, uye zvichingodaro. D.).

The decoder (decoding) rudzi mashoko kutendeuka receiver. Uyu ndiye nzira uye nzira inoshandiswa yeEncoding, chete muchiitiko ichi vari kushandiswa neizvi negwara.

Ematongerwo uye zvipingamupinyi

Kupfuudzwa kwemashoko anogona chipinganidzo zvipingamupinyi uye zvipingamupinyi. Zvinotevera mhando kwavari: zera, zvemagariro, mazwi, rwedzinza, mitauro, zvoupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika, kugona kugamuchira mashoko wacho, ruzha, pfungwa, ano kukundikana, uye vamwe.

The rwendo, mugumisiro pakukurukurirana, zvaunofunga

Destination (mugamuchiri) - iyi munhu uyo shoko iri kuitirwa, izvo zvinoita anodudzira. Zvinoguma kukurukurirana kugamuchira uye kududzira shoko iri. Uye pakupedzisira, kuti inofambiswa - zviri kufarira shoko wacho.

kutaurirana basa

Kubvira pamazuva Aristotle nevafungi vakaona kuti kukurukurirana kwacho kungazviratidza nenzira dzakasiyana. From nechinzwano zvokunze ezvinhu zvemhoteredzo, rakaziviswa uye zvinangwa chaiwo mapato, nhamba vechikamu nzira uye achishandisa vaurayiwe, etc. Zvinoenderana mamiriro. dzezvokukurukurirana basa anofanira kutsunga kufungisisa zvinhu zvinoverengeka dzinochinja pamusoro payo. Kwacho chaiko kuti kutumira mashoko, kunyange chete kukurukura chiitiko, dzimwe nguva tichibatanidza akawanda mabasa. Muchiitiko chino, mumwe kana vaviri vari yakaoma, zvinokosha. Unogonawo kutaura izvi kukurukura mashandiro, seboka, kureva, chii basa rayo muupenyu kwenzanga uye munhu.

Kazhinji, kukurukurirana basa iri voga chete nechinangwa kwesainzi uye rinoshandisirwa kana ongororo. Somuenzaniso, zvakakodzera kuti Consulting mabasa. Kudyidzana womuenzaniso inogona inovakwa Pakusarudza iro basa ndiro rinonyanya uye iyo - kukosha.

kutaurirana mienzaniso

Kusvika panguva zvedzidzo uye nounyanzvi mabhuku akaita vaunganidza yakawanda yokutevedzera yokukurukurirana. Vazhinji vavo zvinorondedzerwa vaongorori muzana remakore rechi20. Zvisinei, Aristotle zvinganaka rokutanga anozivikanwa yokutevedzera. Pahwaro zvichibvira kutsanangura mabasa, kukurukurirana nerevane ayo kukosha. Pamabasa ake, "zvinotaurwa nevezvematongerwe" uye "Poetics" anofunga akapa zvinotevera muenzaniso: "mutauri-muteereri-nayo." Akataura kuti dzekare womuenzaniso nokudenga, sezvo zvakakwana kunoratidza chiito kukurukurirana zvose zvakanyorwa uye nemumuromo siyana.

Kunyange zvakadaro, mune yokutanga yezana remakore rechi20, apo vakatanga kuva vezvenhau zvakadai firimu, redhiyo, terevhizheni, zimbabwe muenzaniso chakagadziridzwa zvishoma. Muzana remakore rechi21, pamwe pave noruzivo rwemakombiyuta, ari kusangana zvoupfumi uye enyika pasi pose, muenzaniso uyu zvinoda zvakawanda zvakadzama dudziro. Kamwe zvakare vaongorori kusarudza chidzore inokosha yokukurukurirana nevazhinji mabasa.

mhando Jacobson

Maererano Ro Jacobson, mune kushanda muenzaniso kutaura chiitiko kana kutaurirana ndiitewo yatumira uye wacho. Shoko iri akakunda kubva pakutanga kusvika wechipiri. shoko iri zvakanyorwa romutemo. In muenzaniso, Jacobson akapoteredza inobatana chokwadi worudzii kugutsikana anoita shoko rino mashoko chakasvitswa kwavari. kuonana pfungwa chokuita pamutemo nezvemamwe pakukurukurirana.

Communication mabasa Jacobson

Maererano Jacobson wokuenzanisira, zvinotevera mabasa nhanhatu:

• kuratidza (emotive) chokuita addresser, iyo inoratidza ukama wayo zviri kutaura;
• connotative, kufungisisa pfungwa pamusoro kuenda, chikuru nezvainoita interlocutor;
• referentivnaya (zvishande, denotative) akatarisa akapoteredza uye zvinoreva kuti kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro chinhu kuti anomiririrwa mushoko;
• enhetembo (isina mhinduro), kunanga mashoko, zvichiita ezuva nezuva evanhu muenzaniso utange ndimi;
• metalinguistic, izvo chokuita bumbiro shoko zvitange, kunzwisisa yake interlocutor, kududzirwa;
• phatic, iyo inoendeswa kuonana, ari kuramba kwerunyararo nokudyidzana, pane utsva kweshoko kana aro hutachiwana.

Kupararira kwemashoko rinokanganisa maitiro nezviito womunhu, maitiro ake, mamiriro nyika yake yomukati uye sangano rake. Panguva iyi, uye vamwe mashandiro yokukurukurirana. Tiri vanofarira chaizvo acho riri pakuti nokubatsirwa wayo pfungwa nyika vanhu anosangana mumwe.

Zvisinei, kana vanhu vari chete akakwanisa kupinda izvi? Sezvataona pamusoro apa, pane dzimwe pfungwa, tinogona kufunga pfungwa yokukurukurirana. Basa rayo zvatsanangurwa pamusoro, muri pakuona pakukurukurirana nevanhu. Zvisinei, izvi hazvirevi kuti kukurukurirana kunogona kuitwa chete kwevanhu munyika. Tinopa iwe tinyatsoziva kwayo kusiyana.

The siyana kutaurirana

Saka, iyi iri kuchengetwa kwete chete munzanga yevanhu. Kukurukurirana zvakare maitiro hwemhuka (mutauro nyuchi, capercailyes, kuberekesana kundotamba shiri) uye nokuda zvenhengo kureva zvinhu zvakasikwa nemunhu (sewerage, mapaipi, runhare uye teregirafu anonongedzera, zvifambiso). chinokosha pakukurukurirana anogona kuonekwa kunyange zvinhu zvisina upenyu zvakasikwa. Somuenzaniso, zvinonzi kuitwa pakati zvimwe zvirimwa.

Zvikurukuru, nemiakasia African, achikanda chaiyo enzayemu yeimwe kupinda zvakatipoteredza, maererano imwe Acacia kubvuta Twiza iyo anodya matanda awo. Mashizha emiti, kuwana ruzivo urwu nokukurumidza kuwana quality, tichitarisa pemhuka kwese kuti inedible chikafu. pamusoro muitiro inozivikanwa chikuru mashandiro yokukurukurirana uye ayo zviratidzo. Izvi zvinoreva kuti inogona kurondedzerwa neshoko rokuti kufarira kwatiri.

The chaizvo pfungwa basa, kukurukurirana features, isu muchidimbu kurondedzerwa. Mashoko ari pamusoro apa anoratidza zvinhu zvikuru inyaya.