Biology vanoshingaira zvinhu

Biology vanoshingaira zvinhu (rakapfupikiswa - Masvingo) - chaiyo makemikoro iyo yakaderera pfungwa ive nemapoka zvinenge zvakananga (munhu, chirimwa, mhuka, notumwe) kana kuti mapoka mamwe masero refu basa. Bhanabhasi inoshandiswa mukurapa uye somunhu kudzivirira chirwere, uye kuramba zvizere basa.

Biology vanoshingaira zvinhu vari:

1. Alkaloids - nitrogenous yeimwe pane makemikari hunhu. Kazhinji, miriwo. Itai zvinhu ehupfumi. Insoluble nemvura ane asidhi kuumbika munyu siyana. Ive yakanaka vasiri basa. In guru mishonga - ndiye akasimba chepfu munzvimbo diki - mishonga (mishonga "Atropine", "papaverine", "Ephedrine").

2. mavhitaminzi - rinokosha boka Organic yeimwe zvinokosha mhuka uye vanhu kuti muviri wakanaka uye hunogutsa. mavhitaminzi akawanda zvinobatanidzwa paumbwe anodiwa makemikari kutitadzise kana mhanyisa basa enzayemu enyika. Uyewo mavhitaminzi anoshandiswa sezvo pakugadzira vanoshingaira yokuvirisa kuti zvokudya (re sezvamunoita yavo). Vamwe mavhitaminzi anwa zvokudya, nepo vamwe vari zvinoberekwa tupukanana ari dumbu, uye vamwe - ndiwo mugumisiro wacho kwetunhu mafuta-kufanana zvinhu pasi pokudzora ultraviolet. vhitamini kukanganisika kungaita kuti zvinetso zvakasiyana-siyana mune muviri. The chirwere, iyo yakatanga somugumisiro yakaderera yaunodya mavhitamini pamuviri, rinonzi beriberi. Vakaomerwa - ndiwo vhitamini kwokusakwana, asi yakawandisa - hypervitaminosis.

3. Glycosides - yeimwe ose Organic hunhu. Vane zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokonzerwa. Molecules glycosides akaumbwa zviviri zvikuru zvikamu: nesaharistoy (the aglycone kana genin) uye sugary (glucones). In mushonga kushandiswa pakurapa mwoyo uye vascular zvirwere sezvo inorwisa utachiona uye expectorant. glycosides uyewo kusimbisa kuneta mupfungwa uye mumuviri, disinfect nezvezvimwe zvinetso zvedundira turakiti, hasha musimboti tsinga, kuvandudza kugaya uye kuwedzera havi.

4. Glikolalkaloidy - bioactive zvinhu ukama glycosides. Kubva pavo unogona kuwana zvinotevera zvinodhaka: "Cortisone", "Hydrocortisone" uye vamwe.

5. The tannins (rimwe zita - tannin) vanokwanisa precipitate mapuroteni, madzihwa, namira zvinhu, alkaloids. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi havana hahuenderani izvi zvinhu zviri mishonga. Sezvo mapuroteni vanoumba albuminates (antiinflammatory mumiririri).

6. Kandachime mafuta - ndiko esters kuti mafuta acids kana trihydric doro. Vamwe acids nuna zvinobatanidzwa munyaya muviri, mhanyisa ari excretion ose remafuta akawandisa mumuviri.

7. Coumarins - a pakugadzira kushingaira fuma, izvo kwakavakirwa coumarin uye isocoumarin. In chete boka zvinosanganisira piranokumariny uye furokumariny. Vamwe coumarins nhaka spasmolytic chiito, vamwe vanoratidza basa kapillyaroukreplyayuschim. Kunewo coumarins anthelminthic, diuretic, curare, inorwisa utachiona, unonyaradza marwadzo uye nezvimwe zviito.

8. Trace okunze, mavhitaminzi, uye zvakafanana, vari kuwedzera pakugadzira kushingaira chikafu chirungiso. Ivo chikamu mavhitamini, mahormone, pigments, makemikari, chimiro makemikari pamwe mapuroteni kuunganidza mune nyama uye nhengo, kwemakemikari anobudiswa mumasero. Nokuti munhu anokosha zvinotevera zvisaririra zvinhu: Boron, nickel, zingi, cobalt, molybdenum, kutungamirira, fluorine, selenium, mhangura, manganese.

Panewo zvimwe pakugadzira vanoshingaira zvinhu: Organic acids (vari kugadzikana uye vasiri kugadzikana), pectin, pigments (rimwe zita - makara vamiririri), steroids, carotenoids, flavonoids, kugadzikana, ecdysones, zvinokosha anonhuwirira.