Abrek - ndiani ichi? Vavakagadza mudane, uye chii chinorehwa neshoko iri?

Abrek achinzi vabva mune Mountain vaigara kunze simba uye mutemo, vachirarama pachena upenyu, uye nguva nenguva vachiita dzinodya dzimwe dzinosiya vachirwisa. Muna North Caucasus marudzi abrek - nhapwa imwe mhando, izvo kuti mhosva aifanira kutungamirira kutsvakatsvaka uye dzinodya dzimwe dzinosiya upenyu nehafu. Uye zvakadini vatambi izvi inotiudza? Maererano zvekungofungira, shoko "abrek" rinobva zita Ossetian "abyraeg" kana "Abregov", iro rinoreva "kudzungaira". Gare gare, rokuti "abrek" Zvishoma nezvishoma vachinzwisisa se "thug" uye "gororo."

mabhuku zvinonyengera

Russian nzanga chaizvo kwenguva refu akatarira Highlanders kuburikidza prism imwe enhetembo. Kazhinji ndiwo mabasa vadetembi Russian uye vanyori vakabatsira kuti kusika enchanting mifananidzo "vana makomo", akadai Kazbich, Ismail Bey, uye Hadji Murad. Kwemakore, Huchidetemba flair zvakawanda zvachose kupinda yokukanganwa. It chikatsiviwa utsinye chaihwo prose. Sei kuva akanaka uye kudanana yaidhonzwa Kutarira hapana varume pamakomo, mupfungwa vamwe vanhu, vakagara kutya uye kusada kubata navo.

Description pasina dzorudo

Zviremera Russian kuCaucasus aifanira kutarisana abrekskim kufamba. Asi panguva pakutanga XIX remakore Bronevsky mubhuku rake chaiwo "kuvaRungu" chaizvo kwazvo uye zvechokwadi akarondedzera gororo ounyanzvi makomo. Akarondedzera kuti Chechens, akaisa upenyu hwake pangozi, ndokuyambuka rwizi Terek uye 2-3 mazuva vakamirira pakuonekwa mugwagwa vakasurukirwa mutengesi kana mukuru. Uye vakamirira, vakarwisa naye, yakasungirirwa danda uye pakudaro zvifambiswe kuburikidza simba gomo karukova yavo. Pashure paizvozvo vakabuda kutaura vakuru kana pedyo nehama anenge apambwa uye vakakumbira rudzikinuro. Kazhinji, nokuti vatapwa vavo vakakwanisa kubatsira mari yakanaka. Naizvozvo chikatsiviwa chokwadi shoko "abrek" ukoshi wayo nechido kuti kunyatsoteerera nevakomana.

Causal kwakatangira

Vezvenhau vanoedza kugovera vose outlaws vari mumapoka maviri. Murwiyo rokutanga inozivikanwa sezvinotevera: abrek - ndiye airidza kamwe pamusoro yaitonga wokuti tsarism yayo conductors. Boka rechipiri rinosanganisira zvatinosiita thugs dzinobatanidzwa bhanditi vanosvika uye zvaibiwa kwakaenderera zvokuti azvipfumise. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvakafanana nzira Rokutanga, Second, akaaisa imwe ndima ine matsotsi. "Political matsotsi" Cossacks Russian uye nesimba North County outlaws kumbofunga.

Neimwe pamusoro Highlanders hove dzinodya dzimwe dzinosiya akasundudzira zvikonzero zvoupfumi, nekuti mumakomo sei basa kana mari, hazvina gohwo rakanaka kukura. Kana anonunurwa uye mombe maberekero basa. Uye pabani, vakanga vadzingwa. Izvi zvakaita kuti chokwadi kuti varume mumakomo angatsunga kwokushora akapakatira nokupamba. Pakati pamatombo ivo vakavaka ibwe shongwe, izvo akaviga mutorwa zvakabiwa mombe. Nepo vamwe dzesango akaberekwa ushe: kana uine nguva kutyaira mhou yacho chakabiwa kana makwai shongwe ake uye masuwo, kuti mhuka idzi anova zvako.

Pakuipa kuti mutemo

Sezvo kuguma XIX remakore dzakawanda nyaya Brigandage vakatanga kupararira pamusoro munharaunda Terek nharaunda, izvo akakura kuva dambudziko asi chakakomba zvikuru. Somuenzaniso, nokuti 1910 yechiitiko 3650 zvombo dzinodya dzimwe dzinosiya kurwisa. Kusingasaruri kubatwa vagari vakapfuma, kuparadza Kutarisirwa vakuru, kurwiswa chitima, stagecoach, nezuva Treasury uye pemahombekombe kuti kuzvitoro uye zvitoro nenhumbi, hurongwa paumbavha zvemombe uye mabhiza - vaingoita pane atadze mune vanhu chivimbo kuti abrek - nayo zvakaipa uye mhirizhonga, iyo inenge isina kudzivirirwa. Asi kwete vose saizvozvo, uye pazasi ratinoparidza kuenzanisa vanhu vaviri, ivo vaviri vakadzingwa munzanga, uye iwe uswedere voga yenyu.

Osman abrek Mutu (Groznenskiy District)

Osman aibva mumhuri yakakurumbira Chechen, aimbova akava nomukurumbira muhondo achitungamirirwa Gracious. Career musoja uye mupanduki yemamongi akanga asingafariri Man. Akadzidziswa muna Grozny, uye aida kuva muturikiri yakanaka kupinda muhurumende. Kurasikirwa vabereki akamanikidza jaya kukanganwa pamusoro zvidzidzo zvavo uye kudzokera ake chizvarwa musha, uko vagari kare kurigamuchira kwete ake, asi somunhu "mutorwa". Osman padikidiki kuita chouviri, asi kuti chinhu zvisiri pamutemo kumbova mupfungwa dzake.

Zvino wehurumende chokuita kukura mutemo uye kakawanda kacho kwezvinhu zvaibiwa kwakaenderera akabvunza kusarenda "nhengo utsinye" kuti vachiendeswa kuSiberia, ipapo kutendeseka vomumusha akapa hwokuuraya Osman uye vose avo vanoirima kwakanga kusina apindire. From kuSiberia murume akatiza, uye haana kuvanda, akasvika simba aine chikumbiro kuongorora kukanganisa. Apo mukuru nzvimbo akashanda General gobvu. Iye nokutendeseka kuchigaro nyaya, vakaongorora nyaya uye pamutemo Osman mhosva. Asi kugara murugare zvakare, havana kumupa zvakafanana vomumusha vose akanyora zvakare pamusoro wake kupomera nhema. Uye Siberia zvakare kupukunyuka. Asi kana akadzokera kunyika yake, zvino Mutu akanyangarika kumakomo.

Chechen "Dubrovsky"

Saka, chii chiri akafunga transmits Mashoko okuti "abrek"? Meaning of shoko anowanzoonekwa pamwe kwamachinda, panyaya Osman Mutuevym. Akuvara yokusavimbika kwevanhu, Osman haana nokuomesa mweya uye torega akasuruvara. Njere uye akatendeseka munhu - pamusoro izvi uye anobata nyika - rava murevereri vose zvisakarurama kugumbuka. Nokuti ichi akanga nguva dzose welcome uye kunyange kunzi muchinda wavo. Uye chete mhuri, kamwe akacherawo Osman, achiri akaramba kutamba kure kwaari simba, uchiraira uye Kutaura kwaari vose vakanga vachiita zvimwe Magandanga. Osman akaurayiwa imwe kutsvaira, vakarongwa nezviremera anotevera kururama paanotsamwa.

abrek Zvinotaurwa

Midungwerungwe yemakomo iri Caucasus anogona kutarisa nokusingaperi, unogona kuita zvikuru asinganzwisisiki uye akanaka mifananidzo. abrek, dziri ichi chakanaka background, pane imwe nguva anomanikidzwa kukanganwa pamusoro ose acho. Anoti - musiyano wakakwana kuna Osman. Vapukunyuka mujeri vachikanganisa anoverengeka vanhu umhondi, akapinda Magandanga. Anoti aiva pfupi, mutete, uye ane hasha chiso chake uye yake yose mufananidzo, akatarisa yakafanana tsoko.

A pachena kuchiitwa mhosva yake - kunotyisa, vasina ngoni neyekusadzidza uchida umhondi, dzimwe nguva haana kunyange kupamba zvavo vakaurayiwa. abrek kwakadaro - yaiva mhuka muchimiro chomunhu. Anoti kutya uye Russian, uye gomo vemo. Isu kuvenga zvose, pasinei norudzi. Murume-mhuka zvose kubhadhara zvakatonyanya utsinye mhando.

mhedziso

Shoko, unonzi vanomimina, havazivi mitemo munzanga, kana kungoti anoda kurarama kunze kwayo, akawana pamusoro kwenguva, kunaka ruvara. Abrekov aitya. Asi sezvaingoitwawo, vamwe vanhu vanoberekwa uye kuramba, vamwe tinoshandurirwa mhuka. Pamwe handizvo mamiriro ezvinhu akapoteredza, uye nesimba uye nevaitonga mweya?