Chlorate munyu

Chii potassium chlorate?

The potassium munyu chloric asidhi (rimwe mana okisijeni tubhokisi acids inoumbwa kuiisa chlorine: hypochlorous - HClO, chlorous - HClO2, chloric - HClO3 uye perchloric - HClO4) anowanzonzi potassium chlorate, payakavakirwa - KClO3. Izvi munyu chitarisiko anomirira crystals (Hauoneki), izvo zvisina kutsarukana soluble nemvura (pa 20 ° C muna 100 cm3 mvura urwa 7,3 chete g munyu), asi pamwe kuwedzera tembiricha yacho solubility inowedzerawo. Mumwe wake yakakurumbira zita - bertoletova munyu. The samolecular kurema fuma iri 122,55 amu, arambe achirema - 2.32 g / cm3. Munyu inonyunguduka pa 356 ° C, izvozvo uchiora panguva inenge 400 ° C.

The Kuzarurwa potassium chlorate

Kokutanga (muna 1786) kuti potassium chlorate waiva kemisiti French Klod Bertolle. It kurashikirwa chloro kuburikidza dzichiitika inopisa potassium hydroxide mhinduro. Zvaakazoita mukana wokuti vanhu vanga, vachishandisa iyo munyu iri sezvinotevera: 3Cl2 + 6KOH → 5KCl + KClO3 + 3H2O. Somugumisiro ichi kuita potassium chlorate precipitates somunhu chena hwakasimba. Sezvo zviri havaratidzi soluble mumvura inotonhora, zviri nyore kuparadzaniswa nedzimwe munyu iri inotoda haachandidi. Sezvo buri raro bertoletova munyu ndicho uye anobatsira chigadzirwa yose chlorate. Pari KClO3 yakabereka pamusoro muindasitiri akamboona.

mushonga ehupfumi

Chlorate munyu - a oxidizer simba. By zvokuverengera nazvo kuramba hydrochloric asidhi (HCl) dzinounzwa akasununguka kuiisa chlorine. Izvi kunorondedzerwa makemikari maitiro mukana wokuti vanhu vanga: 6HCl + KClO3 → 3Cl ↑ + KCl + 3 H2O. Kufanana chlorates zvose, fuma iyi zvikuru muchetura. In yakaumbwa chimiro KClO3 nesimba kutsigira combustion. Musanganiswa nyore oxidizable fuma (yokuderedza nevasori) akadai nesarufa, phosphorus, shuga uye zvimwe Organic zvinhu potassium chlorate rinoputika nokuda kwechirwere kana kukweshera. The aikanganiswa Migumisiro izvi kunosimudzirwa pamberi Ammonium munyu uye bromates. Under kunyorova (kudziyisa 60 ° C) ari oxidation kuti potassium chlorate rakagadzirwa kubva oxalic iine acid kuiisa chlorine dioxide, muitiro kunopfuurira maererano maitiro mukana wokuti vanhu vanga: 2KClO3 + H2C2O4 → K2CO3 + CO2 + H2O + 2ClO2. Kuiisa chlorine monoxide anowana kushanda mu bleaching uye mbereko-siyana nezvinhu (furawa bepa pulp nezvimwewo), uye kunogona kushandiswa obesfenolivaniya wastewater namakemikari miti.

Kushandiswa potassium chlorate

Of zvose bertoletova chlorate munyu ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa. Rinoshandiswa nenzira zvaAtemisi madhayi, machisi (kuita machisi musoro combustible zvinhu, mbishi zvinhu wakanyorova potassium chlorate TU 6-18-24-84), mafayawekisi, disinfectant, kuiisa chlorine dioxide. Nekuti mukuru ngozi nziyo pamwe potassium chlorate, havasi kushanda kushandiswa anogadzira zvinhu zvinoputika kuti maindasitiri uye uto zvinangwa. Very kashoma potassium chlorate rinoshandiswa sezvo kumharuro putika. Dzimwe nguva inoshandiswa pyrotechnics kubereka tsvetnoplamennye nziyo. Yakapfuura munyu inoshandiswa mukurapa: simba rokugadzirisa zvinhu izvi (KClO3) kwenguva yakati rakashandiswa serimwe akambozvishandisa kuuraya utachiona kuti kukamura uchishandisa gargling. Salt mukutanga remakore rechi20, yakashandiswa kuti vawane okisijeni pasi Murabhoritari ezvinhu, asi nekuda nezvengozi iri kuedza vakanga wakagumiswa.

Kugadzirira potassium chlorate

Mumwe zvinotevera nzira: kubudikidza chlorination kuti potassium hydroxide somugumisiro exchange maitiro nevamwe munyu pamusoro chlorates, electrochemical oxidation mu aqueous mhinduro nesimbi chlorides - bertoletova munyu kunogona kuwanikwa. Preparation yaro maindasitiri pamwero kazhinji unoitiswa disproportionation maitiro hypochlorite (hypochlorous asidhi munyu). Kwesayenzi pezvakaitwa kupatsanurwa zvakasiyana. Kakawanda kacho inobva zvakaitwa pakati karusiyamu chloride uye potassium chlorate: Ca (ClO3) 2 + 2KCl → 2KClO3 + CaCl2. Ipapo bertoletova munyu aumba kubva mai nezvinobata kubudikidza crystallization dzinounzwa. Uyewo potassium chlorate rakagadzirirwa nokuda dzakachinja nzira Berthollet ari electrolysis kuti potassium chloride: zvinoberekwa electrolysis iri vakaita pamwe chloro potassium hydroxide, kwaizoita KClO potassium hypochlorite kunoteverwa disproportionation kuti potassium chlorate KClO3 uye kunobva potassium chloride KCl.

The manyowa kuti potassium chlorate

Pamusangano tembiricha anenge 400 ° C ari manyowa kuti potassium chlorate. Somugumisiro, okisijeni uye potassium perchlorate: 4KClO3 → KCl + 3KClO4. Inotevera Danho manyowa kunoitika panguva tembiricha kuti 550 kusvika 620 ° C: KClO4 → 2O2 ↑ + KCl. On catalysts (vangava mhangura oxide CuO, yesimbi oxide (III) Fe2O3 oxide kana manganese (IV) MnO2) manyowa ndepana dzakaderera tembiricha (150 kusvika 300 ° C) uye mune rimwe danho: 2KClO3 → 2KCl + 3O2.

chibatiso matanho

Bertoletova munyu iri kusagadzikana putika namakemikari zvinogona putika, pamwe anokurudzira, kuchengetwa (semuenzaniso, pedyo reductants musi iwoyo pasherefu murabhoritari kana imba yokuchengetera zvinhu) azvikuya kana zvimwe kushandiswa. Kuputika zvingaitika kukuvara kana kunyange rufu kutevera. Saka, kubudisa, kushandisa, kuchengetwa kana yokufambisa kuti potassium chlorate inofanira akasangana zvinodiwa Federal Law 116. Facilities yaitungamirira azvaiitwa anoenderana ngozi maindasitiri zvivako.